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Topic: Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma

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	Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza
		In the autumn of 1577 Farnese was sent to join Don John at the head of reinforcements, and it was mainly his prompt decision at a critical moment that won the Battle of Gemblours in 1578.
		Farnese, as soon as he had obtained a secure basis of operations in Hainaut and Artois, set himself in earnest to the task of reconquering Brabant and Flanders by force of arms.
		Farnese was to have turned his attention back to the northern Netherlands, where the Dutch had regrouped, but on December 23 1589, the French king Henry III was assassinated, and Farnese was ordered into France.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/a/al/alessandro_farnese__duke_of_parma_and_piacenza.html (922 words)

	ALEXANDER FARNESE - LoveToKnow Article on ALEXANDER FARNESE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was the son of Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma, and Margaret of Austria, natural daughter of Charles V. He accompanied his mother to Brussels when she was appointed governor of the Netherlands, and in I565 his marriage with the princess Mhria of Portugal was celebrated in Brussels with great splendour.
		In the autumn of 1577 Farnese was sent to join Don John at the head of reinforcements, and it.was mainly his prompt decision at a critical moment that won the battle of Gemblours (1578).
		In military ability the prince of Parma was inferior to none of his contemporaries, as a skilful diplomatist he was the matcheven of his great antagonist William the Silent, and, like most of the leading statesmen of his day, was unscrupulous as to the means he employed so long as he achieved his ends.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FA/FARNESE_ALEXANDER.htm (1096 words)

	Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (1521 - 1586) was the second son of Pierluigi Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, grandson of Pope Paul III, and brother to Cardinal Ranuccio Farnese.
		Ottavio had become lord of Camerino in 1540, but he gave up that fief when his father became duke of Parma in 1545.
		During the interregnum that followed, Ottavio again tried to induce the governor of Parma to give up the city to him, but met with no better success; however, on the election of Giovan Maria Giocchi to the papacy as Julius III the duchy was conferred on him in 1551.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Ottavio-Farnese-Duke-of-Parma.html (491 words)

	Encyclopedia: Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza
		Parma is a medieval city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, with splendid architecture and a fine countryside around it.
		Maria of Portugal (August 12, 1538,Lisbon-September 7, 1577, Parma, Italy) Princess of Portugal, she was the daughter of Prince Duarte, 4th Duke of Guimarães, and Isabel of Braganza.
		Ranuccio Farnese (March 28, 1569 — March 5, 1622) or Ranuccio I, was the fourth Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1592 until his death.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alessandro-Farnese,-Duke-of-Parma-and-Piacenza (2505 words)

	Alessandro Farnese
		Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma, general, statesman and diplomat, governor-general of the Netherlands under Philip II of Spain, was born at Rome on the 27th of August 1545, and died at the abbey of St. Waast, near Arras, on the 3rd of December 1592.
		He was the son of Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, and Margaret of Austria, natural daughter of Charles V. He accompanied his mother to Brussels when she was appointed governor of the Netherlands, and in 1565 his marriage with the princess Maria of Portugal was celebrated in Brussels with great splendor.
		In military ability the prince of Parma was inferior to none of his contemporaries, as a skilful diplomat he was the match even of his great antagonist William the Silent, and, like most of the leading statesmen of his day, was unscrupulous as to the means he employed so long as he achieved his ends.
	www.nndb.com /people/213/000101907 (1346 words)

	AllRefer.com - Margaret of Parma (Benelux History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Margaret of Parma 1522–86, Spanish regent of the Netherlands; illegitimate daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. She was married (1536) to Alessandro de' Medici (d.
		In 1567 the duke of Alba arrived at Brussels to suppress the opposition by force.
		Margaret's son was the noted general Alessandro Farnese, duke of Parma and Piacenza.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MargP.html (305 words)

	Alexander Farnese -- Alexander Farnese1545-1592 Voorganger:Ottavio Herto... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alexander Farnese (27 augustus 1545 - 3 december 1592) was een Spaans veldheer en landvoogd van de Nederlanden (1578 - 1592) en hertog van Parma en Piacenza (1586-1592).
		Farnese ontpopt zich als een bekwaam militair leider, en slaagt er in om diverse opstandige steden zoals Gent en Antwerpen te veroveren om ze nooit meer los te laten.
		Farnese speelde een belangrijke rol in het beleg van Parijs in 1590.
	hertog-van-parma.nl.tracking24.net (298 words)

	Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		92), the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma and Margaret,the illegitimate daughter of the Habsburg Emperor Charles V.
		In the autumn of 1577 Farnese was sent to join Don John at the head of reinforcements, and it was mainly his prompt decision at acritical moment that won the Battle of Gemblours in 1578.
		With the fall of Antwerp, for Mechelen and Brussels were already in the hands of Farnese, the whole of the southern Netherlands was brought oncemore to recognize the authority of Philip.
	www.therfcc.org /alessandro-farnese%2C-duke-of-parma-and-piacenza-86258.html (893 words)

	Encyclopedia: Struggle for the throne of Portugal
		Ranuccio Farnese (1569-1622), the hereditary duke of Parma and Piacenza, was the son of the late elder daughter of dom Duarte of Portugal, Duke of Guimaraes, the only son of Manoel I whose legitimate descendants survived at that time, Ranuccio was according to the feudal custom the first heir to the throne of Portugal.
		He was the son of Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, and of Maria of Portugal.
		Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (1545 - 1592) was the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma and Margaret, the illegitimate daughter of the Habsburg Emperor Charles V. Thus Alessandro was the nephew of Philip II of Spain and of Don John of Austria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Struggle-for-the-throne-of-Portugal (3986 words)

	Alessandro Farnese Duke of Parma
		Alessandro Farnese, the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese and Margaret of Parma, was born in 1545.
		Parma was unable to help as he had less than twenty ships and most of those were not yet ready to sail.
		The Duke of Parma was sent to France in 1590 to command the Spanish Army against Henry IV.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUDfarnese.htm (891 words)

	Duchy of Parma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the PoRiver, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Piero LodovicoFarnese.
		In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, became alsoDuke of Piacenza, and thus the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma andPiacenza.
		The Farnese continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the Duchywas inherited by the Spanish Infant Don Carlos, whosemother Isabella Farnese was the Farnese heiress.
	www.therfcc.org /duchy-of-parma-65756.html (290 words)

	Heritage and early career (from Alessandro Farnese, duke di Parma e Piacenza) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - ...
		A son of Pier Luigi, Ottavio (duke of Parma from 1547 to 1586), married Margaret, the illegitimate daughter of the Habsburg emperor Charles V; and from this union twins were born, only one of whom, Alessandro, survived.
		Farnese's correspondence of this period is filled with complaints of his enforced idleness.
		In 1578 Farnese fought energetically in the Battle of Gembloux, in which the rebellious Dutch forces were routed, and punished a number of towns with a harshness that contrasts with his subsequent attitude.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-2223?tocId=2223 (462 words)

	Margaret of Austria (1522-1583) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Margaret of Parma (28 December 1522 - 18 January 1586), duchess of Parma and regent of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567, was the illegitimate daughter of Charles V.
		On 4 November 1538 she became the wife of Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma, the grandson of Pope Paul III.
		She had the satisfaction of seeing her son Alexander Farnese appointed to the office she had laid down, and to watch his successful career as governor-general of the Netherlands.
	www.punweb.com /article/Margaret_of_Parma (342 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Alessandro Farnese
		Farnese was employed by the popes on various legations and embassies.
		In 1539, he was legatus a latere of Paul III at the court of Charles V, to make peace between the emperor and the King of France, and to sever the alliance with England, also to arrange for a general council.
		In 1543 he went again to the court of Charles V, and later to that of Francis I, and was present at the meeting of the two sovereigns in Paris, returning with Charles to Flanders.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05788b.htm (553 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Margaret of Parma Margaret of Parma, 1522-86, Spanish regent of the Netherlands; illegitimate daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. She was married (1536) to Alessandro de' Medici (d.
		Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, Prince, 1886-1934, son of Robert, last duke of Parma.
		Bourbon -> The Parma Bourbons The house of Bourbon-Parma was established (1748) in the duchy of Parma and Piacenza by Philip, a younger son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth Farnese of Parma.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=@DOCTITLE+Parma (349 words)

	Margaret of Parma
		Margaret of Parma, also called Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Parma and regent of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567, was a natural daughter of Charles V. Her mother, Margaret van Ghent, was a Fleming.
		She was brought up by her aunts Margaret of Austria and Maria of Hungary, who were successively regents of the Netherlands from 1507 to 1530 and from 1530 to 1555.
		In 1533 she was married to Alexander de Medici, Duke of Florence, who was assassinated in 1537, after which she became the wife of Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, in 1542.
	www.nndb.com /people/081/000095793 (260 words)

	Girolamo Belli
		Ottavio died less than six months later, and one of the first acts of his successor Alessandro was to fire almost the entire ducal musical establishment.
		Belli was able to present the book personally to the Duke, and apparently received an offer of employment in return; however, this time there was only a lapse of six weeks between the dedication of the book, 1 July, and the death of Guglielmo on 14 August.
		In a letter of condolence, sent in 1618 to Duke Ferdinando Gonzaga after the death of Margherita, Belli says that 'while she was at Ferrara...
	www.soton.ac.uk /~lastras/secreta/biogs/composers/gbbiog1.htm (635 words)

	Margaret of Parma: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		She was born Dec. 13, 1942, in Parma Heights, Ohio, and came to Manatee County in 1974 from...
		MARGARET OF PARMA 1522 86, Spanish regent of the Netherlands...her resignation was generally regretted.
		He was the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese and Margaret of Parma and thus a nephew of Philip II and of John of Austria, under whom he distinguished himself at the battle of Lepanto...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101257425 (1619 words)

	Farnese, Alessandro on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		(älĕs-sän´drō färnā´zā), 1545-92, duke of Parma and Piacenza (1586-92), general and diplomat in the service of Philip II of Spain.
		He was the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese and Margaret of Parma and thus a nephew of Philip II and of John of Austria, under whom he distinguished himself at the battle of Lepanto (1571).
		The Farnese circular courtyard at Caprarola: God, geopolitics, genealogy, and gender.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/FarneseA1.asp (366 words)

	Read about Farnese at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Farnese and learn about Farnese here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		antiquities are associated with the Farnese family, either through construction or acquisition.
		Ranuccio I Farnese, fourth Duke of Parma (
		Ranuccio II Farnese, sixth Duke of Parma (
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Farnese (79 words)

	Ottavio Bottecchia - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ottavio Bottecchia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ottavio Bottecchia - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ottavio Bottecchia.
		Ottavio Bottecchia (1 August 1894 - 14 June 1927) was an Italian cyclist.
		Years after his death, a farmer confessed to having thrown a stone at him when he saw Bottecchia taking his grapes.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Ottavio-Bottecchia.html (356 words)

	FARNESE, ALEXANDER (1545-1592) - Online Information article about FARNESE, ALEXANDER (1545-1592) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In military ability the prince of Parma was inferior to none of his contemporaries, as a skilful diplomatist he was the match even of his great antagonist See also:
		conquest of England, and Parma was ordered to collect an enormous flotilla of transpgrts and to keep his army concentrated and trained for the projected invasion of the See also:
		Navarre had altogether altered the situation of affairs, and relieved the pressure upon the Dutch.by creating a diversion, and placing Parma and his army between hostile forces.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/FARNESE_ALEXANDER_1545_1592_.html (1977 words)

	Alessandro Farnese, Duke Of Parma And Piacenza Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Looking For alessandro farnese duke of parma and piacenza - Find alessandro farnese duke of parma and piacenza and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.quiltplace.com /search/encyclopedia/Alessandro_Farnese%2C_Duke_of_Parma_and_Piacenza (1231 words)

	Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza - Open Encyclopedia
		Alessandro Farnese, duke of Parma and Piacenza (1545 - 1592) was the son of Duke Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma and Margaret, the illegitimate daughter of the Habsburg Emperor Charles V.
		Thus Alessandro was the nephew of Philip II of Spain and of Don John of Austria.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Alessandro_Farnese%2C_Duke_of_Parma_and_Piacenza (929 words)

	Farnese - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Ranuccio I Farnese, fourth Duke of Parma (1569—1622)
		Ranuccio II Farnese, sixth Duke of Parma (1630—1694)
		Elizabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain, wife of King Philip V, mother of Charles III (1692—1766)
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=1440465 (144 words)

	Margaret of Parma -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Duchess of Parma, Habsburg regent, and governor-general of the Netherlands (1559–67).
		The illegitimate daughter of Emperor Charles V, she was married first (1536) to Alessandro de' Medici, who was murdered in 1537, and then (1538) to Ottavio Farnese, duke of Parma.
		Appointed to govern the Netherlands by her half brother, Philip II of Spain, Margaret tried to appease the nobility with more moderate treatment of Protestants, but she brought in an army in 1567 after Calvinist extremists attacked Catholic churches.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9371294 (134 words)

	Market of Oudenaarde. Margaretha van Parma. Tourist information about the city of Oudenaarde in Belgium.
		In the corner of the square is a rather remarkable and historically important house to be seen, the house of Margaret of Parma (1522 - 1586), a natural but illegitimate daughter of Emperor Charles V. Her mother, Margaret van Ghent, lived in Oudenaarde.
		Margaret of Parma was appointed regent of the Netherlands, married (1536) to Alessandro de’ Medici (d.
		She subsequently showed favor to the national party, but after the outbreak of violence she turned against the popular leaders (the Counts of Egmont and Hoorn, and William the Silent).
	www.trabel.com /oudenaarde/oudenaarde-market.htm (323 words)

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