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Topic: Osteolepis

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	Old Red Sandstone System
		The specimens in the lower beds are not above the size of a flounder; but in the higher strata, to judge by the size of the scales or plates which have been found, the creature attained a comparatively monstrous size.
		The other fishes of the system, - the osteolepis, glyptolepis, dipterus, andc., are, in general outline, much like fishes still existing, but their organization has, nevertheless, some striking peculiarities.
		They have been entirely covered with bony scales or plates, enamelled externally; their spines are tipped with bone, and, as one striking and unvarying feature, the tail is only finned on the lower side.
	www.harvestfields.netfirms.com /ebook/01/035/05.htm (1659 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 140.830 Sarcopterygii: Osteolepiformes (2)
		Image: (of fossil) Osteolepis from the University of Birmingham, Lapworth Museum.
		Note the marked difference between this structure and that of Osteolepis.
		Eusthenopteron has vertebrae with an even looser pattern than Osteolepis, but with a short rib stabilizing the connection between intercentra and neural arches.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/140Sarcopterygii/140.830.html (1844 words)

	Robert Chambers, "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation," Ch. 5, 1844
		The other fishes of the system,—the osteolepis, glyptolepis, dipterus, &c., are, in general outline, much like fishes still existing, but their organization has, nevertheless, some striking peculiarities.
		It appears that in the imperfect condition of the vertebral column, and the inferior situation of the mouth in the pterichthys, coccosteus, &c, there is an analogy to the form of the dorsal cord and position of the mouth in the embryo of perfect fishes.
		The one-sided form of the tail in the osteolepis &c.
	www.stephenjaygould.org /library/vestiges/chapter05.html (1567 words)

	[No title]
		Among the unique characteristics which appeared in the Rhipidistian fishes were a skull bone pattern which closely matches that of the earliest-known amphibians.
		In the Rhipidistian fish Osteolepis, there are two bones at the roof of the skull which correspond to the parietal bones in terrestrial vertebrates, and between them is an opening for the pineal gland or "third eye", which in terrestrial animals serves as a light indicator to calibrate the internal clock.
		The Rhipidistians are also characterized by two moveable joints extending across the skull, one in the roof of the mouth and another at the base of the braincase.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hangar/2437/icthyo.htm (1008 words)

	New Page 13
		There are two recognised clades, the Tristichopteridae (Eusthenopteridae) and Megalichthyids, although the early cosmine covered ‘osteolepid’ fish (inc Osteolepis, Gyroptychius and thursius) are unable to fit into a clade and are probably paraphyletic.
		They are first seen in the Emsian or Eifelian as Cosmine covered osteolepids, reached their maximus diversity in the Mid/Late Devonian and by the Late Carboniferous only the large megalichthyids remained.
		Eusthenopteron has lost the cosmine of the osteolepids, has a somewhat diphyceral tail (shared with Gyroptychius) compared to epiceral tail of Osteolepis, has more angular posteriorly placed dorsal fins and an elongated snout (although juveniles have a shorter snout).
	www.btinternet.com /~vendian/FOSSILWEB/new_page_13.htm (383 words)

	Caithness CWS - Caithness Field Club - Annual Bulletins - 1977 - October - Baligill Revisited
		The first mention of it in the literature was in 1878 when Geikie (Old Red Sandstone of Western Europe) records fossils from the locality without actually naming it.
		The fishes he recorded were: Osteolepis macrolepidotus, Coccosteus cuspidatus and Dipterus valenciennesi, a self-consistent fauna typical o the Achanarras horizon.
		The present author (Fossil Fishes of the North of Scotland, 1975) recorded the fishes from Baligill as: Osteolepis macrolepidotus, Coccosteus cuspidatus, Dipterus valenciennes, and Cheirolepis trailli.
	www.caithness.org /caithnessfieldclub/bulletins/1977/october/baligill.htm (582 words)

	Devonian Times - Red Hill megalichthyid
		Osteolepis, a Middle Devonian relative of megalichthyidids ©
		Several specimens of unidentified megalichthyidids were recovered from the shallow channel margin at Red Hill.
		The reconstruction of Osteolepis is copyrighted © 2002, Dennis C. Murphy.
	www.devoniantimes.org /who/pages/osteolepiform.html (213 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 140.870 Sarcopterygii: Osteolepiformes: Tristichopteridae (2)
		Andrews and Westoll (1970a) discuss a supposed transformation series in the spine from the loosely bound elements of Eusthenopteron, with small pleurocentrum, through Osteolepis (large pleurocentrum, more closely bound), to Megalichthys (complete fusion).
		They argue that the arrangements in Eusthenopteron and Osteolepis are morphologically similar to rachitomous vertebra, but are mechanically distinct because of the larger notochord.
		They argue that this vertebral type would add mechanical strength to the spine, but would permit permitting substantial torque and flexure.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/140Sarcopterygii/140.870.html (2167 words)

	Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the dry season the lake would have become more saline as evaporation took place, food would have become scarce and mass mortalities of the fish would have ocurred.
		The fish which swam in shoals such as the smaller Osteolepis and Mesacanthus were often preserved in large numbers whereas the larger predators such as Glyptolepis and Coccosteus are much rarer.
		With the very high level of organic material incorporated in the sandstones, siltstones limestones and flagstones at this time, it is not surprising to discover that these Middle Devonian rocks are the source of some of the oil reserves in the North Sea.
	www.devonianfossilfish.com /education/education1.htm (375 words)

	Fossil Fish Osteolepis
		Osteolepis possessed two rounded dorsal fins placed posteriorly, and a heterocercal tail with a larger lower lobe.
		This large example shows all the classic features with incredible detail, including the pair of dorsals.
		As if that were not enough, there is a fine partial example of the posterior third of a second Osteolepis on the back – truly a museum-quality specimen.
	www.fossilmall.com /EDCOPE_Enterprises/fish/fishfossil15/fish-fossils-15.htm (205 words)

	Orkney Islands and Flood
		There is no reasonable explanation for how so many individual layers are deposited in such a short, turbulent flood.
		Below is a Osteolepis macrolepidotus from very near the Yesnaby Sea Stacks from my personal collection.
		It is from one of the stratigraphic equivalent of the darker shale beds seen in the photo 2nd above.
	home.entouch.net /dmd/orkney.htm (804 words)

	(Talk.Origins) Transition from primitive bony fish to amphibians - CreationWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Osteolepis (mid-Devonian) -- One of the earliest crossopterygian lobe-finned fishes, still sharing some characters with the lungfish (the other lobe-finned fishes).
		Had paired fins with a leg-like arrangement of major limb bones, capable of flexing at the "elbow", and had an early-amphibian-like skull and teeth.
		But there are no perceptible "toes", just a set of identical fin rays.
	www.nwcreation.net /wiki/index.php?title=Fish-amphibians (1664 words)

	Starlux figures, page 3
		Just where and when the painting was originally published is a matter of continuing investigation.
		An obvious problem here is that Osteolepis was a more advanced fish, with proper jaws, and he didn't appear until the mid-Devonian.
		Also, he was only about 8 inches long, the same size as Pteraspis, so he's shown a bit oversized in the painting.
	www.rubberdinosaurs.com /starlux3.htm (392 words)

	So called Transition from fish to amphibians
		Eusthenopteron's fins seem less foot like than those of Osteolepis.
		(See above) However the pectoral fin skeletons of all osteolepiform fish (including Osteolepis and Eusthenopteron) are nearly identical and follow general patterning that is more like tetrapods than like any ray-finned fish but such similarities are not by themselves sufficent to proove ancestory without substancal intermediate froms.
		It simply show that there some traits were once spread between classes of animals that are narrower today do to extinction.
	genesismission.4t.com /transition/fish-amphibians.html (649 words)

	Caithness CWS - History - Palaentology - Fossil Record In Caithness
		Further speciation of this genus about the junction between the Eifelian and the Givetian could have given rise to Thurius pholidotus in the Spittal Beds to become extinct in the Mey Beds.
		Thursius is, however, replaced by Osteolepis macrolepidotus in the Achanarras Horizon during which period it also became extinct.
		It is presumed that Osteolepis panderi speciated during the Achanarras Horizon to become extinct during the Spittal Beds.
	www.caithness.org /history/palaeontology/fossilrecordcaithness.htm (1027 words)

	Book of Life: Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There is a broad resemblance between the bones in the paired fins of rhipidistian fishes, such as Osteolepis and its relative Eusthenopteron, and in the equivalent limbs of amphibians.
		In the pectoral fin skeleton of Eusthenopteron it is possible to recognize the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna (forearm bones), and there is a less reliable match with some of the wrist and finger bones.
		It was about 40 in (1 m) long, and retained several obviously fishlike features: a streamlined body, a rounded skull as in Osteolepis, the shoulder girdle close to the back of the skull, a large tail fin, and lateral line canals on the skull.
	oscar.ctc.edu /access/geology100/life3.html (21310 words)

	Scottish Geology - Caithness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Some of the sites, including Achanarras are also type localities.
		Achanarella, Cheiracanthus, Cheirolepis, Coccosteus, Diplacanthus, Dipterus, Glyptolepis, Homosteus, Mesacanthus, Osteolepis, Palaeospondylus, Pterichthyodes, Rhamphodopsis, Dickosteus, Gyroptychius, Thursius, Cephalaspis, Microbrachius, Watsonosteus, Pentlandia and Tristichopterus.
		Trewin, N and Hurst, A. Excursion Guide to the Geology of East Sutherland and Caithness.
	www.scottishgeology.com /classic_sites/locations/caithness.html (374 words)

	Field Trip to Scotland
		Whole fish are rare and easily broken so we took back slabs to prepare later and all the pieces of broken ones to stick back together.
		We found examples of Osteolepis macrolepidotus, Gyroptychius agssizi, Dipterus valenciennesi, Coccosteus decipiens and Homosteus milleri.
		Friday 8th August was when we set off down the eastern side of Scotland.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/ecolodge/25/scotland.htm (2977 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Once the final selection of parameters has been made, users are presented with a listing of specimens selected within those parameters, and on further selection, identity data is given for each individual item, detailing age and location data, a lab code and a full-colour clickable image.
		Osteolepis macrolepidotus (fish) from the Middle Devonian period, Nairn, Northern Scotland.
		The key identifications system for the first time gives users the opportunity to identify their own specimens online.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122171 (607 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Three different Sinohydrosaurus or Hyphalosaurus small, swimming, Mesozoic reptiles from Liaoning, China.
		Osteolepis from the Devonian Old Red Sandstone of Scotland...a close relative and precursor of the first Amphibians.
		Modern Dawn Redwood is only found in China.
	drervin.com /Fossils.htm (190 words)

	Definition of osteolepis - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Click here to search for another word in the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
		For More Information on "osteolepis " go to Britannica.com
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "osteolepis "
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/osteolepis (85 words)

	Townhall.com :: Columns :: Townhall.com :: here are some flaws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The fossil record that confirms evolution - by Hrafn, Dec 29 2005 05:35 AM No commonsense, archeaopteryx is not all we have.
		We have: Fish to Amphibians (Osteolepis, Eusthenopteron, Panderichthys, Elginerpeton, Obruchevichthys, Hynerpeton, Tulerpeton, Acanthostega, Ichthyostega, Pederpes finneyae, Eryops), Amphibians to Amniotes (early reptiles)(Proterogyrinus, Limnoscelis, Tseajaia, Solenodonsaurus, Hylonomus, Paleothyris) Synapsid reptiles to mammals (Protoclepsydrops, Clepsydrops, Dimetrodon, Procynosuchus) Diapsid reptiles to birds (Compsognathus, Protoavis, Archeopteryx, Changchengornis, Confuciusornis, Ichthyornis), just for the highlights.
		Why don't you try reading a bit of paleontology before pontificating on it?
	www.townhall.com /opinion/columns/billmurchison/2005/12/28/180478/comments.html?comid=5907&f=item (771 words)

	Scran - Osteolepis pholidotus Traquair; A fossil fish; (Vertebrata, Pisces); Dunnet Bay, Caithness
		Scran - Osteolepis pholidotus Traquair; A fossil fish; (Vertebrata, Pisces); Dunnet Bay, Caithness
		Title: Osteolepis pholidotus Traquair; A fossil fish; (Vertebrata, Pisces); Dunnet Bay, Caithness
		Select an area of text and click Go
	www.scran.ac.uk /database/record.php?usi=000-000-521-910-C (106 words)

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