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Topic: Oswald of Northumbria

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	Oswald of Northumbria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oswald's father Aethelfrith was the first ruler of a united Northumbria; Northumbria consisted of two kingdoms, Bernicia (in the north) and Deira (in the south), and the king of Bernicia, Aethelfrith, came to rule Deira as well around the year 604.
		Oswald seems to have been on good terms with the West Saxons: he stood as sponsor to the baptism of their king, Cynegils, and married Cyneburh, the daughter of Cynegils.
		Oswald's head and limbs were placed on stakes, but according to legend, one of his arms was taken by his pet raven and dropped on a tree.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oswald_of_Bernicia (666 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Oswald
		Oswald's victory reunited the Northumbrian Kingdom not only because he delivered it from the humiliating yoke of the Mercians and Britons, but also because on his father's side he was a descendant of Ida of Bernicia and on his mother's of the royal house of Ella of Deira.
		Oswald was thoroughly grounded in the principles of the Christian religion, and, though but twelve nobles with whom he returned from exile were Christians, far from abandoning his faith, his first care was to spread it among the Bernicians, thus confirming the political union effected by Edwin with a religious union unknown before.
		Oswald's zealous co-operation with the monk-bishop soon filled the land with churches and monasteries, and the church at York, begun by Edwin, was completed.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11348c.htm (1200 words)

	Oswald av Northumbria - Wikipedia
		Oswald hadde noen framganger mot britene i nord, men den største utfordringen var Mercias økende makt under Penda.
		Oswald og Penda møtte hverandre i slaget ved Maserfield den 5.
		Oswalds lik ble skjendet; det ble kuttet i stykker, hender og hode ble satt på staker og kroppen ble hengt på et tre.
	no.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oswald_av_Northumbria (622 words)

	Battle of Maserfield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Battle of Maserfield (or Maserfeld) was fought on August 5, 642, between the Anglo-Saxon kings Oswald of Northumbria and Penda of Mercia, ending in Oswald's defeat, death, and dismemberment.
		Oswald had already defeated the Britons under Cadwallon ap Cadfan (Penda's ally at Hatfield) at Heavenfield, and now intended to do the same to Penda, bringing his army to Maserfield, a site that is usually identified with Oswestry ("Oswald's Tree") in Shropshire, near the Welsh border.
		Oswald's body was cut into pieces, and his head and arms mounted on poles; the parts were later retrieved by his brother and successor Oswiu.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Battle_of_Maserfeld (618 words)

	Bede's people: Oswald
		Northumbria under Edwin was no longer a safe place for the sons of Æthelfrith and so Oswald and his younger brother Oswiu fled north for safety in the Irish kingdom of Dal Riata in western Scotland.
		Oswald was actively engaged in promoting Christianity and the working partnership between bishop and king became the basis for a new form of governance in Northumbria.
		Oswald ruled directly in both Bernicia and Deira, though the devolved government of Deira in the first part of his successor Oswiu's reign suggests that the unity of Northumbria was not deep-rooted in the first half of the 7th century.
	www.bedesworld.co.uk /site_2003-05-10/people/oswald.htm (966 words)

	Oswald of Northumbria
		After his father's death and defeat in battle against Raedwald of East Anglia, Oswald fled to Dalriada, where he was converted to Christianity by the monks of Iona.
		After the Welsh king Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd, in alliance with Penda of Mercia, killed King Edwin in battle at Hatfield Chase in 633, Northumbria was split between its sub-kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira.
		Oswald's half-brother Eanfrith became king of Bernicia, but he was killed by Cadwallon in 634 after attempting to negotiate peace.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/oswald_of_northumbria (508 words)

	Oswald of Northumbria -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Oswald's half-brother (Click link for more info and facts about Eanfrith) Eanfrith became king of Bernicia, but he was killed by Cadwallon in 633 (or 634) after attempting to negotiate peace.
		Oswald then returned from exile with an army and marched against Cadwallon; his ranks were bolstered by (The dialect of English used in Scotland) Scots sent by the king of Dalriada, (Click link for more info and facts about Domnal Brecc) Domnal Brecc.
		Oswald had some military successes against the (Click link for more info and facts about Kingdom of Strathclyde) Kingdom of Strathclyde to the north, but the primary concern of his reign was Northumbria's conflict with the rising power of (Click link for more info and facts about Mercia) Mercia under Penda.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/os/oswald_of_northumbria.htm (496 words)

	EBK: St. Oswald, King of Northumbria
		Oswald was the eldest son of the pagan King Aethelfrith of Bernicia by his second marriage to Princess Aacha of Deira.
		Oswald raised a large cross their before the fight and the prayers of his soldiers around it are said to have contributed to the King's victory, despite the superior numbers of the Welsh army.
		Oswald eventually agreed to a strategic alliance with the southern king, cemented by his marriage to Cynegils' daughter and the latter's baptism with Oswald standing as Godfather.
	www.earlybritishkingdoms.com /adversaries/bios/oswald.html (979 words)

	OSWIU OF NORTHUMBRIA FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Oswiu was the son of Æthelfrith and brother of Oswald, whom he succeeded in Bernicia and Deira in 642 after the Battle_of_Maserfeld, but Oswine, a relative of Edwin, took control of Deira in ''c.''644.
		Oswald appears to have consolidated his power by the aid of the Roman_Church and by a series of judicious matrimonial alliances.
		It was probably in 642 that he married Eanfled, daughter of Edwin, thus uniting the two rival dynasties of Northumbria.
	www.brolgas.com /Oswiu_of_Northumbria (450 words)

	OSWALD OF NORTHUMBRIA - LoveToKnow Article on OSWALD OF NORTHUMBRIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		603-642), king of Northumbria, was one of the sons of ^Ethelfrith and was expelled from Northumbria on the accession of Edwin, though he himself was a son of Edwin's sister Acha.
		Oswald reunited Deira and Bernicia, and soon raised his kingdom to a position equal to that which it had occupied in the time of Edwin, with whom he is classed by Bede as one of the seven great Anglo-Saxon kings.
		Bede declares that Oswald ruled over " all the peoples and provinces of Britain, which includes four languages, those of the Britons, Picts, Scots and Angles." His relationship to Edwin may have helped him to consolidate Deira and Bernicia.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OS/OSWALD_OF_NORTHUMBRIA.htm (2733 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Oswald of Northumbria
		Due to victories in combat, and family alliances, Bede claims that Oswald was recognised as Bretwalda by all of Saxon England.
		Oswald was a king and a saint, and made a large mark in his short time; inevitably, large tales are told of him.
		Oswald's body was hacked to pieces on the battle field where he fell, and his head and arms stuck on poles in triumph.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/sainto25.htm (747 words)

	Kingdom of Northumbria (Anglo-Saxon Age) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Oswald was determined to continue the reintroduction of Christianity to the North East and employed St Aidan, an Irish monk from the Scottish island of Iona to convert his people.
		Oswald was succeeded by his brother Oswy in Bernicia (the North East region north of the Tees) and by a rival called Oswine in Deira (Yorkshire).
		The age of Bede was something of a heyday for the Kingdom of Northumbria, but in the late eighth century Northumbria was plagued with weak leadership and collapsed into a state of anarchy caused by rivalry between the royal houses of Deira and Bernicia.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /KingdomofNorthumbria.htm (6552 words)

	Oswald of Northumbria - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		After the king of Gwynedd, Cadwallon ap Cadfan (in alliance with Penda of Mercia), killed King St. Edwin of Northumbria in battle at Hatfield Chase in 632 (or 633), Northumbria was split between its sub-kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira.
		St. Oswald's half-brother Eanfrith became king of Bernicia, but he was killed by Cadwallon in 633 (or 634) after attempting to negotiate peace.
		The people quickly came to regard Oswald as a martyr and saint: a holy well of healing was said to have sprung up at the spot where the arm had landed, and the site soon became known as Oswestry, or "Oswald's Tree." His holy relics now reside with those of Ss.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Oswald_of_Northumbria (475 words)

	BIO: Oswald, King of Northumbria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In Northumbria, in the north of England, in 616, Edwin seized the throne (replacing his sister's husband, Aethelfrith the Ravager), and Oswald, son of Aethelfrith, fled into Scotland, to the monastic settlement on the island of Iona (off the west coast of southern Scotland).
		Northumbria, now united, became the most powerful of the Seven Kingdoms, and Oswald was recognized as paramount king of the Heptarchy.
		Oswald went to Wessex (the second most powerful of the Seven Kingdoms, and later to be the most powerful, and the nucleus of a united England) in order to seek a bride.
	www.hillsdale.edu /Personal/Westblade/REL/Biography/08/05.html (713 words)

	King Oswald and St. Aidan North East England Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Oswald, King of Northumbria, was from the Bernician dynasty which lived north of the Tees.
		Oswald heavily defeats Penda of Mercia and the Welsh under Caedwalla at the battle of Heavenfield at Chollerford near Hexham (today the battlefield is marked by a cross).
		Oswald is succeeded by his brother Oswy in Bernicia (North-East) and by the rival Oswine in Deira (Yorkshire), splitting Northumbria into two.
	www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk /12TimelineKingOswaldandSaintAidan.htm (901 words)

	Oswald, Saint. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In exile during the reign of Edwin, Oswald and his brother Oswy became Christians.
		Oswald was for a time the strongest ruler in England, being acknowledged overlord of Wessex and other southern kingdoms.
		Killed in battle by Penda of Mercia, he came to be revered as a Christian martyr.
	www.bartleby.com /65/os/Oswald-S.html (166 words)

	Whitby Abbey and St Hilda
		Edwin married his second wife, Ethelburga, daughter of the King of Kent and the marriage was sanctioned only on Edwin giving a pledge, that Ethelburga, who had already been baptised by the Pope`s representative in the Kingdom of Kent, that being Paulinus, should be free to carry on her faith of Christianity.
		Oswald, after this great victory, sent for a bishop from the island of Iona and was duly sent Aidan.
		Oswald had become regarded as a martyr and was quickly made a Saint.
	www.queensland.co.uk /hilda.html (1930 words)

	St. Oswald Martyr
		Fortunately, Oswald, the proper heir to the Northumbrian throne as nephew of St. Edwin, was an earnest Christian.
		Oswald's great cross was highly venerated thereafter for miracles, and a church was built on the spot.
		Oswald was for years considered one of the great national heroes of England, and devotion to him also spread to the Continent.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id311.htm (650 words)

	Northumbria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Edwin was succeeded in Bernicia by Eanfrith (Oswald's older brother), and in Deira by Osric.
		King Oswald, after pitching his camp, in readiness for the battle, was sleeping one day on a pillow in his tent, he saw St.Columba in a vision, beaming with angelic brightness, and of figure so majestic that his head seemed to touch the clouds.
		Oswald was killed in a great battle, by the same pagan nation and pagan king of the Mercians (Penda), who had slain his predecessor Edwin, at a place called in the English tongue Maserfelth (traditionally identified with Oswestry), in the thirty-eighth year of his age, on the fifth day of the month of August.
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /northumbria.htm (13746 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Oswald sought help from Scotland and St. Aidan of Iona was sent to assist in the reconversion of the people.
		When he was dying Oswald prayed for his soldiers and his last words have become a very well known prayer, "O God be merciful to their souls!"
		Oswald is an example to those of wealth and power.
	www.christdesert.org /public_graphics/martyrology/names/o/oswald_of_northumbria.txt (345 words)

	Oswald of Northumbria
		Possibly the growing lad Oswald discussed all this earnestly with another of much the same age, a young Irishman who was going to be a monk on Iona, whose name was Aidan.
		When Oswald decided to fight to regain his father's kingdom the battle, at a place called Heavenfield, was fought in the shadow of a big wooden cross erected by his own hands, to show that he fought as a Christian against a non-Christian foe.
		Oswald was a man of prayer, and this must have been quite unusual among kings of his day.
	www.lindisfarne.org.uk /general/oswald.htm (1097 words)

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