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Topic: Orthoptics

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	Orthoptics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orthoptics, which literally means "straightening of the eyes," dates back to the 1850s.
		Orthoptics, practiced by orthoptists and optometrists, is eye-muscle training for defective eye coordination, binocular vision, strabismus, diplopia and functional amblyopia.
		The scope of orthoptics is limited to eye-muscle training and the cosmetic straightening of eyes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eye_exercises (152 words)

	Agape Optometry Center: Treatment: Orthoptics/Vision Therapy
		Orthoptics was suggested by du Bois Reymond (1852) and MacKenzie (1854) and pioneered in the latter half of the nineteenth century by the French ophthalmologist Javal.
		Orthoptics is often done in lieu of surgery or as a precursor to surgery.
		Orthoptics, which literally means "straightening of the eyes," is limited in scope to eye-muscle training and the cosmetic straightening of eyes.
	www.agape1.com /vtorthoptics.htm (532 words)

	IOA About Orthoptics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptics is a special field in ophthalmology (the area of medicine which specialises in diseases of the eye).
		Orthoptics is a profession allied to medicine, the orthoptist investigates, diagnoses and treats disorders of vision, binocular vision (difficulty using the eyes together as a pair) such as strabismus (squint), diplopia (double vision), eye movement disorders and nystagmus (uncontrolled movements of the eyes).
		Orthoptic examination and treatment is very important in the rehabilitation of low vision patients and patients with visual disturbances caused by congenital defects, injury or disease.
	www.internationalorthoptics.org /aboutorthoptics.html (321 words)

	Subject benchmark statements: Health care programmes - Orthoptics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptics is the study of the visual system and includes its development, binocular interaction and ocular motility, with an understanding of the neuro-anatomy and physiology, which underpins this.
		Orthoptics is one of the smaller professions allied to medicine with approximately 1,500 state registered orthoptists in the United Kingdom (UK).
		Orthoptics is one of the Professions Allied to Medicine (PAM) defined by the Whitley Council and one of the Professions Supplementary to Medicine (PSM) as established by the PSM Act 1960.
	qaa.ac.uk /academicinfrastructure/benchmark/health/Orthoptics-final.asp (6098 words)

	Orthoptics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The first orthoptist was Mary Maddox who opened the first Orthoptic Training School in 1929, having received her own training from her father, the eminent ophthalmologist, E E Maddox.
		Orthoptics is now a graduate profession with three-year degree courses offered at Liverpool and Sheffield universities.
		The orthoptist¡¦s prime consideration must always be the interests of each individual patient within the context of the general standard of the orthoptic service provided to the public as a whole.
	www.orthoptics.org.uk /artman/publish/printer_50.shtml (977 words)

	Orthoptics (Eye Exercises) for Learning Disabilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptics is a technique of eye exercises intended to improve eye movements and/or visual tracking.
		Orthoptic interventions have been attempted in the treatment of learning disabilities, particularly reading disorders, since it has been postulated that reading disorders may be associated with deficits in eye movements and/or visual tracking.
		If the latter is true, it suggests the possibility that orthoptics could be potentially detrimental in disrupting a compensatory mechanism.
	www.bcbsmo.com /medical_policies/medicine/orthoptics.htm (382 words)

	Allied Health Profession of the Month: November 2003, Orthoptics
		Orthoptics, literally meaning "straight eyes," is one of the medical sciences specializing in eye care.
		Orthoptics is the study of the development of vision, depth perception and the ability to use the eyes together, eye alignment, eye movements, and eye coordination.
		Didactics include lectures in child development, embryology and maturation of the central nervous system, anatomy and physiology of the eye and the brain, psychophysical testing of visual function, ophthalmic genetics, and geometric and physical optics, as well as neurological and muscular anomalies of the visual system.
	www.healthpronet.org /ahp_month/11_03.html (731 words)

	Vision Therapy, Vision Training and Orthoptics for Children - AllAboutVision.com
		Orthoptics, also called optometric vision therapy, is the use of eye exercises for conditions such as amblyopia and strabismus.
		Orthoptics, the use of eye exercises to improve vision, is the most widely studied type of vision therapy.
		Orthoptics is not the only type of treatment available for these conditions.
	www.allaboutvision.com /parents/vision_therapy.htm (992 words)

	AOJ 53:vi "Editorial" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Obviously, I imparted all of the wonderful aspects of orthoptics as a profession to any and all of those who wanted to listen (and even to some of those who did not).
		Those attending the meeting seemed very excited about orthoptics and were anxious to tell their students about it.
		It is important for those of us in the profession of orthoptics to speak out and let others know of this unbelievable career.
	www.aoj.org /abstracts/53/53_vi.html (472 words)

	American Orthoptic Journal: Orthoptics
		Orthoptics is a small profession in great demand.
		There are many more jobs available than orthoptists to fill the vacancies.
		Or visit Orthoptics Online, a joint project of the American Orthoptic Council and the American Association of Certified Orthoptists.
	www.aoj.org /orthoptics.html (98 words)

	[No title]
		Criteria for success in treatment are not unifornt One author considers a “cure” to be any residual strabismus less than 15 pd, while another considers a “cure” to be a 100% elimination of the deviation, with elimination of suppression, and normalization of fusional ranges and stereoacuity.
		In 1914, Reber (126), one of the first to report orthoptic results, stated that 75% of his patients with DEX(T) were cured with such exercises.
		Optometric orthoptic therapy was mostly home based and was carried out for an average of 5.5 weeks (range 1-16 weeks).
	www.coopereyecare.com /vergence(6)_dir/vergence(6)_16.htm (1035 words)

	Agape Optometry Center: Vision Therapy; Vision Training; Eye Exercises; Bates Method; Orthoptics
		Orthoptics is a classical type of vision therapy.
		Orthoptics is a way to avoid surgery or to make surgery more successful.
		Orthoptics is also used when a traumatic brain injury like a stroke results in double vision.
	www.agape1.com /vtgeneral.htm (272 words)

	Orthoptic Association of Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptics is an allied health profession concerned with visual functions and eye movement disorders.
		Orthoptic treatment of certain conditions can relieve visual symptoms and enhance visual performance.
		Where amblyopia has been present since childhood, any change in adulthood to the unaffected eye, such as injury, cataract or degeneration, may decrease vision to such an extent that an independent lifestyle is compromised.
	www.orthoptics.org.au /OAW.htm (369 words)

	AOJ 41: 1 "Symposium: Perspectives in Strabismus: Celebration of 50 Years of Orthoptics (Introduction)" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Twenty years later, in 1953, Alfred Bangerter and Conrad Cuppers in Europe introduced pleoptics which was to dominate the therapy of orthoptics for several decades.
		However, we are here to listen to the reflections of our colleagues who have had more than the usual involvement in the field of motility and orthoptics, although perhaps none of them personally for the full half century.
		Presented as a Symposium at the Joint Meeting of the American Orthoptic Council, the American Association of Certified Orthoptists and the American Academy of Ophthalmology in celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the AACO, Atlanta, Georgia, October 28, 1990.
	www.aoj.org /abstracts/41/41_1.html (390 words)

	Orthoptics
		Orthoptics Online is provided by the American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO) and American Orthoptic Council (AOC), to provide information about orthoptics, about qualifications and training in the field (primarily in the US and Canada), and educational materials.
		The IOA aims to promote high standards of training and practice in orthoptics, organise international congresses for orthoptists and others concerned with the practice of orthoptics, promote the science of orthoptics, publish related scientific material and develop an internationally accepted terminology.
		Other features of the site include a directory of orthoptic departments in the NW region, details of training events and job vacancies, a collection of abstracts from various journals of interest to orthoptists, links to other relevant resources, news, and a members area.
	www.omni.ac.uk /browse/mesh/D009988.html (1134 words)

	Clinical Orthoptics - Book Information
		Clinical Orthoptics has become established as a basic reference text providing fundamental information on anatomy, innervation, orthoptic investigation, plus diagnosis and management of strabismus, ocular motility and related disturbances.
		It is aimed at trainee ophthalmologists and orthoptic undergraduate students.
		Fiona Rowe is a lecturer in orthoptics at the University of Liverpool and an Honorary Research Vision Scientist at the Department of Orthoptics and Ophthalmology, Warrington Hospital, UK.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /book.asp?ref=1405113421&site=1 (144 words)

	Orthoptics Degree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The aim of clinical placements are to give you the opportunity to put into practice the skills you have learnt in theory during your lectures.
		There are opportunities to specialise in various areas of orthoptic care, such as neurology and paediatrics.
		Postgraduate research in orthoptics and related fields is a further option.
	www.shef.ac.uk /medicine/prospective_ug/bmedsci/faq.html (478 words)

	Orthoptics - British and Irish Orthoptic Society NW Region
		Keep up with orthoptic EVENTS in the region and elsewhere, and maintain or enhance your Continuing Professional Development.
		The North West Region of the British and Irish Orthoptic Society is part of the Society's Northern Branch.
		There are 27 Orthoptic Departments in the region, covering a wide area from Lancaster in the North to Crewe in the South, and east/west from Rochdale to Chester.
	www.orthopticsnwest.org.uk (459 words)

	Clinical Orthoptics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptic investigations and the diagnosis and management of strabismus and ocular motility disorders are described, accompanied by numerous illustrations, including equipment.
		Sections 2 and 3 outline the various types of concomitant and incomitant strabismus and ocular motility disturbances and the application of orthoptic investigation.
		Section 4, the appendix, includes many of the orthoptic abbreviations, a glossary of definitions and a number of case histories of strabismus and ocular motility disorders used in practice.
	www.donfer.co.uk /d-commerce/product317.html (140 words)

	Vision Therapy for the Treatment of Learning Disabilities
		Eye exercises, known as orthoptics, involve a wide range of techniques used to expand fusional vergence amplitudes and permit improved single binocular vision (2).
		Christenson and colleagues, however, found no difference in reading ability in children with dyslexia and abnormal binocular vision who were tested both with and without occluded, blue-tinted lenses.
		In summary, the published scientific evidence does not support the contention that vision therapy, orthoptics training, or the use of training glasses, prism glasses, or tinted or colored lenses improves reading comprehension for people with learning disabilities or mild traumatic brain injury.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/alliedHealth/ah19.html (1132 words)

	Orthoptics Online Organizational Affiliations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The American Orthoptic Council (AOC) certifies the proficiency of individual orthoptists, sets standards for the education of orthoptists, grants accreditation to Orthoptic Programs and provides guidance to the AACO.
		Recertification and renewal of orthoptic certification is granted by this organization to orthoptists who fulfill the annual requirements of continuing education.
		The International Orthoptic Association (IOA) is an organization of 16 member National Associations of Orthoptists.
	www.orthoptics.org /page8.html (406 words)

	OptiBoard Discussion Forums - orthoptics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptics and Pleoptics is a profession working under specialised Ophtahlmologist's mostly training amblyoptic patients.
		These patients are 99% chiuldren at a young age who have had styrabismus operations prior to which one eye became disfuntional because of double images.
		In Europe these orthoptic clinics are usually added to official eye clinics in hospitals.
	www.optiboard.com /forums/showthread.php?t=9893 (241 words)

	Information about Orthoptics
		Overview: Orthoptics is the study of ocular motility, in other words eye movement.
		You'll also get a little lecture on Orthoptics and what goes on in your degree by the admissions tutor - listen carefully as you might come up with some questions to ask your interviewer and it'll give you some useful background knowledge on the workings of the eye and eye muscles.
		In other words, try and show them that you've applied for the other course because you believe your skills would be useful in that area too - so they see that you just want to employ your skills in the best way possible and that you'd be happy in either course.
	www.thestudentroom.co.uk /showthread.php?t=74630&goto=nextnewest (1473 words)

	orthoptics self help
		Orthoptics, also called optometric vision therapy, is the use...
		It is a self help group which seeks to help its members live with and overcome their visual...
		is considering a future in orthoptics or optometry, a nurse who might...
	www.confidencewithdating.com /confidence/orthoptics-self-help.html (219 words)

	Orthoptics and Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome
		Orthoptics, also known as vision training or vision therapy.
		Orthoptics is considered investigational if the criteria listed above is not met.
		The treatment of scotopic sensitivity syndrome, also known as Irlen syndrome, with the use of colored transparencies or colored lenses is considered investigational for all applications.
	www.wellmark.com /e_business/provider/medical_policies/policies/Orthoptics_and_Scotopic_Sensitivity_Syndrome.htm (589 words)

	Orthoptics Degree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Situated in a busy teaching hospital, the Academic Unit of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics provides facilities for both clinical and laboratory based research.
		Each year 30 places are available on the bachelor's degree course in orthoptics.
		The Master's course is specially designed for distance learning, making it easier to improve your level of skill and understanding without taking a break from your profession.
	www.shef.ac.uk /medicine/orthoptics (108 words)

	University of Sheffield Undergraduate Prospectus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptics is a profession allied to medicine and deals principally with the diagnosis and treatment of visual defects and abnormalities of eye movement.
		Much of an orthoptist's time is spent in the assessment of vision in young children and a good example of this work would be helping children who have a squint.
		Graduates are able to take up employment in Orthoptics Departments within the Health Service, or to pursue postgraduate research in Orthoptics and related fields.
	www.shef.ac.uk /uni/academic/I-M/medsch/undgrad/orthop.html (146 words)

	About treatments and cures for strabismus, crossed eyes, cross-eyed, lazy eye, vision therapy, orthoptics, eye muscle ...
		Vision Therapy --Non-surgical or in conjunction with surgery, as appropriate.
		Orthoptics, which literally means "straightening of the eyes," dates back to the 1850s and is limited in scope to eye-muscle training and the cosmetic straightening of eyes.
		Please note that we will not sell, lease, rent, share or otherwise distribute your email address.
	www.strabismus.org /strabismus_cure.html (416 words)

	Orthoptics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Orthoptics involves the correction of visual disturbance or impairment, such as those associated with strabismus or crossed eye, using various types of special lenses as well as exercises.
		An Orthoptist is a person who specializes in the study of the eye muscles.
		There are three clinical Orthoptists within the department, who also conduct their own research.
	www.iveyeye.ca /orthoptics.htm (73 words)

	Barry & Sargent & Partners: Optometrists - Orthoptics & Vision Training
		"Orthoptics" and "Vision Training" are not the same thing
		Orthoptics, which literally means "straightening of the eyes," dates back to the 1850s and generally limits its scope to eye-muscle training and the cosmetic straightening of eyes.
		Vision training includes orthoptics, but has advanced to include training and rehabilitation of the eye-brain connections involved in vision.
	www.barryandsargent.co.nz /training8.html (108 words)

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