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Topic: Other events of 1848

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The Revolutions of 1848

The Revolutions of 1848 in France

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	1848.html
		Revolts broke out in 1848 in almost all of the nations of Europe; by that springtime of that year there was a great deal of hope in the air.
		The revolts of 1848 were not triggered by one group or incident, but arose out of similarly bad conditions in all the European countries: severe food shortage, a commercial and industrial recession, and widespread unemployment.
		More importantly, after 1848, the middle classes largely ceased to be revolutionary, as they became increasingly concerned about the protection of their property against radical social and political movements.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/1848.html (2049 words)

	The european revolution of 1848 - aftermath
		These events were followed by the active deployment of the forces under the command of the local Austrian commander, General Windischgrätz, whose wife had been fatally wounded in the disturbances, and a revival of Austrian administrative control after five days of conflict.
		In the event people increasingly began to be attracted by the personality and policies of one Louis Napoleon, a nephew of the former Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long lived in exile but had been given approval to return to France in June 1848 and who had actually been elected to the Assembly.
		In these "patriotic" times, under the tutelage of Gaj and others, the upper classes were somewhat prepared to abandon their usage of Italian and the broader populations were also prepared to adapt themselves towards the regional dialect that was spoken in the city of Dubrovnik.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /history/1848/reaction.html (3684 words)

	The European revolution of 1848
		Other pages of our site demonstrate why it may be reasonable to regard human nature as being simultaneously materialistic, spiritual, and ethnic, but with a overlay of intelligence (and of individual personality!).
		In 1848 such restiveness tended to be towards the establishment of a greater degree of distinct existence for the Kingdom of Hungary under an Habsburg ruler as a constitutional King of Hungary.
		Czech, Polish and other Slav elements within the lands of the Habsburgs reacted to the events of 1848 and to the nationalistic and constitutional developments in the Germanic lands by arranging for a pan-Slav Congress to convene at Prague in early June.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /history/1848/revolution_of_1848.html (2097 words)

	The Revolutions of 1848: Essay by Mike White
		Soon after the French, other countries took up the torch of revolution and carried it until either they were defeated and suppressed, or they were successful in implementing their plan.
		In May of 1848, members of the Frankfurt Parliament, or the National Assembly convened in Frankfurt to begin the writing of the new constitution.
		But in 1848, the main result was gained respect and intimidation from the revolutionaries and their leaders.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/revs/rev_of_1848.htm (1142 words)

	SparkNotes: Europe (1815-1848): Important Terms, People, and Events
		Franz Joseph - Hapsburg Emperor of Austria from 1848 to 1916.
		In 1848, during a revolution in Vienna, Metternich fled the city.
		When some of the peaceful protesters were shot, the event was dubbed the "Peterloo Massacre", likening the British government's shameful use of violence on a peaceful crowd to the recent defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/1848/terms.html (2784 words)

	SparkNotes: Europe (1815-1848): Context
		The years from 1815 to 1848 provided a much-needed respite from the endless wars of the Napoleonic Era.
		On the other side were the forces of change: the bourgeoisie created by the dynamics of the Industrial Revolution, liberals, socialists, republicans, radicals, romantics, and nationalists.
		The period from 1815 to 1848 was an important crucible in which were forged many modern ideologies, from classical "liberalism" (today's conservatism) to communism.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/1848/context.html (659 words)

	war and social upheaval: revolutions of 1848 - 1849
		The European rRevolutions of 1848 were a series of revolts caused by a heady mixture of rising nationalism mixed with the economic change resulting from the Industrial Revolution and political and social represson.
		As part of the turmoil of 1848, the first powerful statement of Communism was issued by Karl Marx a(1818-83) and his associate Friedrich Engels, although it was to have little immediate affect.
		Bismarck played little role in the 1848 disorders, but his his steadfast support of the monarchy during the crisis and his reputation as a conservative politican was to lead to his appointment as chancellor.
	histclo.com /essay/war/rev-1848.html (1945 words)

	portal-1848.html
		Also by 1848 the cotton gin, that was invented a half-century before, had thoroughly transformed the U.S. South from a late colonial stagnated rural area into one of the richest cash-crop agricultural areas of the world.
		Blacks, on the other hand, whether in the North or in the South, would remain "stuck" to bottom of the social hierarchy and be denied entry into the opportunity-laden ethnic ladder altogether.
		In 1848 the United States stood at another crossroads of peoplehood because the South would not be placated with the admission of Texas into the Union as a slave state or the extension of racial fissioning west.
	www.csubak.edu /~gsantos/portal-1848.html (6463 words)

	1848 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Revolutions of 1848, a series of widespread but mostly failed struggles for more liberal governments, from Brazil to Hungary.
		September 12 - One of the few successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
		November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 1848: Whig Zachary Taylor of Louisiana defeats Democrat Lewis Cass of Michigan in the first US presidential election held in every state on the same day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1848 (1429 words)

	Nationalism in Hungary, 1848-1867
		In Western Europe, "1848" revolved around issues like national unification, civil liberties and economic privilege but as the revolutionary impulse spread to the East, issues of nationalism, nationality and ethnicity came to the fore.
		Recall briefly the events of 1848 in France and Germany.
		These included the peasants, who emerged from 1848 grateful for their land; the "nouveau riche" made up of beneficiaries of the tariff reform, both enterprising aristocrats and urban capitalists; and harmless national minorities like the Polish nobility of Galicia, who preferred Austrian rule to that of Russia.
	www.lib.msu.edu /sowards/balkan/lect07.htm (4360 words)

	History of the Great Lakes, Vol. 1 by J.B. Mansfield, Captains, Shipping, Lighthouse Keepers and Marine
		Other Events of 1845 - The schooner Chapman, Capt. Charles Gale, of Port Burwell, laden with lumber, bound for Cleveland, was wrecked a short distance above Long Point, Lake Erie, and was a total loss.
		Others ascended the shrouds, clinging in masses to the ratlines, up to the very crosstrees, from which as the fire reached the combustible material they were soon precipitated into the burning mass beneath.
		He was saved in the small boat, with several others of the crew and one or two of the passengers.
	www.linkstothepast.com /marine/chapt36.html (11630 words)

	France February Revolution 1848
		Like the French revolution of 1830, a conservative minister was the focus of resentment in France in 1848, but this later revolt also included working-class members angry at the government's failure to relieve the depression of 1846-47.
		France's opposition parties, forbidden direct campaigning for a forth-coming election, instead wittily held a "banquet campaign"; when their most important gathering, slated for February 22 in Paris, was forbidden by the king and Guizot, the Parisians gathered in force at the banquetting place, and street fighting erupted.
		At its worst on February 23, 1848, when some government troops opened fire while others laid down their arms or joined the rebels, the revolution forced the dismissal of Guizot and, the next day, the abdication of Louis-Philippe.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/foxtrot/france1848a.htm (395 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: The Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, 2 Feb 1848
		The same most ample guaranty shall be enjoyed by all ecclesiastics and religious corporations or communities, as well in the discharge of the offices of their ministry, as in the enjoyment of their property of every kind, whether individuals or corporate.
		And should such course be proposed by either party, it shall be acceded to by the other, unless deemed by it altogether incompatible with the nature of the difference, or the circumstances of the case.
		All churches, hospitals, schools, colleges, libraries, and other establishments for charitable and beneficent purposes, shall be respected, and all persons connected with the same protected in the discharge of their duties and the pursuit of their vocations.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1848hidalgo.html (1797 words)

	Pioneer 1848-1868 Companies - Heritage Gateways
		As others of their countrymen arrived, several areas largely composed of Welshmen were settled, including Wales, Willard, Spanish Fork, 15th and 16th Wards in Salt Lake City; Malad and Samaria, Idaho.
		She is off on some names and details, but the events, from leaving England to her arrival in Salt Lake City, are generally accurate.
		He and four other men were wounded in an Indian ambush.
	heritage.uen.org /companies/1848.html (4687 words)

	Raid into Gonzales and De Witt Counties in 1848 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For several years prior to 1848 the country between the Guadalupe and San Antonio rivers escaped annoyance from the Indians, though their depredations beyond were frequent.
		These events alarmed the settlers on the wet side of the Guadalupe, the remainder of the district mentioned being still a wilderness, and a company of thirty-two men and boys from the wet side of the river in De Witt County, assembled to meet and repel the raiders.
		Joseph Tumlinson and Hugh B. Young were severely wounded, and James York, son of the dead captain, one of the handsomest boys I ever knew, was shot centrally through the cheeks from aide to side, supposed at the time to be fatally, but he rode home and finally recovered, though greatly disfigured.
	jack0204.tripod.com /gen/Heskew/Gonzales_De_Witt_Counties_1848.htm (766 words)

	The German 1848 Revolution: A German Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Events like these added a third dimension to the pre-March era, that of demands for relief of social problems which eventually grew into the socialist and communist movements.
		Events began rolling on February 27 in Mannheim, where a Badische Volksversammlung (Assembly of the people from Baden) adopted a resolution demanding a bill of rights.
		Finally, on May 18, 1848 all of the events of the Vormärz and the Vormärzrevolution climaxed when this Nationalversammlung opened its session in the Paulskirche.
	www.serve.com /shea/germusa/perspekt.htm (3985 words)

	AAAS - Giving Programs and Clubs
		The "1848 Society" recognizes all individuals who provide for AAAS through their wills or other charitable plans.
		In addition, 1848 Society members are invited to national AAAS events and activities.
		To learn more about the "1848 Society" as well as other ways you can support AAAS, please contact AAAS's Manager of Development Princess Gamble by e-mail or by calling 202.326.6636 or 1.800.215.1969.
	www.aaas.org /aboutaaas/giving/levels/1848.shtml (229 words)

	Lexington Cemetery - 1848 - 1860
		In 1848, Lexingtonians did not have a suitable sacred place to bury their dead.
		At a time when Lexington was experiencing rapid growth, the dead were either buried in family burial grounds, crowded church graveyards, or "First Hill," the burial ground of the pioneer settlement of Lexington.
		1848 that incorporated the Lexington Cemetery Company and authorized it to establish a rural, or garden, cemetery.
	www.lexcem.org /index.cfm/h1848.html (1685 words)

	1848 - Extended Rules
		The Event cards are simply used to keep track of the number of rounds played and who scored.
		A few cards will remove other cards from the game, but most will be placed on table and will affect cards in that faction only.
		All the major characters from the political scene at the events of the German Revolution in 1848.
	brettboard.dk /games/rules/1848a.htm (1956 words)

	Matilda Joslyn Gage Website: 1848
		Living in the year 1848 was much different than living in the year 1998: the United States of America was geographically a different country, American culture was very different, and the issues and events of the day were very different from today.
		The Industrial Revolution, with its barbarities, was in full swing: less work for the market was being performed in the home, and more work, usually for subsistence wages, was being performed in the new factories.
		Internationally, 1848 was a year of upheaval and revolution.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/gage/features/1848b.html (650 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Percy B. St. John: The French Revolution in 1848
		As this tragic event sealed the fate of the Orleans dynasty, I have been at some pains to collect a correct version of it, and I have every reason to believe those who were eyewitnesses will bear me out in my description.
		The boulevards were, like all the other streets, brilliantly illuminated, and everywhere immense numbers of promenaders walked up and down, men, women, and children, enjoying the scene, and rejoicing that the terrific struggle of the day had ceased.
		Like every other event of this great week, with all its momentous consequences, this is to be traced to the utter incapacity of Guizot, in politics....
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1848johnson.html (2935 words)

	American Experience \| Ulysses S. Grant \| People & Events \| The Mexican American War, 1846-1848
		In 1844, President James K. Polk ran on a Democratic platform that supported manifest destiny, the idea that Americans were predestined to occupy the entire North American continent.
		Other Americans simply thought it was wrong to use war to take land from Mexico.
		The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo sealed the American victory in 1848.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/grant/peopleevents/e_mawar.html (506 words)

	Jewish Emancipation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Jewish Emancipation, 1848 Among the primary causes of the revolutions of 1848 was the longstanding call for liberation, particularly of the middle class.
		Only in France and the Netherlands were Jews earlier emancipated, and thus the events of 1848 had little influence on their legal status.
		During 1848 liberals fought against the notion that states should be based on the principles of Christianity, and furthered the idea that individuals made up the cornerstone of the state.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/jewemanc.htm (2015 words)

	Neue Rheinische Zeitung No. 42 July 1848
		The more the light of publicity reveals in sharp outlines the most recent events, the more facts confirm our view of the national wars by which Germany has dishonoured her new era.
		Other prisoners are also being released, only Count Buquoy, Villiny and a few others are still under arrest, and one fine morning we will perhaps read a poster on the walls of Prague according to which it was all based on a misunderstanding.
		To judge by the devastation of the houses, the Graben and the Neue Allee were largely cleared by artillery, and I leave it open whether or not it takes great defiance of death to clear a broad avenue of a hundred barely armed defenders with canister-shot.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1848/07/12.htm (1018 words)

	1848 \| Political Events: The People's Chronology
		News of the revolution at Paris reaches Vienna March 13, students demonstrate in the streets along with workers, members of liberal clubs, and others, demanding basic freedoms.
		Meagher will escape in 1852 and make his way to New York after a speaking tour of other U.S. cities (see 1861); O'Brien will be released in February 1854, live at Brussels, and receive a full pardon in May 1856.
		British Treasury official Charles Edward Trevelyan writes about the Irish, "The great evil with which we are to contend is not the physical evil of famine, but the moral evil of the selfish, perverse, and turbulent character of the people" (see food availability, 1846).
	history.enotes.com /peoples-chronology/year-1848 (1443 words)

	QCTimes.com / About the Quad City Times
		While the Democrat was evolving, the other ancestor of the Quad-City Times was going through changes of its own.
		Many other papers lived and died between the 1890s and the Great Depression.
		Lee Enterprises is a premier publisher of local news, information and advertising in primarily midsize markets, with 51 daily newspapers and a joint interest in five others, rapidly growing online sites and more than 300 weekly newspapers and specialty publications in 23 states.
	www.qctimes.com /other/about (880 words)

	Neue Rheinische Zeitung No. 64 August 1848
		During the happy period preceding 1848, German censorship saw to it that no word could be printed which might incur the displeasure of the Russian Government, not even under the heading of Greece or Turkey.
		In spite of her numerous and well-paid agents, Russia is labouring under the gravest delusion if she thinks that in the year 1848 she can arouse sympathies by evoking the memory of the so-called wars of liberation.
		On the other hand, he is determined to repel any encroachment upon his own internal security and to make sure that if the territorial balance of power is anywhere destroyed or altered, that will not be done at the expense of our own legitimate interests.”
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1848/08/03.htm (2218 words)

	NWSA Journal--The Lid Comes Off: International Radical Feminism and the Revolutions of 1848
		Supporting each other through visits and letters, proclamations and conventions, they succeeded in forming a loose-knit international feminist movement in the mid-nineteenth century, which provided support and confirmation-- and homes for feminist exiles--when the revolutions were defeated.
		By the outbreak of the 1848 revolutions, scores of feminists in Europe and the United States read the same literature, shared a common discourse and set of expectations, and had woven close personal connections to each other.
		In the aftermath of 1848, when women's movements were suppressed and women's political participation forbidden in France, Austria, and Prussia, international feminism briefly flourished as exile and immigration created new connections and cross-fertilization.
	iupjournals.org /nwsa/nws10-2.html (4384 words)

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