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Topic: Ossetian alphabet

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	Ossetic language
		Ossetic or Ossetian is a language spoken on the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains on the borders of Russia and Georgia.
		Ossetian is an eastern Iranian language, the only one of any consequence spoken in the Caucasus.
		Written Ossetian may be immediately recognized by its use of the æ, a letter to be found in no other language using the Cyrillic alphabet.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/os/Ossetic_language.html (120 words)

	Ossetian language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Ossetian or Ossetic is a member of the Northeastern Iranian branch of Indo-European languages.
		Ossetian was first written during the 18th century with a version of the Arabic script.
		Between 1923 and 1937 a version of the Latin alphabet was used to write the language, and since 1938 the Cyrillic alphabet has been used, though from 1938 to the 1950s, a version of the Georgian alphabet was used to write Ossetian in South Ossetia.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/ossetian.htm (306 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Cyrillic
		The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced /sɪˈrɪlɪk/, also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages—Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian—and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe.
		As the Cyrillic alphabet spread throughout the Slavic world, it was adopted for writing local languages, such as Old Ruthenian.
		In some alphabets invented in the nineteenth century, such as Mari, Udmurt and Chuvash, umlauts and breves also were used.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Cyrillic (3560 words)

	Ossetia - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Ossetians, an Iranian-speaking people, are mainly Sunni Muslims in the north and Eastern Orthodox Christians in the south, where Georgian culture prevails.
		North Ossetians have been strong supporters of the nationalists in South Ossetia, and the leaders of both regions have called for their unification as a republic in the Russian Federation.
		Fighting in the region between Georgian and Ossetian forces was ended by a truce in July, which left South Ossetia under the control of the Ossetians; further accords were signed in 1996, but the political situation remains unresolved.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ossetia.html (701 words)

	The Georgian - South Ossetian Conflict, chapter 4
		Ossetian belongs to the Indo-European group and is distinctly related to Iranian (Farsi) but uses the Cyrillic alphabet with Ossetian modifications.
		According to Georgian sources, the Ossetians began their settlement in Georgia in the 1860s in the estates of Georgian feudal lords (hence one of the Georgian names for South Ossetia is Samachablo, after the feudal Duke Machabeli).
		According to Ossetian sources, 72% of the population of the republic took part in the election, which exceeds the percentage of the Ossetian population.
	www.caucasus.dk /chapter4.htm (6704 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Ossetians (South) in Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ossetians settle in the region of present-day North Ossetia.
		In South Ossetia, the written language formerly based on the Georgian alphabet is made to conform to North Ossetian practices (where the written language is on the Russian alphabet).
		South Ossetian refugees in North Ossetia are reported to live in homes of Ingush who escaped during the conflict with North Ossetian.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=37203 (2434 words)

	Armenia and Georgia, Culmen Europae
		alphabet for Armenian (and another one for Georgian) at the beginning of the 5th century -- in fact possibly during the reign of Sassanid King Varahran V (421-439 AD).
		The alphabet is largely based on the Greek alphabet, but Mesrop had to invent some letters for sounds that didn't exist in the Greek alphabet.
		A unique alphabet was created for their unique language about the same time that the same thing was done for Armenian -- in fact it is supposed to have been done by the same person, St.
	www.friesian.com /armenia.htm (4265 words)

	Ossetian Military Road - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ossetian Military Road highway, c.170 mi (270 km) long, across the Caucasus, S European Russia and Georgia, linking Kutaisi with Alagir.
		One of the two main routes over the N Caucusus, it crosses the Caucasian crest through the pass at Mamison.
		Georgian, South Ossetian agree to hold cease-fire despite shooting of Georgian peacekeeper
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ossetian.html (259 words)

	Languages : Indo-European Family
		Its alphabet (derived from the Greek alphabet) is used by many languages of the world.
		Moldavian is a dialect of Romanian spoken in the Moldova.
		It is one of the oldest alphabets in the world and has led to the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.
	www.krysstal.com /langfams_indoeuro.html (1875 words)

	Ossetic language information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ossetic or Ossetian (in Ossetic: Ирон æвзаг, Iron ævzag or Иронау, Ironau) is an Iranian language spoken in Ossetia, a region on the slopes of the Caucasus mountains on the borders of Russia and Georgia.
		The Cyrillic Alphabet (used since 1937): А/а, Ӕ/ӕ, Б/б, В/в, Г/г, Гъ/гъ, Д/д, Дж/дж, Дз/дз, Е/е, Ё/ё, Ж/ж, З/з, И/и, Й/й, К/к, Къ/къ, Л/л, М/м, Н/н, О/о, П/п, Пъ/пъ, Р/р, С/с, Т/т, Тъ/тъ, У/у, Ф/ф, Х/х, Хъ/хъ, Ц/ц, Цъ/цъ, Ч/ч, Чъ/чъ, Ш/ш, Щ/щ, Ъ/ъ, Ы/ы, Ь/ь, Э/э, Ю/ю, Я/я.
		The Roman Alphabet (used 1923-1937): A/a, Æ/æ, B/b, C/c, Č/č, D/d, E/e, F/f, G/g, H/h, I/i, J/j, K/k, L/l, M/m, N/n, O/o, P/p, Q/q, R/r, S/s, Š/š, T/t, U/u, V/v, X/x, Y/y, Z/z, Ž/ž.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Ossetic_language (610 words)

	Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe
		The repertoire is given, in an alphabetical order as found in the sources, and includes digraphs, trigraphs, or tetragraphs used as “letters” for alphabetizing, when a language is subject to this practice.
		Letters in (parentheses) are fundamental letters normal to the alphabet of a languages, used in writing native or naturalized (non-foreign) words, but which are, in the sources, interfiled with the base letter.
		In the case of Tundra Nenets, for instance, because ’ and ” are used as letters of the alphabet, it is fairly certain that « and » are used as quotation marks (as they are in Russian), even though the sources consulted do not give this information explicitly.
	www.evertype.com /alphabets/index.html (3504 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Ossetian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ossetian (Ossetic) language - one of the Indoeuropean languages (Iranian group).
		The total number of the Ossetians on the territory of the former USSR is 598 thousand.
		The Ossetian written language exists since the end of the 18th century, short epigraphs remain from earlier times.
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_oset.html (225 words)

	Untitled
		While the Soviet government found few ideological supporters in the province, the Ossetian alphabet was promptly changed to Latin script in a symbolic effort to erase the Imperial past.
		In 1937, at the height of Stalin's political repressions, the alphabet reverted to Cyrillic whilst a vicious purge of Ossetian intellectuals left few champions of the national cause.
		During this period, any Ossetian heard using his native language in public could be reported by an ethnic Russian for "speaking in tongues".
	www.1worldcommunication.org /mountainoftongues.htm (587 words)

	History and development of the Cyrillic alphabet
		It was invented sometime during the 10th century AD, possibly by St. Kliment of Ohrid, to write the Old Church Slavonic language.
		The Cyrillic alphabet achieved its current form in 1708 during the reign of Peter the Great.
		Four letters were eliminated from the alphabet in a 1917/18 reform.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/cyrillic.htm (209 words)

	Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		February 18, 1993: Georgian and Russian representatives meet and agree that the various conflicts in the Caucasus cannot be separated from one another and must be settled in a comprehensive manner.
		August 27, 1996 Shevardnadze and South Ossetian leader Chibirov met and discussed the political settlement of the conflict.
		September 1997 South Ossetian refugees in North Ossetia are reported to live in homes of Ingush who escaped during the conflict with North Ossetian.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/gsossetchro.htm (2670 words)

	Ossetian Software - Mac, Ossetian Software - Windows, Ossetian Fonts, Ossetian OCR, Ossetian Reference, Ossetian System
		Ossetian is spoken on the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains, which divide the Russia from the Georgia.
		The area in Russia is known as the North Ossetian A.S.S.R. (capital: Vladikavkaz), while the area in the Georgia is called the South Ossetian Autonomous Region (capital: Tskhinvali).
		Ossetian speakers number about 500,000, 60 percent of whom live in the North Ossetian Republic, and 15 percent in the South Ossetian Autonomous Region.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Ossetian.htm (181 words)

	Persian Dialects: Tajiki - (CAIS)
		Even more distantly related are languages of the East Iranian group, which includes, for example, Pashtu/Pushto, spoken in Afghanistan; Ossete, spoken in North Ossetian, South Ossetian, and Caucusus of former USSR; and Yaghnubi, spoken in Tajikistan.
		In 1928, the Roman alphabet was introduced, and used until it was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet in 1940.
		A modified Cyrillic alphabet was in use until 1994.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Languages/Tajiki.htm (1543 words)

	PB Language - Inscriptions from Murfatlar
		In the Kassogian alphabet the first character is a special vowel which sounds as "ua".
		That is not only underlined by the Alano-Kassogian appearance of the entire inscription, but also by the fact that in the Glagolic alphabet, once very common in our areas, the sound "r" was expressed by exactly the same character.
		Among the descendants of the Alans - the today's Ossetians, the word "uardon" means a 'church, sanctuary'.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/pb_lang/pbl_2_4.html (2824 words)

	The Pakhtu/Pashto Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Pushto/Pakhtu is one of the East Iranian group of languages, which includes, for example, Ossete (North Ossetian, south Ossetian, Caucasus Soviet Socialist Republic) and Yaghnobi (Tajikistan).
		East Iranian and West Iranian (which includes Persian) are major sub-groups of the Iranian group of the Indo Iranian branch of the Indo European family of languages.
		The Pushto/Pakhtu alphabet, which has more vowel sounds than either Persian or Arabic, represents the vowels more extensively than either the Persian or the Arabic alphabets.
	www.pakhtun.com /pakhtuLanguage.htm (990 words)

	GeoNative - Iryston - Osetia - Ossetia
		Russian and Ossetian names appear transliterated from their ciryllic scripts (Check the Alphabet Street section).
		In the conflicts of the Caucasus the Ossetians seem to side mainly with Moscow, both in the squirmishes of South Ossetia as in the Ingush and Chechen wars.
		Many South Ossetian refugees have fled war and persecution in Georgia and are now resettling in the Prigorodny region in North Ossetia, an area inhabited by Ingush before another armed conflict in 1992.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/9860/osetia.html (404 words)

	Ossetic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ossetic or Ossetian (in Ossetic: Ирон æвзаг, Iron ævzhag or Иронау, Ironau) is a language spoken in Ossetia, a region on the slopes of the Caucasus mountains on the borders of Russia and Georgia.
		The area in Russia is known as North Ossetia-Alania, while the area in Georgia is called South Ossetia or Samachablo.
		The more easterly Khorezmians and the Sogdians were also closely affiliated, in linguistic terms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ossetian_language (1514 words)

	J. Harmatta - Appendix 1
		During the last two decades H. Bailey gave important contributions to the historical analysis of the Ossetian vocabulary in almost everyone of his papers.
		The name asi is used by the Ossetes as the denomination of Balkaria where the place-names prove the former existence of a population speaking an Ossetian dialect.
		The etymology of Ossetian fäjnäg is unclear (the proposal of Abaev cannot be accepted) and it is doubtful whether it can be presumed in Sarmatian.
	www.kroraina.com /sarm/jh/jh_app1.html (4433 words)

	cyrillic
		The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced, also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languagesâ”Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainianâ”and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe.
		Bringhurst (2002) writes "in Cyrillic, the difference between normal lower case and small caps is more subtle than it is in the Latin or Greek alphabets,..." (p 32) and "in most Cyrillic faces, the lower case is close in color and shape to Latin small caps" (p 107).
		The Rusyn language is spoken by the Lemko Rusyns in Transcarpathian Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, and the Pannonian Rusyns in Serbia.
	www.correo.com.pe /wiki/?title=Cyrillic (3728 words)

	History of Georgia
		Georgian -- a South Caucasian (or “Kartvelian”) language unrelated to any other outside the immediate region -- is one of the oldest living languages in the world, and it has its own distinctive alphabet.
		In the early 4th century Georgia adopted Christianity, only the second nation in the world to do so officially, and Orthodox Christianity -- in combination with a unique language and alphabet -- proved to be key factors in preserving Georgia’s separate identity for so many centuries.
		Georgia has historically found itself on the margins of great empires, and Georgians have lived together in a unified state for only a small fraction of their existence as a people.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/georgia.html (829 words)

	Pashto
		Pushto is one of the East Iranian group of languages, which includes, for example, Ossete (North Ossetian, south Ossetian, Caucasus Soviet Socialist Republic) and Yaghnobi (Tajikistan).
		The Pushto alphabet, which has more vowel sounds than either Persian or Arabic, represents the vowels more extensively than either the Persian or the Arabic alphabets.
		With the adoption of Pushto as a national language of Afghanistan, some revisions of the spelling system have been made in the interest of clarity.
	www.angelfire.com /empire/afghan/pashto.html (976 words)

	IWPR: Caucasus Reporting Service, No. 364, November 2, 2006 \| The Tharwa project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		While the latter is still Kurdish by another name, the alphabet chosen for publication was in the unaccustomed Cyrillic alphabet instead of the more usual Latin or Arabic scripts.
		One academic from Europe speaking to IWPR on the condition of anonymity said, "The state seems to be distinctly encouraging the Ezdiki faction and has not latched on to the fact that Kurmanji and Ezdiki, which were the same language for the entire Soviet period, are still the same.
		Kharatyan says that she proposed a solution such as this to resolve this conflict over language, but was threatened by both sides of the Yezidi community instead.
	www.tharwaproject.com /node/10378 (3745 words)

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