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Topic: Oswald of Bernicia

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	Oswald of Northumbria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oswald's father Aethelfrith was the first ruler of a united Northumbria; Northumbria consisted of two kingdoms, Bernicia (in the north) and Deira (in the south), and the king of Bernicia, Aethelfrith, came to rule Deira as well around the year 604.
		Oswald seems to have been on good terms with the West Saxons: he stood as sponsor to the baptism of their king, Cynegils, and married Cyneburh, the daughter of Cynegils.
		Oswald's head and limbs were placed on stakes, but according to legend, one of his arms was taken by his pet raven and dropped on a tree.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria (666 words)

	Bernicia - Wikipedia
		Bernicia erstreckte sich vom Tyne bis zum Firth of Forth.
		Bernicia wurde kurzzeitig von Eanfrith, einem Sohn Aethelfriths, regiert.
		Sein Bruder Oswald von Northumbria folgte ihm nach, stellte einen neue Armee auf und besiegte Cadwallon schließlich 634 in der Schlacht von Heavenfield.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bernicia (230 words)

	Battle of Maserfield (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The battle of Maserfield (or Maserfeld) was fought August 5, 642, between the Anglo-Saxon kings Oswald of Bernicia and Penda of Mercia, ending in Oswald's defeat, death, and dismemberment.
		Since the death of Oswald's uncle Edwin of Northumbria at Hatfield Chase in 633, Mercia under Penda had been dominant in the north of England.
		Oswald had already avenged Edwin's death by defeating the Britons at Heavenfield, and now purposed to do the same to Penda, bringing his army to Maserfield, now Oswestry ("Oswald's Tree") in Shropshire, near the Welsh border.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/b/ba/battle_of_maserfield.html (195 words)

	Oswald of Bernicia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		St Oswald, King of Bernicia AD Son of Æthelfrith of Bernicia, King of Northumbria.
		He is considered to have been Bretwalda in the years 633-641.
		Oswald knelt down, holding the cross in position until enough earth had been thrown in the hole to make it stand firm.
	www.theezine.net /o/oswald-of-bernicia.html (121 words)

	Oswald of Northumbria
		He was the son of Æthelfrith of Bernicia, King of Northumbria.
		After his father's death and defeat in battle against Raedwald of East Anglia, Oswald fled to Dalriada, where he was converted to Christianity by the monks of Iona.
		Oswald's half-brother Eanfrith became king of Bernicia, but he was killed by Cadwallon in 634 after attempting to negotiate peace.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/oswald_of_northumbria (498 words)

	Encyclopedia: Eanfrith of Bernicia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		590 – 633 or 634) was briefly King of Bernicia from 632 to 633, or from 633 to 634.
		He was the son of Aethelfrith, a Bernician king who had also ruled Deira to the south before being killed in battle against Raedwald of East Anglia, who had given refuge to Edwin, an exiled prince of Deira.
		It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia (Brythonic, Brynaich) to the north to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Eanfrith-of-Bernicia (609 words)

	Edwin of Northumbria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Around the year 604, upon the seizure of Deira by his brother-in-law, Æthelfrith of Bernicia, Edwin was expelled and took refuge with the king of Gwynedd, Cadfan ap Iago.
		Besides York, Yeavering and Maelmin in Bernicia, and Catterick in Deira, were the chief scenes of the work of Paulinus.
		It was the influence of Edwin which led to the conversion of Eorpwald of East Anglia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria (778 words)

	The Heroic Age: Oswald and the Irish
		Oswald subsequently sent to Iona for a missionary bishop, arranged marriage alliances with the British[13] and began negotiations with the southern Anglo-Saxons.
		Oswald's overlordship, at least in the north, was based on personal obligations and kinship ties between rulers but Oswiu's overlordship was tribute-exacting domination which, if we can use his involvement in Mercia as an example, violated the sovereignty of the subject king by directly interfering at a local level within the subject kingdom [34].
		Oswald and Bishop Aidan appear to have had a friendly relationship (possibly unlike the relationship between Oswald and Aidan's missionary predecessor) and the Bernician king even acted as a translator for the Irish bishop (Bede 3.3, McClure and Collins 1994: 113-114).
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/4/ziegler.html (10577 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Oswald
		Oswald's victory reunited the Northumbrian Kingdom not only because he delivered it from the humiliating yoke of the Mercians and Britons, but also because on his father's side he was a descendant of Ida of Bernicia and on his mother's of the royal house of Ella of Deira.
		Oswald was thoroughly grounded in the principles of the Christian religion, and, though but twelve nobles with whom he returned from exile were Christians, far from abandoning his faith, his first care was to spread it among the Bernicians, thus confirming the political union effected by Edwin with a religious union unknown before.
		Oswald's zealous co-operation with the monk-bishop soon filled the land with churches and monasteries, and the church at York, begun by Edwin, was completed.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11348c.htm (1200 words)

	Timeline of Anglo Saxon England 597 AD-687 AD
		Eanfrith's half-brother, Oswald succeeds, as son of Aethelfrith of Bernicia and Acha of Deira, to a united Northumbria.
		Oswald is killed at the Battle of Oswestry, as is Prince Eowa of Mercia, probably sub-King of Wrocenset.
		Oswald is buried at Bardney Abbey and is later regarded as a saint.
	britannia.com /history/saxontime.html (5956 words)

	Battle of Heavenfield - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Battle of Heavenfield was fought in 633 or 634 between a Northumbrian army under Oswald of Bernicia and a Welsh army under Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd.
		The king of Bernicia, Eanfrith, was killed by Cadwallon after attempting to negotiate peace.
		Eanfrith's brother, Oswald, then returned from exile in Dalriada and, with the aid of a force of Scots, marched against Cadwallon and confronted him near Hexham, by Hadrian's Wall.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Battle_of_Heavenfield (221 words)

	Knowledge King - Edwin of Northumbria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		On the seizure of Deira by Æthelfrith of Bernicia, his brother-in-law, (probably 605), Edwin was expelled and is said to have taken refuge with Cadfan, king of Gwynedd.
		After the battle of Chester, in which Æthelfrith defeated the Welsh, Edwin fled to Raedwald, king of East Anglia, who after some wavering supported his cause and defeated and killed Ælthelfrith at the river Idle in 617.
		His kinsman Osric of Deira succeeded in Deira, and Eanfrith the son of Æthelfrith in Bernicia.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/e/ed/edwin_of_northumbria.html (590 words)

	Anglo Saxon Royalty
		Bernicia was a kingdom in England during the 6th century AD.
		Aethelfrith, king of Bernicia, united Deira to his own kingdom, probably about 605, and the union continued under his successor Edwin, son of Ælla or Ella, king of Deira.
		Bernicia was again separate from Deira under Eanfrith, son of Aethelfrith (633?634), after which date the kings of Bernicia were supreme in Northumbria, though for a short time under Oswiu Deira had a king of its own.
	www.hullwebs.co.uk /content/c-anglo-saxon/royals/index.htm (1702 words)

	The Ultimate Penda of Mercia - American History Information Guide and Reference
		It was probably at some point during Oswald's reign that Penda fought with the East Angles and defeated them, killing their king Egric and the former king Sigebert, who had been brought out of retirement in a monastery against his will in the belief that his presence would motivate the soldiers.
		Oswald was thereafter popularly revered as a saint, with his death in battle as a Christian king against pagans leading him to be regarded as a martyr.
		Northumbria was greatly weakened as a consequence of the battle; the kingdom became fractured to some degree between Deira in its southern part and Bernicia in the north, with the Deirans acquiring a king of their own, Oswine, while in Bernicia, Oswald was succeeded by his brother, Oswiu.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Penda_of_Mercia (4379 words)

	Oswald
		Skeptics doubt the likelihood of Oswald being able to fire shots so accurately and rapidly with the weapon and from the position he was said to use to kill Kennedy.
		Oswald was arrested in a movie theater at about 1:50 pm, first as a suspect in the shooting of Tippit, and was then charged with assassinating Kennedy.
		Oswald was shot and killed by Texas nightclub owner Jack Ruby in Dallas, Texas, while being transferred to county jail, two days after the president's assassination, and before being brought to trial.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/Os/Oswald.html (2328 words)

	O (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Oswald, bishop of Worcester, archbishop of York and saint (bishop 961 – 992; archbishop 971 – 992; d.
		Oswald the Younger, poet and scholar at abbey of Ramsey (fl.
		Oswiu, king of Bernicia and subsequently Northumbria and 7
	www.asnc.cam.ac.uk /pase/Level1/Level2/Level3/O.html (617 words)

	Battle of Maserfield -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Oswald's body was cut into pieces, and his head and arms mounted on poles; the parts were later retrieved by his brother and successor (Click link for more info and facts about Oswiu) Oswiu.
		The possibility exists that he was actually fighting in the battle as Oswald's ally; it has been suggested that he had ruled the northern Mercians while Penda ruled the southern Mercians.
		Thus the battle led to the internal weakening and fracturing of the Northumbrian kingdom, a situation which lasted until after the battle of the Winwaed, despite Oswine's murder on the orders of Oswiu in 651.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Ba/Battle_of_Maserfield.htm (375 words)

	Oswald de Northumbria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Oswald después volvió de exile con un ejército y marchó contra Cadwallon; a Scots alentaron a sus filas enviado por el rey de Dalriada, Domnal Brecc.
		Oswald ganó algunos éxitos contra los Británicos al norte, pero la preocupación primaria de su reinado era conflicto de Northumbria con la energía de levantamiento de Mercia debajo de Penda.
		La cabeza y los miembros de Oswald fueron colocados en las estacas, pero según leyenda, uno de sus brazos fue tomado por su animal doméstico raven y cayó en un árbol.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/os/Oswald%20de%20Northumbria.htm (516 words)

	EBK: Historical Chronology of the Early Kingdoms of Scotland AD 598-714
		Prince Eanfrith, heir of Bernicia, marries a Pictish Royal Princess and fathers Prince (later King) Talorcan (I) of the Picts.
		Princes Oswald and Oswiu of Bernicia offer their sister, Aebbe, in marriage to Prince Domnall Brecc of Dalriada, but she insists on entering the church instead.
		634 - Kings Eanfrith of Bernicia and Osric of Deira are murdered by agents of King Cadwallon of Gwynedd and the former’s exiled half-brother, Oswald, theoretically succeeds to a united Northumbria.
	www.earlybritishkingdoms.com /adversaries/kingdoms/scot598.html (1383 words)

	The Heroic Age: Oswald and the Irish
		It is possible that the saga of Oswald's vision of Columba had been suppressed after Northumbria accepted Roman tradition at the Synod of Whitby in 664 and replaced Columba with St. Peter as the main saint of the church.
		Interestingly, Oswald is similarly said to have co-donated the land for the church at Dorchester but this claim of Bede's may be influenced by his perception of the rights of later overkings.
		That the sons of Donuel, Gartnait and Drest, were dependent upon Bernicia for their throne is also shown by the expulsion of Drest from Pictland within of year of Oswiu's death when the Picts rebelled against Bernician overlordship under Oswiu's son Ecgfrith.
	www.mun.ca /mst/heroicage/issues/4/ziegler2.html (4698 words)

	Articles - Cadwallon ap Cadfan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A battle was fought at Hatfield Chase on October 12, 633 (or 632, according to another interpretation of the chronology), which ended in the defeat and death of Edwin and his son Osfrith.
		The king of Bernicia, Eanfrith, was also killed by Cadwallon when the former went to him in an attempt to negotiate peace.
		However, Cadwallon was defeated by an army under Eanfrith's brother, Oswald, at the Battle of Heavenfield, "though he had most numerous forces, which he boasted nothing could withstand".
	www.shreka.com /articles/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan_of_Gwynedd (422 words)

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