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Topic: Oskar von Hutier

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	German Stormtroopers
		Oskar von Hutier had been commanding troops in the eastern front for three years and he began to imply his knowledge of commanding troops with other tactics used by other armies.
		Hutier had noticed that the normal battles would have a massage artillery barrage all along the trenches, and then there was an assault by the infantry on the trenches which resulted in heavy losses.
		Hutier was not the first to use this tactic for during the civil war of the United States the same concept was used.
	www.freewebs.com /historyfigures/stormtroopers.html (827 words)

	Oskar von Hutier - Questionz.net , answers to all your questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Oskar von Hutier (1857-1934) was one of Germany's most successful and innovative generals of World War I. Hutier spent the first year of the war as a divisional commander in France, performing well but not distinguishing himself until the spring of 1915, when he was transferred to the Eastern Front.
		Hutier had noticed that in many previous battles, the convention method of launching an attack, with a lengthy artillery barrage all along the line followed by an assault from massed infantry, was leading to diastrous losses.
		Hutier was awarded the Pour le Merite by Kaiser Wilhelm II and transferred to the Western Front for 1918.
	www.questionz.net /War/World_War_I/Oskar_von_Hutier.html (795 words)

	Oskar von Hutier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hutier spent the first year of the war as a divisional commander in France, performing well but not distinguishing himself until the spring of 1915, when he was transferred to the Eastern Front.
		Hutier had noticed that in many previous battles, the conventional method of launching an attack, with a lengthy artillery barrage all along the line followed by an assault from massed infantry, was leading to disastrous losses.
		Hutier was awarded the Pour le Mérite by Kaiser Wilhelm II and transferred to the Western Front in 1918.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oskar_von_Hutier (751 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Oskar von Hutier
		General Oskar von Hutier (1857-1934) served as a boldly effective field commander during World War One and was renowned for his efficient use of so-called infiltration tactics.
		Hutier was marked out early in his career as a highly promising military officer by Paul von Hindenburg while Hutier trained at the Lichterfelde cadet school.
		Hutier renewed his offensive at Matz in June 1918 but was quickly stifled by a highly effective French defence.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/hutier.htm (553 words)

	World War I - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Alfred von Schlieffen, chief of the German general staff from 1891 to 1905, formulated the original plan.
		The commander of the German forces was Colonel General Helmuth von Moltke, who as the chief of the general staff automatically became commander in chief in wartime.
		The new German plan was largely invented by General Oskar von Hutier and had been tested in battle on the Russian and Italian fronts, where it had been overwhelmingly successful.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761569981__1/World_War_I.html (19954 words)

	Dynamics of doctrine: the change in German tactical doctrine during the first world war
		For the rest of the war von Lossberg was legendary as the fireman of the western front, always being sent by OHL to the area of crisis.
		Although von Lossberg, it should be remembered, had been a critic of the fluid nature of the elastic defense-in-depth, Ludendorff called upon von Lossberg to rectify the situation at Arras and showed that disagreement did not destroy mutual confidence.
		After serving on the eastern fronts, von Hutier was transferred to the west for the 1918 offensives, during which his Eighteenth army achieved the greatest successes against the enemy.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/Lupfer/lupfer.asp (19562 words)

	The Greatest Generation: WarPeople - Oskar Von Hutier
		Hutier applied the lessons learned in three years of commanding troops to devise a strategy aimed at breaking the stalemate of trench warfare.
		Hutier had noticed that earlier attacks - a lengthy artillery barrage followed by a massed infantry assault - led to disastrous losses.
		Hutier was awarded the Pour le Merite by Kaiser Wilhelm and transferred to the Western Front near Arras in February, 1918.
	warisunlimited.wikidot.com /warpeople-oskar-von-hutier (497 words)

	tattiche - la tattica di von Hutier
		Hutier, comandante della VIII armata germanica del fronte orientale, quando questa venne incaricata di conquistare le fortificazioni di Riga, il 1 settembre 1917.
		In poche parole von Hutier ribaltò completamente tutti i principi della guerra applicati fino ad allora, e in modo paradossalmente logico risolse quell'atroce dilemma al quale si erano immolati milioni e milioni di uomini fino ad allora.
		E credo proprio che se Oskar von Hutier dal passato venisse portato su un campo di battaglia odierno, dopo qualche legittimo imbarazzo, non avrebbe alcuna difficoltà ad adattarvisi.
	www.warfare.it /tattiche/vhutier.html (467 words)

	Dates of History of 1917 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hutier & Bruchmuller use artilley on to break holes in the defensive line
		Hutier's 8th Army attacks Russian positions around Riga to clear the coastal salient
		Bruchmuller & Hutier capture Riga, remains in German hands until the end of the war
	www.badley.info /history/Germany-1917.country.year.index.html (550 words)

	First Great War - IBWiki
		Many in the Austrian leadership, not least Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph, and Conrad von Hötzendorf, worried about Dalmatian nationalist agitation in the southern provinces of the Empire; they were still haunted by the memories of the Piedmontese inspired campaigns against the Austrian Italian provinces in 1859.
		The innovative general, Oskar von Hutier, introduced new tactics on the western front, intended to seize the trenches and destroy the enemy right within them.
		Von Baden announced that the Kaiser was to abdicate—before the Kaiser had himself made up his mind.
	ib.frath.net /w/First_Great_War (7506 words)

	=[STS]= \| Sturmtrupp Soest \| Multigaming Clan since 2005 :: OskarvonHutier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hutier diente im ersten Kriegsjahr als Divisionskommandeur in Frankreich, wo er gute, jedoch keine herausragenden Leistungen zeigte.
		Dabei bezog er sich vor allem auf die 1916 von Brussilow in der Brussilow-Offensive aus reiner materieller Not angewandter Taktik der kurzen Feuerüberfälle durch Artillerie, gefolgt von einem Infanterieangriff.
		Hutier bemerkte, dass die konventionelle Art des Angriffs, nämlich langer Artilleriesalven entlang der gesamten Frontlinie, gefolgt von massiven Infanterieangriffen, nur zu desaströsen Verlusten führten.
	stsoest.u18-lan.de /index.php?OskarvonHutier (616 words)

	[No title]
		Prince Klemens von Metternich, believed that the key to making peace durable was the balance of power.
		Alexander von Kluck had swept 350 km (220 mi) from the German-Belgian frontier to the Marne River with such extraordinary speed that it outran its supply lines and communications network.
		Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, who was chief of the general staff of the Austro-Hungarian Imperial Armies.
	www.is.wayne.edu /mnissani/wwi/encarta.htm (18789 words)

	World War I
		Following the lead of Britain under Benjamin Disraeli, even the once hesitantly imperialistic Otto von Bismarck was eventually brought to realize the value of colonies for securing (in his words) "new markets for German industry, the expansion of trade, and a new field for German, activity, civilization, and capital".
		The absolutist Central Powers, led by a newly unified, dynamically industrializing German Empire, with its expanding navy, doubling in size between the Franco-Prussian War and the Great War, were strategic threats to the markets and security of the more established Allied powers and Russia.
		After the Sarajevo assassination, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, acting primarily under the influence of Foreign Affairs Minister Leopold von Berschtold, sent an effectively unfulfillable ultimatum containing fifteen demands to Serbia (July 23, 1914), to be agreed to within 48 hours.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/wo/World_War_I.html (4363 words)

	As501cape
		The most innovative tactics (aside from the use of tanks) to achieve breakthrough were developed by the German General Oskar von Hutier.
		General Hans von Seeckt reasoned that with a tiny army, Germany would have to rely on mobility and initiative to prevail The “roots of blitzkrieg” were solidly planted in the soil of Weimar—rather than Nazi—Germany.
		General Hans von Seeckt reasoned that with a tiny army, Germany would have to rely on mobility and initiative to prevail It would employ mobility, airpower, and the ability to concentrate rapidly to make up for its small size.
	homepage.mac.com /millhouse/ACSC/As501cape.html (2589 words)

	First World War : Exploring Essential Information, Data and Explanation.
		Otto von Bismarck, Germany secured her new position in Europe by an alliance with Austria-Hungary and a diplomatic understanding with Russia.
		Conrad von Hötzendorf, worried about Serbian nationalist agitation in the southern provinces of the Empire; they were still haunted by the memories of the Piedmontese inspired campaigns against the Austrian Italian provinces in 1859.
		Conrad von Hötzendorf had a deep hatred for the Italians because he had always perceived them to be the greatest threat to his state.
	www.llpoh.org /Styles_and_Architecture/First_World_War.html (5885 words)

	Russia Revolution 1917-19
		The badly beaten Russians withdraw as the Germans prepare to send in amphibious forces to capture the islands at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland, and thus threaten Petrograd.
		The Great War is remembered for its trench warfare, but German Gen von Hutier broke the mould using night approach marches, short heavy opening bombardments, rolling barrages, infiltration and specialised combat units.
		'Hutier' tactics were used with great success in 1917 against the Italians at Caporetto and in the 1918 Second Battle of the Somme.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1CampaignsRussianRev.htm (2000 words)

	Military Campaigns of World War 1 - Russia
		However German Ninth Army (Gen von Mackensen) has concentrated between Thorn and Posen on the northeastern border of the Polish salient, and attacks the flank of the Russian advance from Poland into Silesia.
		German forces include the new Tenth Army (Gen von Eichhorn) on the northern flank of East Prussia, further south the Eighth Army (Gen von Below), and Ninth Army (Mackensen) on the southern flank of the German line opposite Warsaw.
		As the Russians retreat, the province of Courland on the Baltic coast is occupied and pressure put on the Polish salient from the northwest and southwest.
	www.naval-history.net /WW1CampaignsRussia.htm (4742 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Kaiser's Warlords: German Commanders of World War I: Books: Ronald Pawly,Patrice Courcelle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pawly notes that Otto von Below was probably the best German field commander of the war, that Emil von Eichorn was the only German general to be killed in the war (he was assassinated by Ukrainians) and that Oskar von Hutier received credit for developing the new infiltration and short bombardment tactics.
		In terms of analysis, Pawly might have noted that these officers were rather elderly (the average age of the 21 profiled was almost 59 years old in 1914, and 6 of 21 were over 65 at the start of the war) and that only 10 of 21 had pre-war combat experience.
		While von Mackensen was one of the few to display some panache, none came close to the "lead from the front style" of generals like Rommel, Guderian or Model thirty years later.
	www.amazon.ca /Kaisers-Warlords-German-Commanders-World/dp/1841765589 (1028 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of Cambrai, 1917
		Facing the British attack was the German Second Army led by Georg von der Marwitz.
		Within hours the lightly defended Germans were forced back some 6 km to Cambrai, the three trench systems of the Hindenburg Line pierced for the first time in the war.
		Some 20 divisions were deployed during the German counter-attack, which deployed so-called Hutier infiltration tactics (named after the German commander who had first deployed them, Oskar von Hutier).
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/cambrai.htm (890 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Austro-Hungarian forces, reinforced by German units, were able to break into the Italian front line and rout the Italian army, which had practically no mobile reserves.
		The battle was a demonstration of the effectiveness of the use of stormtroopers and the infiltration tactics developed in part by Oskar von Hutier.
		Erwin Rommel added lustre to his military career leading a company of Wuerttemberg mountain troops during this battle and capturing 3,000 Italians, winning a Pour le Merite in process.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Battle_of_Caporetto (703 words)

	Country Information, a world portal on countries, politics and governments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, Lord Kitchener and Erich Ludendorff were among those who predicted that modern, industrialized warfare would be a lengthy excursion.
		Others, such as Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, were concerned by the potential social consequences of a war.
		When Moltkeâs reply was revealed after the war to General von Staab, Germanyâs Chief of the Railway Division, he saw it as an affront to the capabilities of his unit, and proceeded to write a book proving such a change was indeed possible
	www.countryiworld.com /wiki-WWI (9795 words)

	Technology during World War I Summary
		In the battle of Verdun in particular, German Chief of Staff Erich von Falkenhayn hoped to "bleed France white" through repeated attacks on this French village.
		In the end, the war ended through a combination of attrition (of men and materiel), advances on the battlefield, and a breakdown of morale and productivity on the German home-front due to an effective naval blockade of her seaports.
		Using new stormtrooper tactics developed by Oskar von Hutier, the Germans pushed forward some tens of kilometers and, by March 1918, the German advance came to the outskirts of Paris.
	www.bookrags.com /Technology_during_World_War_I (3181 words)

	Military History: Best/worst armies of WW1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After Verdun, Von Falkenhayn, a wretched man bordering depression, was forced to say the french were a mastering race.
		As I recall, the Austrian army outlasted von Moltke the younger.
		German army's discipline and skilled generals like Ludendorff,Mackensen, Oskar von Hutier etc. kept German army successful during the WW I(though they couldn't walk in gardens of Versailles before the leaves fell down).
	www.allempires.com /Forum/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=5927 (5212 words)

	World War I
		Under the political direction of her first Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, Germany secured her new position in Europe by an alliance with Austria-Hungary and a diplomatic understanding with Russia.
		The accession (1888) of Emperor Wilhelm II brought to the German throne a young ruler determined to direct policy himself, despite his rash diplomatic judgment.
		The Sarajevo conspirators were alleged by the Austro-Hungarian authorities to have been armed by the shadowy Black Hand, a pan-Serb nationalist grouping with links to Serbian ruling circles.
	www.americanfactfinders.com /War/World_War_I.shtml (4046 words)

	Oskar von Hutier − Wikipedia
		Dabei bezog er sich vor allem auf die 1916 von Brussilow in der Brussilow-Offensive aus rein materieller Not angewandten Taktik der kurzen Feuerüberfälle durch Artillerie, gefolgt von einem Infanterieangriff.
		Dennoch kehrte Hutier als Kriegsheld zurück nach Deutschland.
		Literatur von und über Oskar von Hutier im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oskar_von_Hutier (638 words)

	First World War - www.canadiansoldiers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The German state was a federal one, with four monarchies, six duchies, sic principalities and three free cities tied together by a mostly ineffective federal council.
		In 1890 the emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II, dismissed the Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck and steered the German Empire on a course towards expansion and isolation.
		Like the Canadians at Vimy the year before, the Germans organized their infantry into small groups and used small scale infiltrations (called Hutier tactics after General Oskar von Hutier).
	canadiansoldiers.com /mediawiki-1.5.5/index.php?title=First_World_War (4626 words)

	The Static Front
		The Schlieffen Plan was changed by Schlieffen's successor, Helmuth von Moltke (the younger), a nephew of the architect of the Prussian reserve system, after Schlieffen died in 1913.
		Following the opening moves in the west, the Germans and the Allies engaged in what has been somewhat inappropriately dubbed "the march to the sea." This "march" was more a series of small engagements fought as each side attempted to outflank the other than a straight march to the Channel coast.
		It should be noted, before we leave the subject of the mobility of the opening months of World War I, that the Germans had great success at the Battle of Tannenberg in autumn 1914, against a numerically superior Russian force, by using the aforementioned principles of mass and mobility.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/crane.htm (12262 words)

	Pour le Mérite
		The ribbon had an additional silver stripe down the center, but this ribbon was only used if the the leaves were given as an additional presentation to a recipient.
		The first person to receive the oakleaves was General Johann David Ludwig von Yorck on 10 June 1813.
		Adolf Friedrich von Oppen -- 6 Sept. 1813
	www.pourlemerite.org /medals/oakleaves.html (1369 words)

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