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Topic: Oscines

	Bird Health - Current Research - Sterile Bowel Theory
		The Oscines constitute about four fifths of the Passerine birds and are extremely uniform in their morphology.
		The Oscines represent an absolute extreme among birds and perhaps all living vertebrates in their morphological uniformity.
		The lack of major gaps among many Oscine families suggest the adaptive radiation of modern, advanced Oscines is probably quite recent perhaps dating to the Medial to late Tertiary period of time.
	www.birdhealth.com.au /about/r-sterilebowel.html (1656 words)

	AllRefer.com - birdsong (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		Song is produced in the syrinx, whose firm walls are derived from the rings of the trachea, and is modified by the larynx and tongue.
		The membranes of the syrinx are controlled by slender muscles; in the oscines, or song birds, there may be as many as eight pairs of these muscles, whereas other birds have four or fewer.
		Among the oscines are such superior singers as the southern mockingbird, the hermit and wood thrushes, the purple and house finches, the canyon wren, and the European skylark and nightingale.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/birdsong.html (393 words)

	ASU Research E-Magazine: Oscine Serenade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		While some birds are hard-wired at birth to sing a particular song, Oscines learn their songs as they develop, much like humans learn language.
		Studying birds in the wild is important to Deviche, because most research on the brain mechanisms that control singing in Oscines has been limited to only two species: canaries and Zebra finches.
		The ASU biologist adds that hummingbirds also learn their songs, just like Oscines, but they are only distantly related on the phylogenic tree.
	researchmag.asu.edu /articles/birdsong.html (1766 words)

	Auk, The: Major divisions in Oscines revealed by insertions in the nuclear gene c-myc: A novel gene in avian ...
		Consequently, oscine relationships at the family level and above are insufficiently known, and all taxonomic arrangements are controversial.
		The fully developed double pneumatic fossae in the proximal end of the humerus present in many oscines, but not in crows and allies or in the suboscines (Bock 1962), suggests the existence of a Glade including all oscines except crows and their allies.
		All oscine families representing the parvorder Passerida that we examined possessed an insertion of a single amino acid at nucleotide position 793 relative to the chicken c-myc sequence (Watson et al.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200010/ai_n8908649 (1286 words)

	ASU Research E-Magazine: Birds of Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The majority of passerines found in North America and Eurasia are Oscines.
		The Oscines are also known as songbirds, because they produce learned songs.
		Some of the birds categorized as Oscines include: swallows, martins, larks, wrens, mockingbirds, thrushes, orioles, crows, magpies, and jays.
	researchmag.asu.edu /stories/birdsong2.html (119 words)

	Auk, The: MIOCENE SONGBIRDS AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN PASSERIFORM AVIFAUNA
		All extant European songbirds belong to the oscines, which are assumed to have arisen on the Australian continental plate (Barker et al.
		The split between the oscine and suboscine lineages is assumed to have occurred in the late Cretaceous, when the South American and Indian tectonic plates became isolated (Ericson et al.
		From the early Miocene of Australia, crown-group oscines have been reported and even assigned to distinct extant genera (Boles 1995b, 1997), thus corroborating molecular phylogenies that indicate an origin of oscines on the Australian continental plate.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200410/ai_n9432352 (912 words)

	Ecoscience
		Darwin suggested that there is a negative correlation between song and plumage complexity, but this hypothesis, which we dubbed the trade-off hypothesis, has seldom been tested.
		Canonical correlation analyses were used to assess the relationship between a set of variables measuring plumage conspicuousness and another measuring song complexity.
		Factors such as the influence of habitat structure on the evolution of songs and plumages, predation rates, differences in mating systems and in targets of sexual selection, and experimental errors may explain the weakness of this correlation.
	www.ecoscience.ulaval.ca /catalogue/E_detail.php?retour=33&id=233 (251 words)

	FOOT-SCUTES IN NORTH AMERICAN OSCINES
		SUMMARY Foot-scutes of the Rufous-sided Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) are compared with those of 221 other species of North American oscines.
		A functional study of papillae and pads in the foot of passerines, parrots, and owls.
		I studied the large scutes on the acropodium and distal end of the acrotarsium because (1) in some families they vary relatively little intraspecifically (Clark, 1972), and (2) adequate samples of study skin specimens were available.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v048n04/p0301-p0308.html (3253 words)

	TOE FUSION IN OSCINES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In those climbing oscines with syndactyly, the forward toes are restrained in a roughly parallel orientation that pos- sibly helps to ensure a secure grasp on vertical surfaces.
		My observations of live oscines and of published photographs indicate that birds with low fusion vary the spread of the forward toes considerably according to the kind of perch.
		Although asynchronous terrestrial gaits (walking and running) are char- acteristic for terrestrial oscines, and synchronous (hopping) for arboreal species, there are many exceptions (Clark 1975), and degree of toe fusion is not absolutely associated with gait, except that walking is apparently exceptional in oscines with high fusion.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Wilson/v093n01/p0067-p0076.html (4274 words)

	Perching bird : Passerine
		Many of them are songbirds and have many muscles to control their syrinx; all of them gape in the nest as infants to beg for food.
		The order is divided into four suborders, Eurylami, Menurae, Tyranni, and Oscines, one of the first three of which is also called Clamatores.
		Oscines have the most control of their syrinx muscles and are true songbirds (though some of them, such as the crow, do not sound like it).
	www.fastload.org /pa/Passerine.html (171 words)

	Lady Gouldian Finch .com - Sterile Bowel
		The Oscines require an increased source of energy to maintain their high body temperature (2 degrees Celsius higher than other birds).They must eat (up to 30% of their body weight daily) and drink (25-30mls per 100grams body weight daily) relatively enormous amounts to maintain their energy levels.
		As well the food must be digested and absorbed as quickly as possible.
		Oscine the most recently developed group of Passerines which have a highly specialized vocal apparatus, songbirds
	www.ladygouldianfinch.com /features_sterilebowel.mgi (4365 words)

	Rednova NEWS \| Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We assume that these fossil taxa are outside the crown- group of Eupasseres, which indicates the presence of an ancient songbird avifauna in the Miocene of Europe, in addition to the few fossil Eupasseres already described in the literature.
		Among the numerous passeriform taxa we examined, only in the South American Pteroptochos megapodius (suboscines, Rhinocryptidae) and Xipholena punicea (suboscines, Tyrannidae), the African Picathartes areas (oscines, Picathartidae), and the Palaearctic Cinclus cinclus (oscines, Cinclidae) are the canals plantarly open for both the superficial tendons fp3-4 and fpp3 (Figs.
		We found the derived "six-canal pattern" of crown-group Eupasseres to be present in Miocorvus larteti from the middle Miocene of Sansan (specimens MNHN SA 1267, MNHN SA 1289, MNHN SA 1491).
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=102755 (2901 words)

	Passerine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Many passerines are songbirds and have complex muscles to control their syrinx; all of them (Click link for more info and facts about gape in the nest as infants) gape in the nest as infants to beg for food.
		The order is divided into two suborders, (New World flycatchers; antbirds; oven birds; woodhewers) Tyranni, and (Click link for more info and facts about Passeri) Passeri (oscines).
		Oscines have the most control of their syrinx muscles and are true (Any bird having a musical call) songbirds (though some of them, such as the (Black birds having a raucous call) crow, do not sound like it).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/passerine.htm (1012 words)

	Livid's Lividict - Oscines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		1 definition found From XDict English-Chinese Dictionary [xdict]: oscines n.
		1 definition found From WordNet (r) 2.0 (August 2003) [wn]: Oscines n : two names for the suborder of typical songbirds [syn: {Oscines}, {suborder Oscines}, {Passeres}, {
		1 definition found From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]: Oscines *\Os"cines\**, n.
	livid.3322.org /lookup/Oscines.html (242 words)

Songbird : Oscines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)

Songbird : Oscines

Songbird : Oscines
article at Free Euro Online Encyclopedia

It uses material from the wikipedia article Songbird : Oscines.

www.eurofreehost.com /os/Oscines.html (241 words)

	New England Bird Life Being a Manual of New England Ornithology: Part I. - Oscines - STEARNS,W.A.(COUES,E.)ED. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		New England Bird Life Being a Manual of New England Ornithology: Part I. - Oscines - STEARNS,W.A.(COUES,E.)ED.
		New England Bird Life Being a Manual of New England Ornithology: Part I. - Oscines
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	www.antiqbook.com /boox/mikesh/S2582-0394.shtml (77 words)

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