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Osage |
 | | The Osage also called themselves by their ancient name, NiuKonska, which may be translated as "Little Ones of the Middle Waters." The traditional history of the Osage puts them in the Mississippian culture situated in central and eastern North America, existing for thousands of years before the Europeans arrived. |
| | The Osage gave up over 100 million acres of land during this period. They moved to the new reservation in 1872 and settled in three main areas that corresponded to the ancient divisions of the tribe. |
| | The Osage had a very unique social structure designed to maintain social balance and control. The basic structural units of the tribe were its twenty-four patrilineal clans, called ton-won-gthon or u-dse'-the ("fireplaces"). Clans were both social and religious units. |
| www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/osage.html (613 words) |
