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Topic: Otpor

	Nonviolent Revolution and the Transition to Democracy in Serbia by Albert Cevallos: Special Reports: U.S. Institute of ...
		Otpor exercised these options by adopting a defensive posture in the summer of 2000 after hundreds of its activists had been arrested that spring and, in order to conserve resources and personnel for future actions, refraining from further activity until elections were called in July.
		Otpor also actively recruited sympathizers from within the ruling party's youth wings, from whom it learned valuable information such as what events were being planned to counter its own efforts.
		Otpor refused to relent, suggesting instead that it was in any case just as important to remind the democratic forces that they, too, would be held accountable for their actions.
	www.usip.org /pubs/specialreports/sr72.html (7186 words)

	Otpor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the beginning, Otpor's activities were limited to University of Belgrade.
		Some students who led Otpor (whose name means "Resistance" in the Serbian language) used Serb translations of Gene Sharp's writings on nonviolent action as a theoretical basis for their campaign.
		Otpor became one of the defining symbols of anti-Milosevic struggle and his subsequent overthrow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Otpor (1197 words)

	What Is Otpor?
		In the course of a little over a year and a half of its existence (Otpor was established in autumn 1998), on the territory of Serbia, the police arrested or took into custody about 400 activists of this organisation who have spent the total of 11 thousand hours in custody or prison.
		They are aware in Otpor that Cosic as a political figure is not liked by a big part of their sincere supporters, but on the other hand they are also aware that he is a person who enjoys great respect of a big part of the public.
		After Cosic, Otpor was joined by Velimir Ilic and Milan St. Protic, co-presidents of New Serbia, but also by Vesna Pesic with her Centre for anti-war activities, that is, a group of people of completely different ideology and political commitment.
	www.freeserbia.net /Articles/2000/Otpor.html (1313 words)

	In These Times 25/07 -- Serbia's New New Wave
		Otpor's brash anti-regime slogans and nonviolent theories of resistance took opposition from the cities to the countryside, the bedrock of Milosevic's support.
		Otpor is leaderless and anti-hierarchical, a key to having successfully avoided the dragnet of Milosevic's secret police, and, as the kids put it, a natural response to a lifetime of leadership cult.
		Otpor is also pushing to cut mandatory military service to six months and offer amnesty to those who dodged military duty during the '90s wars.
	www.inthesetimes.com /issue/25/07/hockenos2507.html (887 words)

	[No title]
		Otpor activists have also been repeatedly arrested and questioned by police, the legal basis for their arrest has not always been clear and it appears that the arrests may be an attempt to harass them.
		Otpor along with opposition political parties, the independent media and civil society actors have stood out against the 1998 Law on Public Information which has been used to level heavy fines or short prison sentences not only on members of the independent media, but also on others who have criticized the regime.
		Otpor was originally founded in response to a law passed in May 1998 which gave the Serbian government direct control over the universities, allowing them to appoint the rector and deans of the University of Belgrade.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/europe/document.do?id=438977212807B81B802569120055674B (710 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Analysis: Otpor's challenge to Milosevic
		Otpor began life in 1998 when a group of 15 friends at Belgrade University got together to organise protests against the introduction of repressive laws that were designed to curb media freedom and the autonomy of universities.
		Otpor is not a traditional political party but a movement that often engages in unconventional activities.
		And for long periods of time, while the rest of the opposition was in a state of slumber, Otpor demonstrated that there was a group of people who were prepared to overcome an all-pervasive apathy and demonstrate against the regime.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/749469.stm (766 words)

	Untitled
		Otpor has not been shy about criticizing opposition leaders for their lack of unity and credibility.
		Otpor is proposing a program of civil disobedience, of the kind Gandhi used against the British in India.
		Otpor and the opposition Serbian Renewal Movement have denied the charges, but the regime ignored their pleas, closing down the opposition-controlled, Belgrade-based Studio B television as well as the popular B2-92 radio station.
	www.unmikonline.org /press/wire/im220500.html (4350 words)

	Otpor - SourceWatch
		Otpor is a political youth shock group used for propaganda and provocation in the lead up to the 2000 elections in Serbia.
		Otpor was instrumental in inspiring and training several other civic youth organizations in Eastern Europe, including Kmara in the republic of Georgia (itself partly responsible for the downfall of Eduard Shevardnadze), Pora in Ukraine (currently involved in protests following the Ukrainian presidential election, 2004), Zubr in Belarus (opposing president Alexander Lukashenko), and MJAFT!
		Otpor type of activities entail organizing a militant section of society to instill cynicism in the government, drown out the government's message, and convey the impression that there is broad based support for the opposition.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Otpor (1202 words)

	[news] 'Porous Otpor' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		But while Otpor has played a role in helping Ukrainian student groups and parties marshal their forces, Nenadic and Sikman laugh when asked about media accounts virtually suggesting they directly pull the protesters’ strings in Kiev.
		Otpor, now an NGO called the Centre for Nonviolent Resistance, is “not in the business of exporting revolutions”, Nenadic said.
		Otpor, he recalled, unified Serbia’s almost hopelessly fragmented opposition around a single list of election candidates by creating a non-political umbrella organisation.
	www.mail-archive.com /news@antic.org/msg06769.html (890 words)

	Eliot Ness in the Service of OTPOR
		Robertino Knjur, activist of Otpor, declared recently to Hungarian Magyar Nemzet daily that the citizens of Serbia and Otpor reproach the new regime mostly for not having called to account the people from the former state leadership and other individuals close to it who are “responsible for the destruction of the country”.
		Branimir Nikolic, coordinator of the campaign of Otpor for determination of crimes of representatives of the former regime declared that the citizens had put at the disposal of the team of experts who are engaged in this campaign evidence on embezzlement and criminal acts of some of the directors.
		On November 24, Otpor filed an appeal with the District Public Prosecutor’s Office against director of Subotica Pionir factory Miroljub Aleksic and director of Belgrade Alco Bank Biljana Aleksic for violation of the law in the process of privatisation of Pionir.
	www.freeserbia.net /Articles/2000/Ness.html (1991 words)

	Discussions - FHAO students: post your projects here!
		Otpor is one of the most targeted and mistreated groups in Serbia because of their opposition to and intense criticism of the current government and Milosevic.
		One of the Otpor members was hit with the barrel of the gun until he was able to snatch it and throw it away.
		Otpor has had a particularly rough time in their protests, yet they continue in their struggle, and have recently gotten recognition for their actions.
	www.learntoquestion.com /class/discussion/showthread.php?p=8327 (8621 words)

	A Force More Powerful
		The young people who came to the Otpor offices were all only 6 to 8 years old in 1990 and 1991 when the breakdown of Yugoslavia started.
		Otpor offered these kids a place to gather, a place where they could express their ideas, where they would have friends they could talk to about something other than nightlife and day-to-day life.
		The police said, "Yes, but we recovered Otpor's propaganda materials in his apartment." Almost every house was covered with Otpor propaganda material, as we were handing it out to the people on the streets or dropping them in to the mailboxes.
	www.aforcemorepowerful.org /films/bdd/story/otpor/stanko-lazendic.php (1311 words)

	Escalating Repression in Serbia: CRIME(A Human Rights Watch Press Backgrounder, June 2000)
		Otpor Activists Accused of Assassinating Bosko Perosevic The government has leveled another serious accusation against Otpor activists, alleging that they are behind the May 13 assassination of Bosko Perosevic, president of the Executive Council of Vojvodina in Novi Sad.
		Both Otpor and the Serbian Renewal Movement have denied that Milivoje Gutovic was known to their organizations and condemned the assassination of Perosevic, emphasizing that he was among the few moderates in the SPS leadership.
		The campaign against Otpor, along with the unwillingness of the authorities to provide information to the attorney in Novi Sad and the intervention of the Serbian public prosecutor in the Pozarevac case, raise doubts that investigation and possible trial against Otpor activists can be carried out in a fair and unbiased way.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/eca/serbia0601.htm (3227 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Leading OTPOR activist Ivan Marovic said he saw this as a warning that its supporters may be arested at the rally.
		Pedja Lecic, an Otpor activist from Belgrade, said that all 40 were later released...Opposition leaders said such calls for a crackdown against dissent could lead to a civil war in the country between Milosevic's followers and opponents.
		OTPOR activists from Novi Sad and Belgrade denied that their two colleagues were connected with the murder of Bosko Perosevic.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/bcr/bcr_20000517_media_11_eng.txt (4432 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Otpor activist Milan Samardzic is a law student in Belgrade.
		Samardzic says Otpor is particularly targeting the some 500,000 young people who have not voted in previous elections, many because they were not yet 18, others because they felt alienated from the system.
		Otpor at this stage in its development will not field candidates but rather concentrate on persuading young people to vote.
	www.rferl.org /features/2000/07/f.ru.000719154500.asp (1011 words)

	Otpor: the youths who booted Milosevic
		Otpor became famous because of its favourite weapon: caustic slogans spray-painted on the walls of Serbia’s cities.
		One of Otpor’s greatest strengths lay in its absence of hierarchy, a rule of thumb for a movement grounded in joyous anarchy.
		Otpor could have disbanded on October 6, but, mistrustful of politicians, the movement decided to stay alert and uncompromising until democracy is firmly established.
	www.unesco.org /courier/2001_03/uk/droits.htm (1878 words)

	A Force More Powerful
		There is an organization where we are — the whole story of Otpor, even the recruitment list — you're feeling is like you're joining the army — the army with a mission.
		And the third thing, ”How is Otpor territorially organized?” And then we developed the whole system out of jokes we made with the police.
		In Washington, I was there twice, once in September 1998, and once on February first of the year 2000, trying to influence the people there to support the different nonviolent methods of Otpor, to increase their efforts for the opposition to stay together, to invest in Get-out-the-Vote campaign.
	www.aforcemorepowerful.org /films/bdd/story/otpor/srdja-popovic.php (3633 words)

	Resource Information Center Yugoslavia: Information on Student Political Activists since the fall of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Otpor (Resistance) is a liberal democratic, anti-Milosevic student movement founded in 1998 in response to a restrictive university law.
		Otpor is widely credited with playing a major role in the collapse of the Milosevic government, both because it served as a unifying influence on the otherwise fractious movement of democratic dissent, and because it effectively mobilized large numbers of young people and their supporters in a massive get-out-the-vote campaign.
		Of particular concern is Kostunica's unwillingness to cooperate with the UN war crimes tribunal and his ability to reform the police and implement the rule of law.
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/YUG01001.htm (570 words)

	Serbia: Crackdown on Students Condemned (Human Rights Watch, 1-6-2000)
		Recently, government harassment has included allegations that Otpor activists are engaged in "terrorism," a particularly serious charge which may be a step toward banning the group.
		The Serbian authorities and the media under their control, however, have repeatedly accused Otpor of "terrorism." Most recently, two key activists were accused of involvement in the murder of a prominent politician in the town of Novi Sad, in a case which many independent observers believe is politically motivated.
		Otpor is a loosely structured group that opposes the current government.
	www.hrw.org /press/2000/06/serbotpor.htm (536 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		As the popularity of Otpor, founded by a group of Belgrade university students in 1998, has sky-rocketed in recent months, so raids on the movement's offices and arrests of its activists, for putting up posters, handing out leaflets, even wearing Otpor T-shirts, have been stepped up.
		That is why Otpor has no single leader or figurehead." Studious and often found working at his computer in the organisation's headquarters, Radunovic personifies the movements student roots, but Otpor has long attracted support far beyond the campus.
		So in that sense, Otpor has no role in Kosovo, only in Serbia." As elections approach, Otpor is seeking to function as a kind of pressure group, prodding the conscience of the opposition and bolstering its strength.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/bcr/bcr_20000922_1_eng.txt (594 words)

	Free Serbia - Other voices from Serbia - Comments
		The principal objective of Otpor was not to allow that resistance be confined to the university, but to expand it to all segments of the society.
		The appearance of Otpor on the public scene was of vital importantance for the young people in the countryside, in all those boroughs and villages that were previously untouched by the splendour of the student protest.
		The new government is generously appointing Otpor members to key posts in student and youth institutions, supposedly as a reward for their contribution to the overthrow of the former regime.
	www.xs4all.nl /~freeserb/comments/2001/e-a23012001.html (1635 words)

	Otpor: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		(Otpor launched its "Gotov je" (He's finished) campaign that galvanized Serbian discontent with Milošević and resulted in his defeat.
		Otpor was instrumental in inspiring and training several other in Eastern Europe Eastern Europe quick summary:
		Eastern europe is, by convention, that part of europe from the ural and caucasus mountains in the east to an arbitrarily chosen boundary in the west....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/ot/otpor.htm (785 words)

	Canvas > Serbian Case > Otpor Campaign
		Here we present some of the most important highlights in Otpor's campaigns during 1999 and 2000, but we must underline that the mentioned campaigns were not the only ones, but the major ones.
		OTPOR focused on presenting this condition to the public, as an example for the other problems country faced at this time.
		OTPOR activists were also sending the message of solidarity and unity by organizing support action with every single arrestment case in the country, including media and law help and even Stand - in front of police stations rapid actions.
	www.canvasopedia.org /content/serbian_case/otpor_campaign.htm (1332 words)

	Talk:Otpor - SourceWatch
		Otpor became a political party in 2003 and merged with the Democratic party in 2004.
		Otpor played a role before the elections in 2000 (making pressure on the opposition to unite and campaigning against Milosevic) but did not play any role after the elections and in the takeover of the parliament.
		Otpor advocated for this strategy before the elections, but ws marginalized after the elections took place.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Talk:Otpor&redirect=no (260 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		This time the Otpor handwriting is visible in Ukrainian capital Kiev where it is backing hundreds of thousands of people demand a recount of the vote in the controversial elections.
		Otpor broke new ground when it motivated masses of people to block traffic in city squares in protest against election fraud four years back.
		Otpor activists then helped the opposition pull off a general strike that brought Serbia to a standstill two days before Milosevic fell from power.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=26422 (824 words)

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