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Topic: Oslo Accords

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	Oslo Accords - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Oslo Accords were a culmination of a series of secret and public agreements, dating particularly from the Madrid Conference of 1991 onwards, and negotiated between the Israeli government and the Palestine Liberation Organization (acting as representatives of the Palestinian people) in 1993 as part of a peace process trying to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
		After a two day discussion in the Knesset on the government proclamation in the issue of the accord and the exchange of the letters, on September 23, 1993 a vote of confidence was held in which 61 Knesset members voted for the decision, 50 voted against and 8 abstained.
		The Israelis trust in the accord was undermined also by the fact that after the signing of the accord the terrorist attacks against Israel did not cease and even intensified, which could be explained as an attempt of the terror organizations to thwart the peace process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oslo_Accords (1849 words)

	Al-Aqsa Intifada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By signing the Oslo Accords, the Palestine Liberation Organization committed to curbing violence in exchange for phased withdrawal of Israeli forces from parts of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, and Palestinian self-government within those areas through the creation of the Palestinian National Authority.
		According to Human Rights Watch, over 1,500 houses were destroyed to create a large buffer zone in the city, many "in the absence of military necessity", displacing around sixteen thousand people.
		According to a count performed by Haaretz, 87 combatants and 42 non-combatants were killed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oslo_War (8022 words)

	How the Oslo Accords Have Harmed Israel
		The Oslo agreements also made possible the emergence of what the Forward once called "the world's smallest police state." With Arafat in charge and the West turning a blind eye, the PA routinely shuts down dissident newspapers, arrests and tortures Arafat's critics, and abuses women and Christians.
		Soon after the Oslo accords were signed, it became clear that the PA was aiding and abetting Hamas and Islamic Jihad.
		The Oslo accords have left Israel with a graveyard full of fatalities; thousands of orphans and widows; a demoralized populace; a strong, heavily-armed dictatorship in its backyard; and an alarming U.S. tilt in favor of Palestinian Arab statehood.
	www.cdn-friends-icej.ca /isreport/sept02/oslo.html (996 words)

	Oslo II Interim Agreement
		Under the accord, Israel was first scheduled to redeploy from the major Palestinian population centers in the West Bank (the "second redeployment") and later from all rural areas (the "third redeployment"), with the exception of Israeli settlements and the Israeli-designated military areas.
		Oslo II calls for a series of three further redeployments under which additional parts of Area C are to be transferred to the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, except for settlements and Israeli-designated security areas.
		After Oslo II, negotiations were initiated between the two parties and Norway on the establishment of a TIPH in accordance with the Interim Agreement, ultimately leading to the 1997 Hebron Protocol and Agreement.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1991to_now_oslo_accords_2.php (811 words)

	How Oslo promoted human rights violations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Oslo has effectively undercut the significance and applicability of international legal principles and key UN resolutions related to the situation on the ground in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
		Oslo's leading principle, that of exchanging "land for peace," is not the same as ending the occupation.
		According to Israeli researcher and human rights activist Jeff Halper, Israel can and still does control nearly every aspect of life in the West Bank and Gaza Strip through a strategic system of economic and geographic choke-points he terms "the Matrix of Control".
	electronicintifada.net /referencelibrary/hrdocs/doc_page36.shtml (923 words)

	[No title]
		The Oslo Accords sanctioned and perpetuated the closure: Palestinians are closed in from all sides by Israel and must obtain exit permits when they want to leave, having to face bureaucratic obstacles and arbitrary decision-making by the Israeli authorities.
		Family Unification after Oslo In spite of the commitment in the Interim Agreement "to promote and upgrade family reunification" in order to "reflect the spirit of the peace process," the Oslo Accords did not significantly improve the problem of family separation in the Occupied Territories.
		According to Ha'aretz of 14 April 1999, U.S. satellite photos showed that six of the new settlements were established on the eve of the Wye summit.
	www.btselem.org /Download/199905_Oslo_Before_and_After_Eng.doc (7067 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Stepping stones along the way
		Some of the strongest arguments in favour of the accords included the idea that, for the first time, the Israelis officially recognised the Palestinian people, the PLO and the Palestinian National Authority, allowing a section of Israeli society to rectify its opinion of the Palestinian people and their rights.
		Finally, it is said that these accords paved the way for attempts to strip the PLO of its revolutionary character and marginalise its role both domestically and internationally.
		The Oslo Accords have some shortcomings, but it would be wrong to blame it for all the problems now in evidence.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/397/op5.htm (940 words)

	Global Exchange : Failure of the Oslo Accords
		When the Oslo Accords expired in 1999, the interim phase remained incomplete and discussion of the final status issues now appears extremely remote.
		Although the 1993 Oslo Memorandum is considered by the international community to be the official beginning of the "peace process" between Palestinians and Israelis, the desperate conditions faced by Palestinians in the post-Oslo period show that negotiations geared toward a truly lasting peace remain in the future.
		Oslo I and II have been perceived by the international community as a step toward "peace" in the Middle East.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/palestine/oslo.html (888 words)

	Sharon Appointment in Israel Makes Death of Oslo Accords Official
		Second, is the role Sharon played in mobilizing the settlers movement against the 1993 Oslo Accords, in preparation for Rabin's murder in 1995, to prevent the threat of Mideast peace from ever breaking out.
		According to Harlech's plan, Jewish and Arab proxies would be used to purchase large blocs of real estate on behalf of the group.
		The Oslo peace accords between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization of August 1993 were the result.
	www.larouchepub.com /pr/site_packages/2002/sharon/1998end_of_oslo.html (3119 words)

	Who Murdered the Oslo Accords?
		The truth is, the Oslo peace accord of September 1993 failed, because powerful Israeli interests and their U.S.-based allies caused it to fail.
		The Oslo Accord signed on Sept. 13, 1993, was a political and economic program for peace.
		According to a UN report, in the weeks thereafter, P.A. GDP was cut in half.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2002/2915oslo_mrdrd.html (1889 words)

	Ariga:5759: U.S.-Israeli Intelligence Cooperation at Heart of Wye Accords
		Netanyahu, in essence, endorsed the Oslo Accords while making it clear that he did not intend to follow their logic.
		To begin with, the Washington Accords are the Oslo Accords resurrected.
		First, and this is particularly true of Peres, their public presentation of the Oslo Accords was too sweeping and too hopeful for the Israeli public.
	www.ariga.com /5759/stratfor002.htm (2423 words)

	Ariga:5759:HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS SINCE THE SIGNING OF THE OSLO ACCORDS
		Despite the stipulation in the Oslo accords prohibiting the parties from carrying out activity that would change the status of the occupied territories, under the Labour administration of Rabin and Peres, not only did the settler population increase by 50%, 1 but existing settlements were expanded.
		The settlement policy violates the Oslo accords by preempting the final status talks, but the agreement, by leaving the settlements to the last, also gives them a special status, and allows the Israeli State to create "facts on the ground" presenting the Palestinians with a fait accompli.
		The accords are not grounded in international law, but have been guided more by the balance of power of the respective parties, with Israel being the stronger of the two, and thus able to dictate the pace and ostensibly the final outcome.
	www.ariga.com /5759/law001.htm (4042 words)

	CMIP - CENTER FOR MONITORING THE IMPACT OF PEACE: REPORTS
		The peace process that is based on the Oslo Accords (and their formal culmination in the Declaration of Principles that was signed at the White House in 1993) is not mentioned.
		The Oslo Accords, the Declaration of Principles, the Taba and Hebron agreements are not frequently mentioned and not adequately discussed.
		Some are presented in relation to the establishment of the PA, e.g., the entry of the PLA into the PA territories after the signing of the Oslo Accords and the DOP in 1993 (National Education, Grade 6, pp.
	www.edume.org /react/ipcri/14.htm (443 words)

	Special Dispatch Series - No. 316
		Instead of treating the Oslo Accords as failed means of bringing peace, [for these individuals] these accords became the ideal for peace in itself, and the one and only key for a 'New Middle East,' prosperous and free of borders, and which was the object of their dreams."
		The fact that a part of the Israeli leadership is investing efforts in reviving the Oslo Accords while the other part is attempting to stop those efforts is creating a situation where the political debate remains fenced in the Oslo trap.
		Furthermore, Oslo's basic defect is the erroneous belief that it is possible to attain peace that is not based on deterrence with an undemocratic partner.
	memri.org /bin/articles.cgi?Page=subjects&Area=conflict&ID=SP31601 (831 words)

	Newsgroup exchanges
		The Accords stipulated the return by Israel of all Arab/Palestinian land taken during the Six Day War in June of 1967.
		The Oslo Accords were publicly announced on September 13, 1993.
		Rabin was killed when he was on the verge of implementing the Accords.
	www.jfkmontreal.com /foster_oslo_open.htm (754 words)

	The Oslo Accord of 1993
		No one knew that the document had been drawn up in direct negotiations with Israel, and the Oslo draft would be presented as an American proposal, and Israel and the PLO would instruct its delegations to accept it in full.
		When the Oslo Document was originally to the Palestinian Delegation in the Fall of 1992, it was rejected because it obviously constituted a bantustan.
		Misreported and hopelessly flawed from the start, the Oslo peace process has entered its terminal phase—one of violent confrontation, disproportionate Israeli repression, widespread Palestinian rebellion and great loss of life, the vast majority of it Palestinian.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/51a/index-b.html (446 words)

	Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Primer-Page 12
		During the protracted interim period of the Oslo process, Israel's Labor and Likud governments built new settlements in the occupied territories, expanded existing settlements and constructed a network of bypass roads to enable Israeli settlers to travel from their settlements to Israel proper without passing through Palestinian-inhabited areas.
		The Oslo accords contained no mechanism to block these unilateral actions or Israel's violations of Palestinian human and civil rights in areas under its control.
		The Oslo process required the Palestinians to make their principal compromises at the beginning, whereas Israel's principal compromises beyond recognition of the PLO were to be made in the final status talks.
	www.merip.org /palestine-israel_primer/oslo-accords-pal-isr-prime.html (896 words)

	FORWARD : Forward Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To claim that the Oslo accords were the source or cause of the intifada, of recent terrorist attacks and, more generally, of the current near-state of war between the Palestinians and Israelis, assumes that without Oslo, none, or at least much less, of this would have occurred.
		Furthermore, even if one assumes, against the evidence, that the pre-Oslo accords status quo could have lasted indefinitely, the judgment that this arrangement was acceptable was seriously wrong in both practical and moral terms.
		Yet nothing of these liabilities — which Rabin cited as undermining the Jewish state and thus as requiring the Oslo accords — was, or is yet, acknowledged by the peace process's critics.
	www.forward.com /issues/2002/02.09.20/oped3.html (758 words)

	The Oslo Accords and Israel's Nuclear Strategy
		Thus, the Oslo Process could have affected Israel's acquisition of appropriately "usable" nuclear weapons, and thereby satisfaction of its increased need for nuclear warfighting capabilities, to the extent that it would encourage Israel's deployment of such counterforce weapons.
		Should, for example, Israeli leaders, responding to the enlarged security risks generated by Oslo, try to reduce the perceived vulnerability of Israel's nuclear forces (probably by some combination of multiplication/dispersion/hardening), enemy state leaders could come to believe, erroneously, that Jerusalem was preparing for first-strike attacks.
		The foregoing Memorandum suggests that the Oslo Accords have indeed increased Israel's dependence upon nuclear strategy.
	www.gamla.org.il /english/article/2000/dec/ber1.htm (2571 words)

	The Floundering Olso Peace Process
		If the dying Oslo peace negotiations are to be revived, the Palestinians must abide fully by their commitments.
		The Palestinians have refused to extradite known terrorists accused of murders on Israeli soil--another violation of the Oslo accords.
		The Oslo accords established a five-year period of Palestinian self-government that would allow the two sides to build confidence in each other before tackling the most contentious issues in the final status talks.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Europe/EM528.cfm (968 words)

	MidEast Web - Documents and History - Oslo Declaration of Principles
		The Oslo Declaration of Principles was the result of these negotiations, surprising the United States and the world, and paving the way for the Middle East Peace process.
		Pro-Palestinian critics claim that the Palestinians 'gave away' too much, because the PLO was destitute after the Gulf War, and that the Oslo accords will lead to establishment of "Bantustans" for Palestinians, similar to the fictitious autonomous regions created by the Apartheid regime in South Africa.
		Zionist critics of the accords claim that the Palestinians really had nothing to give away, and that Israel gave away territory and security in return for Palestinian commitments that would not be met.
	www.mideastweb.org /meoslodop.htm (3253 words)

	List Of Major Plo Violations Of The Oslo Accords (Prime Minister's Office) - November, 1996
		This was the most grievous violation of the Oslo accords to date by the Palestinians.
		The conceptual foundation of the Oslo Accords is the rejection of violence and force as tools in the conduct of bilateral relations.
		Under the Gaza-Jericho accord of May 1994, the PA was permitted to deploy a total of 9,000 policemen (Annex I, Article III(3)), but in actuality the number of Palestinian policemen was nearly 20,000.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/nov96/pmoffice.htm (1251 words)

	"Israeli Operations in Area A: The State Department vs. the Oslo Accords"
		The October 22 request by the U.S. State Department spokesman that Israel "immediately" withdraw from and not return to Palestinian-controlled areas (Area A) implies that such actions are in violation of the Oslo Accords, that they hamper the prospects for a return to negotiations, and that they threaten the wider American war on terrorism.
		The Palestinian Authority is in wholesale violation of its commitments to combat terror, confiscate illegal weaponry, and end incitement, as a party to the Oslo Accords and subsequent agreements.
		The State Department's harsh criticism of Israeli actions detracts from the pressure on Arafat to crack down on terror and therefore fuels the conflict it is meant to douse.
	www.jcpa.org /art/brief1-7.htm (1042 words)

	FORWARD : Editorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In place of hope a new consensus has emerged, a sort of conventional wisdom that the Oslo accords themselves are the cause of the current carnage.
		A handful of Jewish extremists carry banners for the arrest and trial of the so-called Oslo criminals — meaning the liberal Israeli policymakers who negotiated the accord — but most of us are more generous.
		The architects of the accord predicted that rejectionists would resort to terrorism to try and halt the progress toward peace, and they were right.
	www.forward.com /issues/2003/03.09.19/ed.html (981 words)

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