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Topic: Oruro, Bolivia

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	ORURO - LoveToKnow Article on ORURO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Oruro is almost exclusively, a Inining department, the country being too arid for agriculture, with the exception.
		The elevation of Oruro is 12,250 ft. above sea-level, and its climate is characterized by a short cool summer and a cold rainy winter, with severe frosts and occasional snow-storms.
		Oruro enjoys the nominal distinction pf being one of the four capitals of the republic, an anomaly which was practically ended by the revolution of 1898, since which time the government has remained at La Paz.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OR/ORURO.htm (478 words)

	Bolivia Web - Bolivia and Main Cities - Oruro
		Oruro owes its existence to the discovery in the early 1605 of rich silver-concentrated minerals in the Urus region, where the city derives its name from.
		Currently, Oruro in not the prosperous city it use to be long time ago and certainly is not one of the fastest growing cities in the country.
		By November 1996, according to data from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Oruro's population was composed by 199,260 inhabitants.
	www.boliviaweb.com /cities/oruro.htm (474 words)

	Bolivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Oruro, which is located in the Altiplano region of Bolivia, is 12,000 feet above sea level causing a lack of oxygen in the air and a cold, harsh climate.
		It is made up of many cultural and folkloric groups who are from various parts of the country: the altiplano with its austere climate, the jungles of the eastern zone, the valleys with its temperate climate, etc. This variety is reflected in their costumes, their music and their dances.
		Another aspect of the Oruro carnival is that it is a mixture of native and Christian beliefs (syncretism).
	www.olvm.org /bolivia.htm (1909 words)

	Travel in Oruro - Bolivia - Culture - WorldTravelGate.net®-
		It is the folkloric capital of Bolivia due to its colourful carnival, dedicated to the virgin of Socavón, patron of the miners.
		Oruro is the center of the railway system of Bolivia and was an important mine resources of Bolivia.
		Oruro is a jumping-off point for reaching two of the country’s natural wonders: the Uyuni salt pans, or salares (vast dry lakes covered by a thick crust of salt) and the Laguna Colorada (a fiery red lake, which is home to a unique breed of flamingo).
	www.americatravelling.net /bolivia/oruro/oruro_culture.htm (382 words)

	Oruro Gateway to Atlantis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The western mountains of Oruro are not a mountain chain like the great chain of the east, but rather a high plain suspended between 1300ft and 2600ft above the level of the "Altiplano" immediately to the east, and more than 16,400ft above the western coast to which it descends abruptly forming a type of escarpment.
		The territory of the department of Oruro shows yet a fourth gravitation orientated primarily towards its ancient prehistoric littoral governed by the proto-Uru population, particularly towards Arica, which is found in a latitude very similar to Oruro.
		The soils of Oruro are then suitable as much for agriculture as for cattle rearing and its derived industries, even in the grounds near the salars of Salinas de Garcia Mendoza or the Salar de Coipasa.
	www.geocities.com /orurooruro (3824 words)

	Western Folklore: Carnival in Bolivia: Devils dancing for the virgin
		Oruro experienced another boom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the mines were re-worked for the tin, lead and copper that had become important minerals in the world market.
		Oruro and the area to the south remained major tin-producing centers until the 1960s when the price of tin fell worldwide and many miners began another exodus to find more lucrative and less debilitating work elsewhere.
		Dancers at Oruro's Carnival have vowed to dance for three years in a row to pay homage to the Virgin of the Mineshaft (a version of the Virgin of Candlemas, or Candelaria in Spanish) and to ask for her benediction and blessings for good fortune in the next year.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3732/is_199907/ai_n8862551 (1467 words)

	¡CARNAVAL! at the Museum of International Folk Art :: Title
		Oruro is a mining town in the stark altiplano region of Bolivia, 12,144 feet above sea level.
		After Bolivia gained its independence from Spain in 1825, upper class citizens of Oruro largely ignored the indigenous population and each group had its own Carnival celebration.
		In the 1940s, with the rise of a socialist movement in Bolivia, members of the upper class came to view the Indian lifestyle and culture as the model for an idealized society.
	www.carnavalexhibit.org /bolivia.php (579 words)

	Oruro on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Oruro's economy is based on exploitation of the region's tin, tungsten, and copper.
		Oruro was founded in 1595 to exploit the rich silver deposits nearby.
		Trescientos mil turistas en carnaval boliviano de Oruro
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/O/Oruro.asp (411 words)

	Encyclopedia: Oruro, Bolivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Oruro is a city in Bolivia with a population of about 200,000, located about equidistant between La Paz and Sucre.
		It is the capital of the department of Oruro.
		The city was first founded in 1606 as a silver-mining center in the Urus region.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Oruro,-Bolivia (196 words)

	Oruro, Bolivia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is the capital of the department of (additional info and facts about Oruro) Oruro.
		At the time, it was named Real Villa de Don Felipe de Austria after the (The Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain) Spanish monarch (additional info and facts about Philip III) Philip III.
		Gradually, this resource was also exhausted, and Oruro again went into a decline.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/or/oruro,_bolivia.htm (187 words)

	Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible heritage of Humanity
		The Oruro Carnival lasts for 10 days each year before Lent in the Andes mountains of western Bolivia.
		Aspects of the festival of the Ito have been appropriated and continue to be expressed through a Christian ritual celebrated at Candelmas (February 2).
		The decline of mining and traditional agriculture, deforestation and migration threatens the culture of Oruro.
	www.unesco.org /bpi/intangible_heritage/bolivia.htm (222 words)

	Pioneer Photography in Bolivia: Directory of Daguerreotypists & Photographers, 1840s-1930s
		A German geologist, mountain climber, and photographer, Ahlfeld immigrated to Bolivia in 1924 and settled in Cochabamba.
		A leading postcard publisher in Bolivia in the early 1900s, De Notta is perhaps better known as the proprietor of one of La Paz's most fashionable haberdasheries, Luis J. De Notta, which he founded in the 1880s.
		Bolivia" appears on a portrait of a gentleman inscribed "Monteagudo, abril 3, 1909." The Pérez archives, some 40,000 glass plates, are owned by the Pérez brothers successor, Alberto Castillo.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dbuck (14877 words)

	Oruro Bolivia Travel and Tours to Oruro by Enjoy Bolivia
		Penitent devils in Oruro, the folkloric capital city of Bolivia, that surrenders in February to the frenzy of its singular carnival that mixes the devotion for the Virgin of El Socavón -patron saint that blesses the daily activities in the dark depths of the mines- with diverse pagan expressions.
		Dances of remote origins like the Diablada, the Morenada, the Tobas, the Llamerada and the Phujllay, among other, are revived by the fifty folkloric groups that participate in the party.
		Oruro, with its 3,706 m.a.s.l., it is not only the city of
	www.enjoybolivia.com /english/guiadestinos/oruro/INTRO_IN.shtml (328 words)

	Untitled Document
		Oruro is the city where my father was born.
		Founded in 1606 Oruro is one of Bolivia’s most historic towns and holds some of Bolivia’s most beautiful parks and art.
		During Carnival Oruro hosts the most beautiful parade in all South America, with the famous Diablo dancers.
	www.centellas.org /andres/ingles/oruro.htm (182 words)

	Worldisround - 2005: Oruro, Bolivia... Carnaval - Bolivia pictures
		Oruro's Carnival parade is a pageant of dancers and band members in elaborate costumes.
		Oruro Carnival - La Diablada, the Devil Dance: Cast of characters includes devils, the devil's female consort, (China Supay), St. Michael the Archangel, spectacled bears and condors.
		Oruro Carnival - Los Caporales, Represents the slave drivers Some of the most beautiful young girls and the most handsome young men dance the highly energetic caporales dance.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/141977/text.html (3072 words)

	News Archive - Bolivia
		Wiñajpaj ADP has been working hard to combat the lack of water on Bolivia's high plateaus, with a strategy to improve the water supply in the Oruro municipality.
		World Vision Bolivia's RRT is already preparing relief kits containing water, water purifiers, shovels, temporary shelters, pillories and borers, clothes, medicines and other goods.
		Information gathered by World Vision Bolivia's Relief Team in Caranavi has reported that 200 houses were flooded with 10 collapsing, one owner was killed as a result and another severely injured.
	www.wvi.org /wvi/archives/lacro/bolivia.htm (1264 words)

	Worldisround - 2005: Oruro, Bolivia... Carnaval - Photograph - La Morenada
		So many of the fl slaves who were brought to the high altitudes to work in the gold and silver mines died because of the hard work and lack of oxygen.
		That's why today there is a large fl population in the jungles of Bolivia in the coca and coffee plantations.
		So, today you will see fl people in the jungles of Bolivia wearing traditional Aymara clothing and the fl women will were the bolo hats that are seen worn by the indigenous peoples on the altiplano.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/141977/photo25.html (331 words)

	Bolivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lesser used species of Bolivia and their relevance to sustainable forest management.
		Bolivia has undergone dramatic change in the last two decades...
		Bolivia was one of the first countries that showed the world that...
	interlingua.encyclopedia.st /Bolivia (299 words)

	Power and Violence in the Colonial City - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Oruro from the Mining Renaissance to the Rebellion of Tupac Amaru (1740—1782)
		Towards the end of this period, the analysis focuses on the Indian uprisings of the 1780s (the rebellions of Tupac Amaru) and the reasons which led to the alliances or confrontations between the actors of the distinct bands, either white or Indian.
		Oruro in the economic and geopolitical context of the epoch (circa 1780—1781); 11.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?ISBN=052144148X (200 words)

	Bolivia maps from Omnimap.com, world leader in map supply.
		Bolivia maps from Omnimap.com, world leader in map supply.
		Bolivia, Andes--Structural Map of the Central Andes (Mapa Estructural de los Andes Septentrionales de Bolivia/Carte Structurale des Andes Septentrionales de Bolivie).
		Bolivia, Andes--Metallogenesis and Mineral Map (Fajas Mineralizadas de los Andes Bolivianos and Metalogenesis de los Andes Bolivianos en Relacion con la Paca de Nazca).
	www.omnimap.com /catalog/int/bolivia.htm (1531 words)

	Travel photos from Bolivia, part 4
		Below is a continuation of an impression of the Oruro Carnival followed by photos of the Tiwanaka (Tiahuanaco) ruins.
		It's a shame that the Sajama volcano was of and on cloud covered as I passed it.
		The volcano is the highest point in Bolivia (6549m).
	home.tiscali.nl /deacon/Photos/Bolivia-4.htm (416 words)

	Bolivia
		Although Bolivia sits on South America's second-largest natural gas reserves as well as considerable oil, the country has remained one of the poorest on the continent.
		Bolivia: Government - Government Bolivia has had more than 190 revolutions and coups since it became independent in 1825.
		Bolivia's Indian revolt: the U.S. policies of economic globalization and militarization are failing.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107345.html (1217 words)

	Melissa Cribbin
		Bolivia has some of the highest rates of child malnutrition and mortality in South America.
		In Bolivia, 8% of the children under five years of age are moderately or severely underweight, 1% are wasted and 29% are stunted (UNICEF 1998).
		A recent study reported that the department of Oruro had a much smaller decrease in its infant mortality rate between 1976-1992 in comparison to the other departments (Darras, 1998).
	www.sph.emory.edu /GFE/1999/cribbin.htm (930 words)

	ANTITYPE - LoveToKnow Article on ANTITYPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antofagasta is the seaport for a ilway running to Oruro, Bolivia, and is the only available Itlet for the trade of the south-western departments of that public.
		The smelting works for the neighboring silver mines e located here, and a thriving trade with the inland mining wns is carried on.
		The town was founded in 1870 as a shipping rt for the recently discovered silver mines of that vicinity, d belonged to Bolivia until 1879, when it was occupied by a filean military force.
	69.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AN/ANTITYPE.htm (2627 words)

	ORURO - Online Information article about ORURO
		The capital of the department is ORURO, 115 M. See also:
		November 1906 provided for the construction of other lines, of metre gauge, from La Paz (Viacha) to Oruro, from Oruro to Cochabamba, and from Oruro to Tupiza, making Oruro the most important railway centre in Bolivia.
		Oruro enjoys the nominal distinction pf being one of the four capitals of the republic, an See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ORC_PAI/ORURO.html (740 words)

	Oruro Bolivia Oruro travel Bolivia tours Bolivia information about trips hotels and Amazon lodges in Bolivia
		There is neither panic nor any terror scream when the troops of the hell take for assault, with twirls and scatterbrained movements, the streets of the city.
		The Carnival of Oruro is an endless rosary of dances and faith.
		Oruro, with its 3,706 m.a.s.l., it is not only the city of the carnival.
	www.ecuaworld.com /bolivia/oruro.html (425 words)

	Welcome to iConnect Online - The Chaski in Bolivia: Today's learners are tomorrow´s leaders - A travel to the 21st ...
		It is expected that these technologies will encourage the participation of underprivileged children and young people from poor families in the outlying districts of Oruro, in Bolivia, and their inclusion in the information age.
		This will contribute to the participation of children and young people from underprivileged sectors in Bolivia, and to their inclusion in the digital era allowing them to participate in online discussion forums not only in Bolivia but also worldwide.
		Due to the success of the program and to the interest that it aroused, a letter of intention was signed last year, in August, in order to consider the possibility of transforming Chaski into a national experience.
	www.iconnect-online.org /Stories/Story.import5180 (3354 words)

	World Job and Food Bank -- Bolivia
		This project seeks to improve the living conditions of Bolivia’s poorest women and their families through the incorporation of civil society strengthening and community advocacy within village banking projects.
		Create the local capacity to define roles and responsibilities of both community and government in the implementation of problem solving, and to enable communities to formalize permanent relationships with local government in order to advocate for, and address community needs.
		In these deprived rural areas, families with a female head of household are particularly vulnerable: 94% of the rural population is considered to be poor, of which 26% are considered moderately poor and 68% live in condition of extreme poverty.
	www.wjfb.org /projects/microcredit_bolivia.htm (457 words)

	Enjoy Bolivia Lodging in Oruro Bolivia
		E-MAIL US Only during the time of the carnival (February), the hotel offer of Oruro is overcome by the demand.
		The rest of the year, the folkloric capital city of Bolivia, is prepared to receive, appropriately, to the tourists willing to enjoy the attractions of this city, that surpasses the 300,000 inhabitants.
		If you wish to visit Oruro during the party of the carnival, be cautious and reserve a room in advance.
	www.enjoybolivia.com /english/guiadestinos/oruro/ALOJAMIENTO_IN.shtml (183 words)

	BOLIVIA: AN ANDEAN CULTURAL ADVENTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		While it is true that some of Bolivia's mountain roads can be difficult in the wet season, roads do not present a problem for most of our itinerary, and 4WD vehicles will do the trick where needed.
		Afternoon: La Paz, population approaching a million, is the de facto capital of Bolivia, which is to say that although the much smaller city of Sucre to the south is the legal capital of the republic, most of the government offices are located here in La Paz, and most government business is done here.
		And Oruro is a town with important colonial architecture and museums, including an underground mining museum accessed from the back of a colonial church.
	www.rutahsa.com /boli-03.html (3631 words)

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