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Topic: Ostmarks

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	vrag ostmark
		verdenskrig startede, blev en stor del af de franske skibe overhændet til tyskerne mere eller mindre frivilligt, "Cote d´Argent" som skibet dengang hed, blev til Ostmark (søsterskibet "Cote d´Azur" blev til "Elsass" og ligger sunket nord for Røsnæs).
		Ostmark havde igennem krigen flere forskellige militære funktioner og var til sidst udrustet som minelægger.
		Det var broen og forskibet, der blev bombet kraftigst og denne ende af skibet nåede at brændte voldsomt, inden havet til sidst fik overtaget og gjorde en ende på Ostmarks dødskamp.
	vrag.dk /vrag/ostmark.html (478 words)

	Ostmark
		The Ostmark, or East German mark was the currency of East Germany.
		It was officially valued by the East German government at parity with the Deutsche Mark, but it was never freely convertible.
		Ostmark ("eastern border province") was also an old term for Austria, later revived by the Nazis after the Anschluss of 1938.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/o/os/ostmark.html (200 words)

	GERMANY, EAST, (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The decline of the East German currency, the ostmark, mirrored the problems in the GDR economy.
		Thereafter, redemptions were permitted on a two (ostmarks) for one (mark) basis.
		The free market placed an even lower value on the ostmark for those who held large amounts of the outmoded currency, because the West Germans declined to subsidize the currency dealings of large traders.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=210338 (2798 words)

	East German mark - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The East German mark (German language: Mark der DDR), commonly called Ostmark, "Eastern mark", was the currency of East Germany.
		It was officially valued by the East German government at parity with the Deutsche Mark, but it was never freely convertible.
		Visitors to East Germany were required to exchange Deutsche Marks with Ostmarks at this ratio.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/East_German_mark (247 words)

	Ostmarks
		ostmarks is a valid word in this word list.
		Words within ostmarks not shown as it has more than seven letters.
		All words formed from ostmarks by changing one letter
	www.morewords.com /word/ostmarks (188 words)

	Berlin Wall Memories: The Wall by David Kublick
		Ostmarks, Eastmarks—I’d heard the going rate was three-and-a-half, but what the hell, first time in Berlin I’d been spoken to.
		Harry was right about my near-useless Ostmarks, but I noted that apparently- equivalent goods and services cost about the same in marks, East or West, on both sides of the city.
		One beautiful day in mid-July, as I sat nursing a cup of coffee at a sidewalk café, I saw a lad at the next table who’d just eaten lunch pay for it with what appeared to be Ostmarks, and as he paid he waved an American passport under the waiter's nose.
	www.dailysoft.com /berlinwall/memories/memories_06.htm (2625 words)

	Ostmark (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ostmark, nebo Východoněmecká značka byla měna Východního Německa.
		Návštěvníci ve východním Německu byli děláni k výměnným Deutsche značkám s Ostmarks u tohoto poměru.
		Ostmark (“provincie východní hranice”) byla také starý termín pro Rakousko, později oživil nacisty po Anschluss 1938.
	wikipedia.infostar.cz /o/os/ostmark.html (164 words)

	Tourism in East Germany
		Gifts up to the value of 200 ostmarks could be imported.
		Contrary to the expectations of Westerners who envisioned East Germany as run down, Interhotel's branches (especially the Metropol and Grand hotels in East Berlin, the Bellevue in Dresden and the the Merkur in Leipzig) were fully up to international standards.
		A room with a bath would cost 5 or 10 more ostmarks.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/t/to/tourism_in_east_germany.html (490 words)

	Estonian History
		Besides the German state and Ostmarks also different kinds of Russian rubles were in circulation in Estonia at that time.
		As for its exchange rate it was to be equal to the Ostmark or 50 kopecks.
		The notes were to be printed in 5,10, 20, and 50 penni and 1, 3, 5,10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 mark bills, while the amount of emission was to be fixed by the Provisional Government.
	www.infonet.ee /~rudich/Text_files/Articles/Eesti_history.htm (3977 words)

	Amazon.com: Ostmarks
		Staat und Kirche in der "Ostmark" (Veroffentlichungen des Internationalen Forschungszentrums fur Grundfragen der Wissenschaften Salzburg) (Hardcover - 1998)
		Heinrich der Erlauchte (1218-1288), Markgraf von Meissen und der Ostmark (1221-1288), Landgraf von Thuringen und Pfalzgraf von Sachsen (1247-1263) (Erlanger Studien) by Wolf Rudolf Lutz (Paperback - 1977)
		NS-Zwangsarbeit in der Elektrizitätswirtschaft der 'Ostmark', 1938-1945 by Oliver Rathkolb and Florian Freund (Hardcover - Jan 1, 2002)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Ostmarks&index=blended&page=1 (293 words)

	Britain honours its prized friend within the Bundesbank
		He then moved to the Bundesbank as a council member in 1990 where he was given responsibility for negotiating the introduction of the D-mark in former East Germany.
		The decision to swap D-marks for Ostmarks on a one-for-one basis was vigorously opposed by Karl Otto Poehl, Bundesbank president at the time, but his warnings were ignored.
		Mr Tietmeyer is willing to draw on the German experience to warn Europe against the dangers of a hasty and ill-thought-out move towards a single currency.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/12/16/ctie16.html (451 words)

	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Crime -- especially youth-related -- is crippling, and the police force struggles against a lack of funding and a high mortality rate.
		Sinaasappel's national animal is the penguin, which frolics freely in the nation's many lush forests, and its currency is the ostmark.
		Sinaasappel is ranked 9th in the region and 84,199th in the world for Largest Automobile Manufacturing Sector.
	www.nationstates.net /-1/page=display_nation/nation=sinaasappel (198 words)

	The treasure hunting site - Germany Destroys Communist Cash in Nazi Tunnel
		Officially at par with the West German mark during the Cold War, Ostmarks were worth a fraction of that on the fl market.
		The KfW said it decided not to sell the notes to collectors because it would upset the market for Ostmarks, which have already fallen in value following the mysterious glut of strange smelling notes.
		Hanging on the rock wall of the tunnel is a small photo of late communist East German leader Erich Honecker.
	www.treasure-hunter.de /html/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=102 (830 words)

	Germany, Federal Republic of - MSN Encarta
		The basic unit of currency in East Germany was the East German mark, or ostmark, subdivided into 100 pfennigs.
		In July 1990 the currencies of East and West Germany were merged.
		Most East Germans were allowed to redeem up to 4,000 ostmarks for West German marks, or Deutsche marks (DM), at par, and to exchange additional ostmarks for West German currency at a two-for-one ratio.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576917_5/Germany_Federal_Republic_of.html (667 words)

	Dornbush and Wolf on East German Reconstruction
		In the year prior to reform, the fl market rate "...seven ostmarks to the deutsche mark, slowly falling off toward the conversion date in response to the public discussion of likely conversion rates" (Dornbusch and Wolf, p.159).
		The monetary conversion did not involve a transfer from the West to the East.
		Actual deutsche mark cash needed to meet withdrawals was borrowed from the Bundesbank at the discount rate.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/Economics/Transit/Overview/trans_overview_east_germ.htm (3056 words)

	TheStreet.com: U.K.'s Ounce of Smarts Is Worth a Pound of Cure
		Germany's 1991 reunification involved exchanging the virtually worthless ostmarks of the former East Germany for West German deutsche marks on a one-for-one basis.
		This expanded the German money supply by the quantity of ostmarks exchanged, and it triggered a round of rate increases by the Bundesbank, Germany's central bank, to forestall inflation.
		Other European countries were compelled to follow suit in order to keep their currencies in a tight band against the mark within the European Monetary System.
	www.thestreet.com /comment/futures/1513644.html (980 words)

	printarticle.
		State-owned bank Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau (KfW), which took responsibility for the cash in 1994 when it acquired the Staatsbank, thought the cash would stay out of reach forever.
		Ironically, the communist money physically outlived Germany's treasured deutschemark, shredded with the January introduction of the euro.
		Officially at par with the West German mark during the Cold War, ostmarks were worth a fraction of that on the flmarket.
	www.theage.com.au /cgi-bin/common/printArticle.pl?path=/articles/2002/06/24/1023864553016.html (491 words)

	The Bruges Group
		Their fate would be similar to that of the East German Ostmark after currency union in July 1990.
		Unification in monetary terms, in July 1990, was successful; the deutschmark replaced the ostmark.
		But the level of growth and employment in the former East Germany increased markedly because the ostmark, at the point of abolition, was grotesquely overvalued in relation to the deutschmark.
	www.brugesgroup.com /mediacentre/index.live?article=74 (11307 words)

	Currency Conversion for the Germanies with Unification
		Because of the scarcity of goods other than necessities the East Germans had accumulated the unspendable Ostmarks in savings accounts.
		Savings in excess of 4000 Ostmarks per person were converted at a two Ostmark to one Deutschemark ratio
		It is no wonder that the head of the Bundesbank, Karl Otto Pohl, called the conversion scheme a disaster.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/germancurrency.htm (501 words)

	Korean Unification
		The Koreans are keenly aware of the economic and political changes unification will bring; Germans and Europeans were starry eyed with the end of the cold war.
		Nor is the Korean central bank likely to repeat the Bundesbanks' foolish policy of exchanging Deutschmarks for wooden-nickel Ostmarks, which set off a bout of inflation and induced a recession.
		Does anyone really believe the North Korean Won is worth the official rate of $2.50?
	www.chosin.com /military.html (974 words)

	Historical US Dollars to German Marks currency conversion
		The "Mark der DDR" commonly called Ostmark, "Eastern mark", was intended for internal use only, and was never freely convertible with foreign currencies ("valuta" was used for that instead).
		It was always officially valued by the East German government at 1:1 with the West Deutsche Mark.
		Visitors to East Germany were required to exchange Deutsche Marks with Ostmarks at 1:1.
	www.history.ucsb.edu /faculty/marcuse/projects/currency.htm (1123 words)

	Tourism in East Germany - Gurupedia
		Gifts up to the value of 200 ostmarks could be imported.
		This was not based on the price the traveller would have paid for them at home, but rather the price the item would sell for in East Germany.
		A room with a bath would cost 5 or 10 more ostmarks.
	www.gurupedia.com /t/to/tourism_in_east_germany.htm (523 words)

	The treasure hunting site - Germany Destroys Communist Cash in Nazi Tunnel
		Haase, who comes from the eastern city of Dresden, said he earned 1,200 Ostmarks a month at the end of the East German era.
		Lutz-Peter Rehberg, walking behind a tractor carefully picking up notes from the tunnel floor, said the Ostmark had greater sentimental significance to him than the Deutschemark.
		He would turn in his grave if he knew that Ostmarks are today even used as currency in a distinctly capitalist board game -- Monopoly.
	www.treasure-hunter.org /html/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=102 (830 words)

	Econ 372
		The West Germans offered their East German counterparts well-established legal and accounting standards, a stable financial system, a supply of entrepreneurs, access to global markets, extensive transportation and communication infrastructure, and a social safety net.
		Efficiency would have implied an exchange rate somewhere in the area of 5 Ostmarks per D-Mark (as judged by the fl market rate and the pricing of East German goods on the world market).
		Such an exchange rate would have left many East Germans with much less purchasing power than West Germans.
	www.marietta.edu /~delemeeg/econ372/s5as2002.html (416 words)

	German economy remains two-speed, a decade after East rejoined West - Oct. 5, 2000
		This only exacerbated the divide between the economies: while already-doddery firms in the former communist German Democratic Republic saw their orders dry up, western outfits enjoyed a boom.
		Leaman calculates a fairer currency exchange ratio on the basis of relative productivity would have been 5 ostmarks for every Deutsche mark.
		As a result of the switch to an open economy, East German GNP fell by 44.2 percent in 1990 to 1991.
	money.cnn.com /2000/10/05/europe/reunification/index.htm (1143 words)

	Daimnation!: Pac-Comrade
		It's always fascinating, and almost touching, to see the way bureaucrats in the worker's paradise tried to come up with half-assed copies of Western consumer goods to try and keep the masses happy.
		This 'Ostaligie' site is in German, but the links on the left-hand side of the page take you to dozens of photos showing what the good people of East Germany could buy with their hard-earned ostmarks.
		There mere thought of East German lemonade or instant coffee is a pretty good appetite suppressant.
	www.damianpenny.com /archived/002942.html (151 words)

	ViewsWire
		Another was to pay east German workers far more than their productivity initially justified.
		Their wages in old Ostmarks were converted into West German D-marks at a generous exchange rate of one- for-one.
		Unions then sought successfully to bring eastern wages closer to western levels, despite the continuing gap in productivity between east and west.
	www.eiu.com /index.asp?layout=VWArticleVW3&article_id=1344558134 (921 words)

	[A-List] RE: A Request related with the German Elections (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Its strong manufacturing industry and well-trained workforce suggests that the supply side of the economy is in reasonable shape.
		But the economy has suffered from two serious macro-economic mistakes in the past 15 years - the one-for-one exchange rate for ostmarks and deutschemarks at the time of reunification and the mark's overvalued exchange rate at the launch of the euro.
		Lafontaine has always said that Germany needs a more reflationary economic policy: yesterday's results suggest that people are now starting to listen.
	lists.econ.utah.edu /pipermail/a-list/2005-September/057920.html (379 words)

	Yes, Let's Get Together, But . . . \| TIME
		Across the border, meanwhile, West Germans are starting to fret about the high costs of adopting their poor relations.
		Last week's agreement between the two countries to start immediate negotiations to replace the East German ostmark with the West German deutsche mark provided the starkest reminder yet of the downside of unification.
		The damage will be worse if the exchange rate is closer to the more realistic 10 to 1 offered on the fl market.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,969500,00.html (730 words)

	[No title]
		That was the promised dream, that agriculture, industry and science would strive together for a prosperous future.
		All these things -- plus more personal keepsakes like photographs and keys -- were meant to represent a life that had been rightfully and irrevocably ended, but one that could nevertheless have left behind a valuable legacy.
		Many had more than enough ostmarks to get things like the East German car called the Trabant, but one had to wait for years for even a used one.
	english.ohmynews.com /articleview/article_print.asp?menu=c10400&no=223269&rel_no=1&isPrint=print (1430 words)

	Paper: Monetary Transparency in a Time of Change
		In addition, numerous one-time shocks from taxes, exchange rates, and energy prices passed through the Canadian economy in this period without leading to inflationary spirals as they had in the past, because the Bank could state that it would only intervene if the longer-term inflation target was endangered by second-round effects.
		Germany followed the political revolution of reunification in 1989 with the economic structural shift of monetary unification in October 1990, converting Ostmarks into Deutsche Marks.
		The enormous demand shock and the unclear development potential of the new German states, as well as the political pressure from the Kohl government to ease integration made a rise in inflation by some undetermined amount in the early 1990s inevitable.
	www.iie.com /publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=289 (6422 words)

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