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Topic: Ototoxicity

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	Ototoxicity: Encyclopedia of Medicine
		Ototoxicity is damage to the hearing or balance functions of the ear by drugs or chemicals.
		Ototoxicity is drug or chemical damage to the inner ear.
		Ototoxicity that causes loss of balance may be even more difficult to diagnose.
	health.enotes.com /medicine-encyclopedia/ototoxicity (919 words)

	eMedicine - Inner Ear, Ototoxicity : Article by Ann L Edmunds, MD, PharmD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ototoxicity came to the forefront of clinical attention with the discovery of streptomycin in 1944.
		Ototoxicity is typically associated with bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus.
		The ototoxic effects of loop diuretics seem to be associated with the stria vascularis, which is affected by changes in the ionic gradients between the perilymph and endolymph.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic699.htm (4654 words)

	Ototoxicity: Medications that can cause tinnitus - Tinnitus Information Center
		Ototoxicity may be reversible or may be permanent, depending on the type of medication used, dosage and duration of treatment.
		The ototoxic effects of these medications are enhanced in patients who are already taking other ototoxic medications such as the aminoglycoside antibiotics or loop diuretics.
		The ototoxic effects of quinine are very similar to aspirin and the toxic effects are usually reversible once medication is discontinued.
	www.tinnitusformula.com /infocenter/articles/conditions/ototox.aspx (1101 words)

	iVertigo.net , Other Cochleovestibular Toxicity, B.Todd Troost
		Ototoxicity resulting from treatment may be subjectively experienced as hearing loss and tinnitus.
		Quinine ototoxicity is quite similar to salicylate clinical manifestations and has a mechanism distinct from that of salicylates.
		The ototoxicity due to erythromycin and its analogues is related to dosage.
	ivertigo.net /ototoxicity/otother.html (1664 words)

	OTOTOXICITY
		Ototoxicity from topical preparations is an area of interest and concern for otolaryngologists utilizing drops in the presence of perforated tympanic membranes, however, neurologists need to be aware as well of the potential damage to hearing.
		However, it is not clear whether the risk of ototoxicity is related to either the peak level or the trough level; it is probably related to more complex pharmacokinetic function, such as the area under the curve, which is approximated by determining the peak and trough levels.
		Vestibular ototoxicity is defined as a chemical substance having a destructive or damaging effect on the structure and function of the labyrinthine hair cells and their connections through the eighth nerve to the central nervous system.
	www.ivertigo.net /toxicity/tox1.html (6111 words)

	Hearing Problems, Dizziness, Ototoxicity - Hearing Loss Due to Chemotherapy
		Ototoxicity is something that occurs after you have received medications that have caused you to lose your hearing, or feel dizzy.
		Ototoxic medications are drugs that can cause damage to the inner ear, and result in temporary or permanent loss of hearing.
		Ototoxicity is a word to describe damage to the ear due to many causes.
	www.chemocare.com /managing/hearing_problems_dizziness_and.asp (5315 words)

	Drugs / Ototoxicity
		It is concluded that the ototoxic effect of cisplatin is not correlated to differences in peak plasma concentration.
		Therefore, we have systematically investigated the dose dependency of cisplatin's ototoxic effect upon the guinea pig cochlea.Guinea pigs were treated by daily intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin for 8 days in different dosages, 0.7 mg/kg (12 ears), 1.0 mg/kg (18 ears), 1.25 mg/kg (10 ears), and 1.5 mg/kg (21 ears), respectively.
		Ototoxicity is one of the main side-effects of cisplatin.
	ieb.unife.it /abstracts/1997/drugs.html (4789 words)

	Ototoxicity: Early Detection and Monitoring
		Ototoxic hearing loss, particularly in the pediatric population, may be tolerated in favor of survival.
		Identifying patients for whom ototoxicity monitoring is an appropriate part of a therapeutic management plan requires a coordinated effort between the audiologist and members of the patient's health care team.
		Ototoxicity is determined by comparing baseline data, ideally obtained prior to ototoxic drug administration, to the results of subsequent monitoring tests.
	www.asha.org /about/publications/leader-online/archives/2005/050524/050524b.htm (2475 words)

	OTOTOXICITY FROM EAR DROPS
		While ototoxicity from intravenous aminoglycoside administration is well documented, there is considerable controversy regarding the existence and significance of ototoxicity from topical preparations.
		Morizono pointed out that there is less evidence for ototoxicity in humans than in animals, and suggested that this might be related to a less exposed round window in humans, a thinner membrane, and other factors such as the presence of infection or effusion.
		They suggest that either ototoxicity is not recognized as hearing loss is attributed to underlying disease, or because of anatomic differences between animals and humans in the thickness of the round window membrane, there is less susceptibility to topical ototoxicity in humans.
	www.tchain.com /otoneurology/disorders/bilat/ototoxic_drops.htm (1342 words)

	A dog with elephant-like skin
		Ototoxicity can follow therapy with oral and parenteral drugs or the application of topical agents to the external ear canal (if the tympanic membrane has been perforated).
		The mechanism of ototoxicity is not fully understood but is presumed to be related to acute electroIyte alterations in the cochlear endolymph; the same mechanism produces diuresis in the kidneys.
		ototoxicity was reported in a human patient with skin surfaces that were topically treated with an ointment consisting of 1% neomycin and 11% dimethyl sulfoxide.
	www.dermapet.com /articles/art-22.html (2657 words)

	Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Newsletter-Volume 7, Number 2, April 1997
		Ototoxic effects are well-documented, clinically important side effects of parenteral aminoglycoside use.
		The resulting ototoxicity is in the form of cochlear damage (tinnitus and hearing loss) or vestibular damage (vertigo and loss of balance), or both.
		Despite the widespread use of aminoglycoside ear drops, ototoxicity in the presence of tympanic-membrane defects appears to occur in a small percentage of patients.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /dhp-mps/medeff/bulletin/carn-bcei_v7n2_e.html (1826 words)

	Ototoxicity
		Ototoxicity in humans may also be under appreciated as the fist ototoxic effects have been shown to occur at the high frequencies, very high frequencies which usually are not tested.
		Ototoxicity has been shown in guinea pigs after chloramphenicol drops; however, there is no hard evidence for this in humans, and only case reports In many of these reports, the agent was combined propylene glycol or ethanol.
		Aminoglycoside ototoxicity is related to the total amount of drug given, not the peak concentration level; therefore, peak and trough are controversial as to whether or not it is good to monitor ototoxicity.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/62305.htm (4849 words)

	Ototoxicity
		Ototoxicity is defined as the tendency of certain therapeutic agents to cause functional impairment and cellular degeneration of the inner ear and of the eighth cranial nerve.
		Ototoxicity is differentiated from neurotoxicity where the site of action is central to the eighth cranial nerve.
		The mechanism of ototoxic action is uncertain; however, it produces a loss of OHCs in the basal turn of the cochlea in a fashion similar to the aminoglycosides.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/82092.html (1293 words)

	Ototoxicity
		Ototoxicity is a subject that generates a great deal of interest and controversy not only for otolaryngologists, but also for general practitioners, as numerous diseases must be treated with drugs that can have cochleovestibular side effects.
		The aminoglycosides are eliminated from the body almost entirely by glomerular filtration and have a high affinity for renal cortical tissue, thus attributing to their potential nephrotoxicity.
		The risk of cochlear ototoxicity is synergistically increased in patients taking both loop diuretics and aminoglycosides concomitantly.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Ototox-011107/Ototox-2001-11.htm (4643 words)

	Vestibular Disorders Association \| Vertigo, Imbalance, Dizziness resources - Ototoxicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ototoxicity ("ear poisoning") is due to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve, which sends balance and hearing information from the inner ear to the brain.
		Ototoxicity can result in temporary or permanent disturbances of hearing, balance, or both.
		The diagnosis of ototoxicity is based upon the patient's history, symptoms, and test results.
	www.vestibular.org /vestibular-disorders/specific-disorders/ototoxicity.php (575 words)

	OTOTOXICITY FROM EAR DROPS
		As tobramycin has so far not been shown to have topical ototoxicity, and because it is less ototoxic systemically than gentamicin or neomycin, it's use might be preferable to the more usual cortisporin drops.
		While ototoxicity from intravenous aminoglycoside administration is well documented, there is considerable controversy regarding the significance of ototoxicity from topical preparations.
		Ototoxicity of neomycin and polymyxin B following middle ear application in the chinchilla and baboon.
	www.dizziness-and-balance.com /disorders/bilat/ototoxic_drops.htm (1480 words)

	Ototoxic Drugs: The Drugs
		I've started with those known to cause a relatively high incidence of serious ototoxicity, on down to those for which either the use of the drugs themselves, the incidence of ototoxicity, or the severity of ear-related problems, is less well established.
		Intravenous administration increases the risk of ototoxicity and, as is the case with oral therapy, the bigger the dose the greater the risk (and of other side effects or unwanted responses).
		Generally the ototoxicity from loop diuretics is reversible once the dose is lowered or the drug is stopped altogether.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mshlafer/ototox2.html (4832 words)

	Ohio Gentamicin Toxicity Legal Help: Aminoglycoside Damage Cleveland OH Law Case Studies
		Lancione and Lancione, PLL is a Cleveland, Ohio law firm that concentrates on representing plaintiffs in complex medical malpractice cases such as Gentamicin poisoning. Our attorneys have extensive knowledge of the legal and medical aspects of Gentamicin poisoning litigation and offer a free initial consultation to discuss your case.
		It was found that reduced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity was seen without sacrificing the antimicrobial effect in animals receiving large single daily doses versus traditional multiple daily dosing regimens.
		This ototoxicity results in the destruction of the sensory hair cells in the cochlea and the vestibular labyrinth.
	www.lancionelaw.com /PracticeAreas/Gentamicin.asp (1011 words)

	American Hearing Research Foundation (AHRF) Ototoxicity References
		The authors suggest that vancomycin is likely not very ototoxic, but that co-administration of vancomycin with aminoglycosides may be more toxic.
		More selective vestibular ototoxicity is certainly the usual case in humans, at least when toxicity is measured by functional testing (audiometry and rotatory chair testing).
		Inherited susceptibility to aminoglycoside ototoxicity: genetic heterogeneity and clinical implications.
	www.american-hearing.org /disorders/bilat/bilateral_recent.html (970 words)

	Ototoxic Drugs: Background and General Information
		The issue of drug-induced hearing loss (ototoxicity) was one of them, but I didn't pay much attention to it until someone in my family got hearing aids.
		Some ototoxic drugs aren't prescribed all that much; others, however, are widely prescribed (or available over-the-counter for self-prescribing).
		It discusses how common drug-induced ototoxicity may be; potential ototoxins; types of damage that can occur; diagnosis; and treatment.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~mshlafer/ototox.html (1133 words)

	Ototoxicity—The Hidden Menace
		It is not just drugs taken for chemotherapy and life-threatening infections that cause ototoxic reactions, but the little unexpected everyday things too—an ingrown toenail, a sty on your eye, an irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, and on and on it goes.
		Whether the ototoxic side effects result from taking an ototoxic drug for a life-threatening malady or for a relatively minor disorder, the results are the same—lives turned upside down.
		You have taken ototoxic DIURETICS at the same time as other ototoxic drugs or if you have used or are using two or more ototoxic and/or nephrotoxic (toxic to the kidneys) drugs at the same time.
	www.hearinglosshelp.com /articles/ototoxicupheaval.htm (3475 words)

	Antioxidant For Prevention Of Aminoglycosides Ototoxicity In Animals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ototoxicity (loss of hearing or balance) is a well-documented adverse effect of aminoglycosides, and severe ototoxic reactions have been noted in patients receiving these drugs by intraperitoneal lavage.
		The authors have proposed a free-radical hypothesis for the mechanism of aminoglycoside ototoxicity and suggested a therapeutic prevention by the concomitant administration of antioxidants or iron chelators.
		Both strains developed ototoxicity, although different dosages were needed to produce similar auditory deficits (120 mg gentamicin base/kg body weight daily for 19 days vs 135 mg/kg for 14 days).
	www.indegene.com /Nep/Jour/indJour_KI_Sum_01-12-2000_2.asp (325 words)

	Gentamicin induced ototoxicity during treatment of enterococcal endocarditis: resolution with substitution by ...
		Gentamicin induced ototoxicity during treatment of enterococcal endocarditis: resolution with substitution by netilmicin -- East et al.
		Gentamicin induced ototoxicity during treatment of enterococcal endocarditis: resolution with substitution by netilmicin
		nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity caused by the drug’s narrow
	heart.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/91/5/e32 (1018 words)

	American Hearing Research Foundation (AHRF) Ototoxicity From Ear Drops
		There is good evidence for ototoxicity in animals that were administered aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol.
		This result would seem to suggest that the colistin component of Coly-Mycin is ototoxic, and also that propylene glycol in VoSol is ototoxic; however, little conclusion can be drawn about long term effects.
		Additionally, 80% indicated that the risks of hearing loss from otitis media was as great as or greater than the risks of ototoxicity of an ototopical preparation.
	www.american-hearing.org /disorders/bilat/ototoxic_drops.html (1305 words)

	Drug-Induced Ototoxicity: Inner Ear Disorders: Merck Manual Professional
		Factors affecting ototoxicity include dose, duration of therapy, concurrent renal failure, infusion rate, lifetime dose, co-administration with other drugs having ototoxic potential, and genetic susceptibility.
		Ototoxic drugs should not be used for otic topical application when the tympanic membrane is perforated, lest the drugs enter the inner ear.
		If possible before treatment with an ototoxic drug, hearing should be measured and then monitored during treatment; symptoms are not reliable warning signs.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec08/ch086/ch086d.html (467 words)

	Interview with John Rutka MD, Co-Author of “Ototoxicity”
		It is well known to cause nausea and vomiting in most patients, and has ototoxic effects in a large portion of the patients receiving it, too.
		For example, when used in tandem with other agents, it is the standard treatment for many cancers; lung, head and neck, testicular, cervical etc. So yes, it has significant side effects, and they are not to be taken lightly, but they must be considered in perspective, along with the benefits too.
		These newer drugs hold promise too, but the major concern when using chemotherapeutic agents is controlling or ridding the patient of their cancer, so we have to balance the disease process and the treatment side effects.
	www.healthyhearing.com /library/interview_content.asp?interview_id=714 (1401 words)

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