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	Kosmologika - Scientists - Oskar Klein
		Oskar Benjamin Klein was born in Stockholm the 15th of September in the year 1894 and would become the foremost of Swedish theoretical physicists in the 20th century and also an authority in the international scene.
		Klein's pseudo paradox later was resolved when it was shown that a particle-antiparticle pair is created at the potential, in the form of an electron and a positron, that has a tendency to move towards opposite potentials when the passing electron is passing by.
		Oskar Klein died the fifth of February in 1977 in Danderyd, Stockholm.
	www.kosmologika.net /Scientists/Klein_english.html (3225 words)

	Kosmologika - Vetenskapsmännen - Oskar Klein
		Klein hittade likheter mellan Einsteins gravitationsteori och Maxwells elektomagnetiska teori när fem dimensioner tillämpades i stället för fyra.
		Oskars fader Gottlieb (1852-1914) föddes i Humenné i nuvarande Slovakien, vid bergskedjan Karpaterna, och var teologiskt samt vetenskapligt utbildad.
		Oskar var det näst yngsta barnet i familjen.
	www.kosmologika.net /Scientists/Klein.html (2854 words)

	Klein_Oskar biography
		Klein's results were published in Nature in the autumn of 1926 and generated interest from such eminent theorists as Vladimir Fock, Leon Rosenfeld, Louis de Broglie, and Dirk Struik.
		Despite the so-called Klein paradox, that being that the positron was not completely understood by physicists, he was able to convince physicists of the soundness of Dirac's relativistic wave equation.
		Oskar Klein died in Stockholm, one of the finest theoretical physicists of the twentieth century.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Biographies/Klein_Oskar.html (2337 words)

	Oskar Klein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oskar Klein (September 15, 1894 - February 5, 1977) was a Swedish theoretical physicist.
		Klein was born in Danderyd outside Stockholm, son of the chief rabbi of Stockholm, Dr. Gottlieb Klein and Antonie (Toni) Levy.
		Klein is credited for inventing the idea, part of Kaluza-Klein theory, that extra dimensions may be physically real but curled up and very small, an idea essential to string theory / M-theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oskar_Klein (273 words)

	M Theory Visionists - Kaluza Klein Theory
		Kaluza and Klein showed in the 1920's that the Maxwell's equations can be derived by extending general relativity into five dimensions.
		Oskar Klein proposed that the fourth spatial dimension is curled up with a very small radius, i.e.
		In 1926, Kaluza and the physicist Klein proposed that the fifth dimension is round and not large.
	wc0.worldcrossing.com /WebX?50@198.JNLJbSiyQBd.0@.1dde6908 (1859 words)

	Klein_Oskar
		Kramers and Klein met several times during the few years both in Stockholm and in Copenhagen, which was to be Klein's destination.
		Despite the so-called Klein paradox, that being that the positron was not completely understood by physicists, he was able to convince physicists of the soundness of
		It was at this conference that Klein suggested that a spin-1 particle mediated beta decay and played a role in weak interactions in a similar manner to the photon in electromagnetism.
	www.educ.fc.ul.pt /icm/icm2003/icm14/Klein_Oskar.htm (2125 words)

	Amazon.com: Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures (Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures Volume): Books: S. Weinberg,C. N. Yang,Gosta ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The series of Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures is a must-read for those keenly involved or simply interested in exploring the many fascinating aspects of Physics.
		A special study reveals interesting facts on the callaboration between Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishima in 1928 and further, surprising facts on the treatment by the Nobel Committee for Physics of the prize to A H Compton in 1927.
		Oskar Klein died on the fifth of February 1977 at the age of eighty-two.
	www.amazon.com /Oskar-Klein-Memorial-Lectures/dp/9810203535 (928 words)

	THE OSKAR KLEIN MEMORIAL LECTURES Vol 1: Lectures by C N Yang and S Weinberg
		The Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures, instituted in 1988 and supported by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences through its Nobel Committee for Physics, are given at Stockholm University in Sweden, where Oskar Klein was professor in Theoretical Physics 1930-1962.
		A scientific biography of Klein, written by Professors I. Fischer-Hjalmars and B Laurent, who both knew Klein well, is included as well as an autobiography by Klein.
		The material on Oskar Klein makes the Nobel committee appear to have been possibly myopic not to have honored this modest and brilliant Swedish scientist while he was alive.
	www.worldscibooks.com /physics/1157.html (602 words)

	APS - 2006 APS April Meeting - Event - Einstein and Oskar Klein: The Fifth Dimension as a Bridge across Quantum Chasms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While at Ann Arbor, Oskar Klein developed a deterministic theory based upon the assumption of an undetectable fifth-dimension.
		With the rise of modern quantum mechanics, Klein, along with his colleagues, embraced the idea of wave functions acting in Hilbert space, and abandoned, for a time, the concept of an extra physical dimension.
		This talk will explore connections---conceptual and philosophical---between Einstein's and Klein's theories, analyze the differences, examine the correspondence between the two theorists, and delve into the reasons each came to embrace and abandon the idea of the fifth dimension.
	meetings.aps.org /Meeting/APR06/Event/47960 (177 words)

	Inga Fischer-Hjalmars - interview concerning : Early Ideas in the History of Quantum Chemistry.
		Oskar Klein was studying with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen for 10 years, I think.
		Oskar Klein was a fascinating personality, I mean even if he didn't work at just the kind of problems that we were involved in he gave us so many such wise advises that one should work in that way (58).
		(16a) I. Fischer-Hjalmars, Oskar Klein and the Molecules.
	www.quantum-chemistry-history.com /Fi_Hjal1.htm (10466 words)

	Klein-Gordon equation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was named after Oskar Klein and Walter Gordon.
		Klein and Gordon instead worked with the more general square of this equation (the Klein-Gordon equation for a free particle), which in covariant notation reads
		In 1926, soon after the SchrÃ¶dinger equation was introduced, Fock wrote an article about its generalization for the case of magnetic fields, where forces were dependent on velocity, and independently derived this equation.
	www.anime.co.za /wiki/Klein-Gordon_equation (423 words)

	80-year-old theory may explain dark matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This approach is similar to a promising 1921 theory that failed two German mathematicians -- Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein -- when they tried to use a fifth spatial dimension -- length, width, height, and time are the other four -- to unify electromagnetism and gravity into a single force.
		Kaluza and Klein claimed to have discovered electromagnetism hidden away in a fifth dimension shaped like a cylinder and too small to be observed.
		Ingraham and Cummings use a different argument -- the force Kaluza and Klein uncovered in their 5-dimensional mathematics was not electromagnetism they say, but an entirely new force, "an extra form of gravity." Like gravity, this new force deflects light.
	www.weeklyscientist.com /ws/articles/fifthforce.htm (640 words)

	Dialogos of Eide: KK Tower
		A splitting of five-dimensional spacetime into the Einstein equations and Maxwell equations in four dimensions was first discovered by Gunnar Nordström in 1914, in the context of his theory of gravity, but subsequently forgotten.
		In 1926, Oskar Klein proposed that the fourth spatial dimension is curled up in a circle of very small radius, so that a particle moving a short distance along that axis would return to where it began.
		The distance a particle can travel before reaching its initial position is said to be the size of the dimension.
	eskesthai.blogspot.com /2006/01/kk-tower.html (695 words)

	The SOFT Nucleus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oskar Klein used this 'periodicity' along the 'A-lines' at the quantum level to develop a quantum theory of five-dimensional space-time [3], but later abandoned his work after making other futile attempts to correct his model [4].
		More recently, Superstring theories have adopted the original Kaluza-Klein model (ignoring Klein's later models) as the basis of their own attempt to unify all of physics [5].
		In 1938, Albert Einstein and Peter Bergmann [6], and again in 1941, Einstein, Bergmann and Valentin Bargmann [7] demonstrated that the original Kaluza model yielded Maxwell's equations when the restriction limiting 'A-lines' to a very short extension in the fifth direction was abandoned.
	members.aol.com /Mysphyt1/yggdrasil-9/SOFTnucl.htm (3032 words)

	Quantum Field Theory via Max Born, Oskar Klein, and Rare Event Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I looked up Oskar Klein on the internet, and came up with the paper "Bohmian trajectories and Klein's paradox," by G. Grubl, R. Moser, and K. Rheinberger, Institut fur Theoretische Physik der Universitat Innsbruck, arXiv:quant-ph/0202098 v2 20 Feb 2002.
		The paradox arises because the reflected probability current exceeds the incoming current and the direction of the transition current is toward the potential step in a plane wave solution of Dirac's equation for an electron exposed to a high one-dimensional potential step.
		Cao's own bias is toward FIELDS with particles as secondary associated with fields (intuitively denser parts of fields, if that means anything), but by the time his volume is finished he has managed to criticize himself as well (a sign of wisdom if I ever saw one).
	www.superstringtheory.com /forum/dualboard/messages10/48.html (571 words)

	5D - NOTES
		Oskar Klein, "Quantentheorie und fünfdimensionale Relativitätstheorie," Zeitschrift fur Physik, 37, 12 (1926), pp.895-906; "The Atomicity of Electricity as a Quantum Theory Law," Nature, CXVIII, No.2971 (October 9,1926), p.516; "Zur fünfdimensionale Darstellung der Relativitätstheories," Zeitschrift fur Physik, 46, 3-4 (1927), pp.188-208.
		Oskar Klein, cited in Jagdish Mehra, op.cit., p.53.
		The corresponding part of this paper was written some time ago and without any knowledge of Klein's work, and it is fairly obvious a corollary to ideas contained in the paper by the writer to which reference is made ('Roy.Soc.Proc.,' A, vol.
	members.aol.com /yggdras/paraphysics/5dnotes.htm (2639 words)

	The Great Beyond: Higher Dimensions, Parallel Universes and the Extraordinary Search for a Theory of Everything (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many decades ago, Albert Einstein, Theodor Kaluza, Oskar Klein and other scientists dreamt of unification by means of unseen hyperspace connections.
		Kaluza, Klein, Einstein, and many other contributors over the past 100 years are discussed, and their work is described at a level appropriate for a general audience.
		Other scientists were more receptive: mathematical physicists Oskar Klein and Theodor Kaluza made higher dimensions an integral part of their attempts to discover a “theory of everything” that would tie together strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism and gravity.
	www.nasw.org /users/Halpern/great_beyond.htm (793 words)

	Klein Oskar Oskar Klein papers. AIP International Catalog of Sources
		Born Mörby, Sweden, 1894, as the youngest son of Sweden's first rabbi, Gottlieb Klein.
		From 1918 Klein frequently visited Copenhagen and he stayed there after completing his doctoral dissertation at Stockholms Högskola, 1921.
		The Klein-Nishina formula (1929) convinced many physicists of the soundness of Dirac's relativistic equation, in spite of difficulties, one of them know as Klein's paradox.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/5318.html (136 words)

	Talk:Oskar Klein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		If you disagree with the assessment, please change it by editing the class parameter of the {{Physics}} template, removing {{Physics}}'s auto=yes parameter from this talk page, and removing the stub template from the article.
		It is the Klein of Kaluza-Klein theory but not of the Klein bottle.
		It is also the Klein of the Klein-Nishina formula and the Klein-Gordon equation...
	www.syndic8.info /info.php?title=Talk:Oskar_Klein (313 words)

	Oskar Klein Celebration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We will have a meeting to celebrate the work of Oskar Klein.
		As an assistant professor at the University of Michigan 75 years ago he invented the idea that extra dimensions may be physically quite real, though smaller than ours, and that they could lead to the observed forces beyond gravity when looked at from our four-dimensional world.
		Even though no registration is required we would like to get an accurate count of attendees so we can be sure to order enough coffee, doughnuts, etc. Thank you.
	feynman.physics.lsa.umich.edu /klein/klein.html (190 words)

	Metanexus Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		So the reason we don't see the extra space dimension could be because it is rolled up to a tiny size (a configuration known to physicists as 'compactification').
		Moreover, adds Randall, "the fact that compactification of additional dimensions is not essential, that the graviton can have a mass in AdS space, and the fact that four-dimensional gravity can be a local phenomenon are all new developments.
		Klein computed the circumference to be about twenty powers of ten smaller than an atomic nucleus.
	www.metanexus.net /metanexus_online/printer_friendly.asp?ID=5728 (1884 words)

	Oskar Schindler by David M. Crowe, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 081333375X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This was Oskar Schindler, the controversial man who saved eleven hundred Jews during the Holocaust but struggled afterwards to rebuild his life and gain international recognition for his wartime deeds.
		Oskar Schindler: The Untold Account of His Life, W...
		Oskar Schindler and His List: The Man, the Book, t...
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/081333375X.html (522 words)

	Oskar Klein - Cleverpedia, the ultimate encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oskar Benjamin small (* 15 September 1894 in Mörby, Sweden; † 5 February 1977 in Stockholm) was a Swedish physicist.
		Person data NAME Small, Oskar Benjamin ALTERNATIVE NAME SHORT DESCRIPTION Swedish physicist DATE OF BIRTH 15.
		September 1894 PLACE OF BIRTH Stockholm DYING DATE 5.
	cleverpedia.com /Oskar_Klein (86 words)

	Re: Quantum Field Theory via Max Born, Oskar Klein, and Rare Event Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Reply to: Re: Quantum Field Theory via Max Born, Oskar Klein, and Rare Event Theory posted by OsherDoctorow on April 12, 2003 at 06:48:57:
		Paradoxes of other types, prominent of which was Klein's Paradox and the Kaluza-Klein theories.
		Concerning Klein's Paradox, I refer readers to Nickola S. Todorov's "Extended particles part II: On Klein's paradox," Annales de la fondation Louis de Broglie 25(2) 2000, 209-222 which is also on the internet.
	www.superstringtheory.com /forum/dualboard/messages10/50.html (389 words)

	FLORIDA PHYSICS NEWS : A Publication of the Department of Physics at the University of Florida - 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is a prestigious honor which includes past lectures by Nobel Laureates including C. Yang, Steven Weinberg, Hans A. Bethe, T. Lee, and Gerard ‘t Hooft.
		The Oskar Klein Lectures are sponsored by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences through its Nobel Institute for Physics and by Stockholm University.
		Professor Pierre Ramond was invited to give his lecture at the 2004 Nobel Symposium entitled “Neutrino Physics”, sponsored by the Nobel Foundation, held August 19-24, 2004.
	www.phys.ufl.edu /news/alumni/fall2004/facultyNews_p1.html (628 words)

	The search for extra dimensions Feature
		In the 1920s Maxwell's unification of electricity and magnetism, together with Einstein's new general theory of relativity, inspired Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein to suggest that it might be possible to unify electromagnetism and gravity in an overarching geometrical scheme involving extra dimensions.
		Inspired by this idea, Kaluza and Klein proposed including the U(1) symmetry of electromagnetism into this geometric scheme by adding a fourth spatial dimension, giving a total of five.
		Second, quantum mechanics, which was developing rapidly at the time of Kaluza and Klein, could be incorporated into the theory of electromagnetism rather neatly, but not into the theory of gravity.
	www.zamandayolculuk.com /cetinbal/extradimensions.htm (5567 words)

	Science: Goodness, gracious, great balls of fire - 25 December 1993 - New Scientist
		Kaluza-Klein theories, developed in the 1920s by Theodor Kaluza (in Germany) and Oskar Klein (in Sweden), were a natural extension of Einstein's general theory of relativity, in which gravity is described in terms of the curvature of four-dimensional space-time.
		Kaluza and Klein found that by extending Einstein's theory into five dimensions, Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism were included.
		It appeared that Kaluza and Klein had developed a triumphant unified field theory.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg14019052.100.html (279 words)

	APS - 2005 APS April Meeting - Event - To Wise King Ehrenfest: Humorous Writings by Oskar Klein and Others from 1930s ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Written in German, English and other languages, many of these efforts were quite pointed and clever.
		This paper will focus on several examples of these humorous contributions, including letters exchanged between Oskar Klein and Paul Ehrenfest in 1930, articles written for the ``Journal of Jocular Physics,'' and a well-known parody of Faust.
		We'll show how these pieces reflect the political and scientific climate of the era, and attempt to characterize the personal styles of the some of the researchers involved.
	meetings.aps.org /Meeting/APR05/Event/29217 (197 words)

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