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Topic: Ossewabrandwag

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	4 January 1939 - The “Ossewabrandwag” is founded
		The “Ossewabrandwag” is founded as an Afrikaans nationalist organisation in Bloemfontein, under leadership of Colonel J Laas
		The Ossewabrandwag (Oxwagon sentinel) was evidence of the surging Afrikaner Nationalism during the first half of the 20th century.
		When the Second World War broke out, the Ossewabrandwag (OB) opposed South African involvement on the side of the Allies.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/chronology/thisday/1939-02-04.htm (175 words)

	B.J. Vorster Summary
		Vorster channeled his activities into an organization called the Ossewabrandwag (literally, "Ox-wagon Sentinel"), which had been founded in 1938 to perpetuate the spirit engendered by the celebration in that year of the centenary of the Great Trek.
		Relations between the Ossewabrandwag and the National party, led by Daniel Malan, reached breaking point by the end of 1941.
		Having been repudiated by the Nationalists, the Ossewabrandwag subsequently entered into alliance with the Afrikaner party, which was formed in 1941.
	www.bookrags.com /B.J._Vorster (1840 words)

	Ossewabrandwag - Wikipedia
		La Ossewabrandwag (in afrikaans vuol dire "sentinella del carro trainato dai buoi") o come acronimo OB fu una organizzazione nazionalista sudafricana o più precisamente afrikaner esistente già nel 1938 ma fondata ufficialmente a Bloemfontein il 4 febbraio 1939 da Johannes van Rensburg.
		Infatti durante i primi anni della guerra, la Ossewabrandwag accentuò il suo carattere militaristico, creando un sottogruppo paramilitare di estrema destra chiamato Stormjaers (assaltatori, truppe di assalto) che traeva ispirazione dalle Sturmabteilung (SA), le truppe d'assalto naziste o "camicie brune".
		Secondo Christoph Marx,nell'articolo "The Ossewabrandwag as a Mass Movement" pubblicato nel 1994,furono tre i motivi del successo in termini di adesioni e di raduni che ebbe il movimento:
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ossewabrandwag (674 words)

	South Africa The Great Depression and the 1930s - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		In 1938 Afrikaners participating in the commemoration of the Great Trek had established the Ossewabrandwag (Oxwagon Sentinel) as a paramilitary organization aimed at inculcating a "love for fatherland" and at instituting, by armed force if necessary, an Afrikaner-controlled republic in South Africa.
		By the end of the decade, the Ossewabrandwag claimed a membership of 250,000 out of a total Afrikaner population of a little more than 1 million.
		In South Africa, several thousand members of the Ossewabrandwag, including a future prime minister, John Vorster, were interned for antiwar activities.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_the_great_depression_and_the_1930s.html (1296 words)

	Leader of the Ossewa Brandwag Johannes Frederik Janse van Rensburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		This Ossewabrandwag leader was the great grandchild of the Loyalist Johannes Frederik Janse van Rensburg.
		In the Transvaal the Ossewabrandwag operated two organisations: One was a cultural organisation and the other was the Stormjaers the later one was focused on performing deeds of sabotage.
		"The aim of the Ossewabrandwag is to found a one-party, authoritarian and disciplined state wherein the people will not be allowed to say, rwite or do as they please to the detriment of the People and the Government" Eastern Province Herald, 29 May 1942.
	geocities.com /Athens/Rhodes/1266/historical-LeaderOssewaBrandawag.htm (2889 words)

	Tafelberg Publishers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Maar die vernaamste beeld is die van ’n skrywer wat as kind reeds die drang na woorde ervaar, wat in die onstuimige tyd na die Tweede Wêreldoorlog te midde van klomp invloede haar onafhanklike stem as skrywer probeer vind.
		It is an autobiography that portrays in vivid detail a key era in the history of the country as well as the making of an author.
		The most important image, though, is that of the writer who experienced the lure of words virtually her whole life, and who tried to find her own voice in the tumultuous time after World War II.
	www.nb.co.za /Tafelberg/tbCatalogueDisplay.asp?iItem=3102 (271 words)

	THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH IN SOUTH AFRICA AND THE IDEOLOGY AND PRACTICE OF APARTHEID 1 &From "Notes and ...
		And then there was a third group who belonged to a semi-military organisation called the "Ossewabrandwag" which counted among its leaders the present Prime Minister of South Africa, John Vorster.
		This organisation undertook to sabotage the activities of the troops serving under Field Marshal Smuts in the struggle against National Socialism.
		Neither can it be denied that this ideology played a definite role in South Africa at that time - a role accepted and even honoured by many - nor that a ferment of it continues to work in contemporary South African society.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/misc/verkuyl.html (3736 words)

	Ossewabrandwag - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ossewabrandwag ("Oxwagon Sentinel") (OB) was a nationalist Afrikaner organization in South Africa, founded in Bloemfontein on February 4, 1939.
		John Vorster, who would become Prime Minister of South Africa after the death of Hendrik Verwoerd, was detained at Koffiefontein for the duration of the war.
		After the war the Ossewabrandwag went underground, but many of its members, including future South African State President P.W. Botha, rose in the ranks of the Apartheid government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ossewabrandwag (224 words)

	Apartheid's last, ruthless champion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		He went to high school in Bethlehem and to university in Bloemfontein but left in 1935 to become a National Party organiser.
		During World War II, he joined the Ossewabrandwag (Ox Wagon Fire Guard), a group sympathetic to the Nazis.
		As World War II approached, tensions mounted among those who believed that South Africa should side with Britain, those who advocated neutrality and those who sympathised with the Nazis.
	www.smh.com.au /handheld/articles/2006/11/01/1162339917745.html (976 words)

	chiel
		April 22, 1948: The funeral took place in Bloemfontein yesterday of Lieutenant-Colonel JCC Laas, founder of the Ossewabrandwag and first Commandant-General of the movement.
		A successful farmer, Col Laas had a prominent military career which he abandoned with the formation of the Ossewabrandwag.
		April 22, 1968: A memorial ceremony and an international flypast yesterday marked the 50th anniversary of the death of Baron Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen whose 80 kills made him the most successful flying ace of the First World War.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1998/04/22/editoria/CHIEL.HTM (819 words)

	LIT Verlag Münster-Hamburg-Berlin-Wien-London-Zürich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Ossewabrandwag did not achieve its objective of taking over the state.
		For the people who constituted the movement continued to exist, playing their part in a new state which had a lot to offer to Afrikaners after 1948.
		So in the long term the OBs true significance lay in its political socialisation of many people reinforcing their basically anti-democratic attitudes.
	www.lit-verlag.de /isbn/3-8258-9797-4 (86 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Obituaries - P W Botha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Botha established a reputation as a determined recruiter and as a man who could wield a bicycle chain effectively when breaking up meetings of rival whites-only parties.
		Briefly he was involved with the pro-Nazi Ossewabrandwag (Oxwagon Sentinel), modelled on Hitler's thuggish Brownshirts, which opposed South Africa's entry into the Second World War as Britain's ally.
		Botha was elected National Party MP for the Eastern Cape town of George, on the Indian Ocean coast, in the 1948 landslide victory that brought the Afrikaner nationalists to power.
	news.scotsman.com /obituaries.cfm?id=1619662006 (1068 words)

	:: C O N S T I T U T I O N H I L L :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A total of 46 were charged with murder, 18 were sentenced to death but only four were ultimately hanged.
		Ostensibly a cultural organisation, the Ossewabrandwag soon gave voice to an increasingly militant Afrikaner nationalism.
		Their military wing, the Stormjaers, embarked on a campaign of violence in 1942, blowing up pylons, post offices and shops and assaulting soldiers and Jews.
	www.constitutionhill.org.za /ConstHillMain.asp?nMainID=2&nSelectedSubID=5&nSelectedSubSubID=35&szCol=AF0B00 (1547 words)

	TomorrowToday.biz - Understanding the Generations - GI Generation
		In South Africa, these young people formed themselves into political movements, such as the Ossewabrandwag (1939), Sofasonke, the squatter movement (1944), and the ANC Youth League which forced the issue of the “defiance campaign” (1952) and Umkhonto we Sizwe (1961).
		The characteristics of patriotism and unquestioning devotion to organisations is well illustrated in the 1939 initiation ceremony into the Ossewabrandwag, exceedingly popular among young GIs.
		In South Africa, these young people formed themselves into political movements, such as the Ossewabrandwag (1939), Sofasonke, the squatter movement (1944), and the ANC Youth League which forced the issue of the “defiance campaign” (1952).
	tomorrowtoday.biz /mindthegap/gensgi.htm (3333 words)

	ZimObserver News Zimbabwe News Zimbabwe
		As World War II approached, tensions mounted among those who believed South Africa should side with Britain, those who advocated neutrality and those who sympathized with the Nazis.
		A paramilitary group within the Guard, modeled after the Nazi Brown shirts, agitated against the pro-Allied government of Jan Christian Smuts.
		Pottinger wrote, Botha publicly condemned the Ossewabrandwag, charging it with “interference” in national politics.
	www.zimobserver.com /index.php?mod=article&cat=World&article=312 (1912 words)

	Charlotte Observer \| 11/01/2006 \| Apartheid marked presidency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		He quit college in 1935 to become a National Party organizer.
		During World War II, Botha joined the Ossewabrandwag (Ox Wagon Fire Guard), a group that was sympathetic to the Nazis and opposed South Africa's participation on the Allied side.
		As head of the white-minority government, he told white South Africans they must "adapt or die" during a series of gradual reforms.
	www.charlotte.com /mld/charlotte/news/15898257.htm (518 words)

	Apartheid's champion dies at 90 \| The World \| The Australian
		Legend has it that as a 20-year-old political organiser he broke up United Party meetings while sitting astride a horse.
		In 1939, he joined the Ossewabrandwag, the extremist paramilitary organisation that supported Nazi Germany during World War II.
		Mr Botha avoided internment when he broke away from the organisation, accusing it of meddling in National Party affairs.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20685825-2703,00.html (1099 words)

	AllRefer.com - South Africa - The Great Depression and the 1930s - The Impact of World War II \| South African ...
		A neo-Nazi Greyshirt organization ha d been formed in 1933 that drew increasing support, especially among rural Afrikaners, in the late 1930s.
		In 1938 Afrikaners participating in the commemoration of the Great Trek had established the Ossewabrandwag (Oxwagon Sentinel) as a paramilitary organ ization aimed at inculcating a "love for fatherland" and at instituting, by armed force if necessary, an Afrikaner-controlled republic in South Africa.
		By the end of the decade, the Ossewabrandwag claimed a membership of 250,000 out of a total Afrikaner p opulation of a little more than 1 million.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/south-africa/south-africa30.html (1456 words)

	SA PROMO -Dynamic South African - P.W. Botha
		He began working for the National Party as a political organiser in neighbouring Cape Province.
		In the years leading to World War II, Botha sympathised with the German Nazi Party and joined the right-wing Afrikaner nationalists in the Ossewabrandwag, or Oxwagon Sentinel (OB).
		However in later years, with Allied victory looming in Europe, Botha was critical of the national socialist movement, favouring Christian nationalism instead, and condemned the Ossewabrandwag, charging it with "interference" in national politics.
	sapromo.com /content/view/1026/214 (1847 words)

	The Cinema of Manie van Rensburg: Popular Memories of Afrikanerdom (Part 2)
		Under the leadership of Hans van Rensburg, the Ossewabrandwag, (The Ossewabrandwag, or Brigade of Oxwagon Sentinels, a paramilitary, ultra-nationalist mass movement, was formed in 1939 after the Voortrekker centenary celebrations.
		The Ossewabrandwag grew massively during the early war years; by 1941, its membership had reached between 300 and 400 thousand.
		General Fourie of the Ossewabrandwag arrives on the scene and is seriously hurt after an explosion.
	www.kinema.uwaterloo.ca /botha981.htm (4555 words)

	FT.com / World / Middle East & Africa - Former S African president PW Botha dies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Nothing in his early years suggested he would become a reformer.
		He briefly joined the right-wing Ossewabrandwag, which rejected support for Britain in the fight against Nazi Germany in the second world war.
		During the cold war, Botha subscribed to the view that his government faced a “total onslaught” from Communist guerrillas and their allies, and must fight them with a “total strategy”.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/83d00b52-6930-11db-b4c2-0000779e2340.html (986 words)

	George Bizos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From there he went by train to Johannesburg.
		He disembarked at the Braamfontein railway station because it was feared that the Ossewabrandwag would have a demonstration at the central station.
		The Ossewabrandwag blamed Jan Smuts for bringing the vuilgoed (rubbish) of Europe to South Africa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/George_Bizos (870 words)

	Event Archive: Desmond Tutu - Commonwealth Club
		Nelson went to jail because there came a time, in his view, that it was necessary to use violence - it was sabotage, in fact, that they were using, against installations, not against persons.
		It's a good thing that you people here might remember that the state president of South Africa, P.W. Botha, belonged to an organization called the Ossewabrandwag, which was a pro-Nazi organization; and he was interned for his Nazi sympathies.
		Like most Afrikaners, your president needs a lesson in history, because your president says that these Afrikaners stood by you in World War II.
	www.commonwealthclub.org /archive/20thcentury/86-01tutu-qa.html (1028 words)

	South Africa Consolidating Apartheid - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		The government campaign to crush internal resistance was orchestrated by John Vorster, then minister of justice, and by General Hendrik J. (H.J.) van den Bergh, head of the Bureau of State Security (BOSS).
		Both were former members of the Ossewabrandwag who had been interned for pro-Nazi activities during World War II.
		Vorster and van den Bergh used new security legislation to put down the resistance.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_consolidating_apartheid.html (859 words)

	TIGblogs - Dumisani Nyoni
		Ossewabrandwag, or Ox Wagon Fire Guard, which was closely related to
		Pottinger wrote, Botha publicly condemned the Ossewabrandwag, charging
		By 1944, with victory looming in Europe, the Wagon Guard had become an
	dumisani.tigblog.org /post/60139 (3207 words)

	Chetty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Simultaneously though, there lurked the omnipresent threat of German incursions along the coast and from South West Africa.
		Within the country itself domestic terrorism in the form of attacks carried out by right-wing Nazi sympathisers in the form of the Ossewabrandwag placed the country on a constant high state of alert and the greater number of the Union Defence Force troops were stationed on the home front.
		Additionally, whereas Marwick writes largely of the potential for change in class relations, which is more applicable to Britain, in South Africa this takes on racial and gendered overtones instead.
	www.history.und.ac.za /lawsociety/chetty.htm (5470 words)

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