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Topic: Otto von Below

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Fritz von Below
		Nevertheless, Fritz von Below was himself a competent rather than spectacular military commander who gained prominence while commanding XXI Corps at the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in February 1915 while serving on the Eastern Front.
		Below, clear in his own mind that an attack was imminent, prepared as best he could, instructing his troops to dig a series of virtually impregnable dugouts to protect his men from the coming artillery storm.
		Fritz von Below, who died in 1918, was awarded Germany's prestigious Pour le Merite on 16 February 1915 for his efforts on both Eastern and Western Fronts (most notably at the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes).
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/below_fritz.htm (601 words)

	General der Infanterie Otto von Below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Otto von Below was born in 1856. He was the youngest General to receive an army command in Germany during WWI. He won the Pour le Merite in 1915. Below then commanded Army Group Below from 1916 through much of 1917, the VI.
		Army from October 1917 until spring 1918. It was with this army that Below gained fame for the breakthrough at Caporetto on 24 October 1917, which caused the Italian III.
		Army and the I. Army, respectively. Otto von Below died in Danzig in 1944.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/below.html (136 words)

	Otto von Guericke
		Otto Gericke was born as son of a patrician family resident for three centuries in Magdeburg.
		When Otto Gericke was 18 years old, his father died and in 1621 he went to Jena to study at the university there.
		Otto von Guericke, demonstrated experimentally the capacity of the atmosphere to do work and decisively refuted the long-held notion that it was impossible for a vacuum to exist.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/GuerickeBio.htm (453 words)

	Generalleutnant Konrad Krafft von Delmensingen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen was born in 1862.
		Following the end of the German offensives in early summer 1918, Krafft was given a corps command on the Western Front and his role was that of a defensive leader until the war's end.
		Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen died in 1953 at Laufen in Bavaria.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/krafft.html (292 words)

	Otto von Guericke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Otto (1602-1686) was a natural philosopher who served as the mayor of Magdeburg, Germany.
		He demonstrated experimentally the capacity of the atmosphere to do work and decisively refuted the long-held notion that it was impossible for a vacuum to exist.
		Otto's electricity-generating machine consisted of a globe of sulfur fixed on a spindle, and pressed with the dry surface of the hands while being made to rotate.
	campus.murraystate.edu /tsm/tsm118/Appendix/guericke.htm (355 words)

	Otto von Below German Otto von Below WWI History of World War I
		Alas for Below his reputation preceded him; his success as a fighting commander at Caporetto served only to alert British Third Army military intelligence of imminent likely attack wherever he was stationed; preparations were consequently undertaken.
		Below was expected to overrun Arras during March 1918; his inability to do so led to the failure of the German campaign to capture the Somme that same month.
		Ending the war from October 1918 in command of First Army, Below oversaw the retreat of the Germans from Reims to positions preparatory for a last stand defence of German territory.
	tbone.8m.com /ottobelow.html (306 words)

	Dynamics of doctrine: the change in German tactical doctrine during the first world war
		For the rest of the war von Lossberg was legendary as the fireman of the western front, always being sent by OHL to the area of crisis.
		Although von Lossberg, it should be remembered, had been a critic of the fluid nature of the elastic defense-in-depth, Ludendorff called upon von Lossberg to rectify the situation at Arras and showed that disagreement did not destroy mutual confidence.
		More recently, in October 1917, a German field army (Fourteenth Army under General Otto von Below), having been formed with units from the western, eastern, and Rumanian fronts, was sent by OHL to northern Italy to cooperate with the Austrians in an offensive against the Italians.
	cgsc.leavenworth.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/Lupfer/lupfer.asp (19681 words)

	Otto Dix Online
		The Orangerie and the Otto Dix House, Gera, Germany
		Otto Dix copyright requests handled by the Artists Rights Society.
		All images and text on this Otto Dix page are copyright 1999-2005 by John Malyon/Artcyclopedia, unless otherwise noted.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /artists/dix_otto.html (533 words)

	Fritz von Below - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fritz Wilhelm Theodor Karl von Below (1853 - 1918) was a commander in the German Army during the First World War.
		He was the cousin of Otto von Below, another German commander during the war.
		This biographical article related to the the military of Germany is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fritz_von_Below (114 words)

	Pour le Mérite
		General Paul von Hindenburg who was called out of retirement received the third award of the war, and the fourth was awarded to General of the Infantry von Zwehl for the conquest of Maubeuge, which was the last major fortress on the German invasion path.
		Fritz von Below awarded on -- 16 Feb. 1915.
		Gen Otto von Below awarded on -- 16 Feb. 1915.
	www.pourlemerite.org /wwi/army/army.html (2181 words)

	Battle of Caporetto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		They were combined with nine Austrian divisions to form the German Fourteenth Army, under the command of General Otto von Below; General Krafft von Delmensinghen was chief of staff.
		Defending the Italian line at this point was the Second Army under General Luigi Capello; he had received general information about an impending attack but had been unwilling to strengthen his defences at their most vulnerable points.
		However, Below's advance guard had crossed the river to the north as early as 2 November, well before the Italian Third Army had reached the area and Cordona was forced to order a further retreat to the River Piave.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/caporetto.htm (650 words)

	Otto von Kotzebue
		You are in: Museum of History >> Hall of North and South Americans >> Otto von Kotzebue
		KOTZEBUE, Otto von, Russian explorer, born in Revel, Russia, 30 December, 1787; died there, 15 February, 1846.
		This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected, associated with or authorized by the individual, family, friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or the subject's entire name.
	www.famousamericans.net /ottovonkotzebue (379 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Austrian Supreme Army Command (especially Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf [q.v.], chief of the Austrian general staff) planned an offensive from north (Southern Tyrol, Trentino) to south (Adriatic Sea) to encircle the Italian troops who attacked the Austrian Isonzo frontline eastwards.
		A new army consisting of six German and seven to nine Austrian divisions (14th Army commanded by the German general Otto von Below) was assembled to break through the Italian lines between Flitsch and Tolmein and to repell the Italians at least to the Tagliamento river.
		Eugen became commander-in-chief of the Army Group Archduke Eugen and thus was the supreme commander of the attacking troops (14th Army + Army Group Boroevic [q.v.]).
	www.gwpda.org /bio/e/eugen.htm (1160 words)

	Heinrich Otto ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Dix was born, educated and taught in Germany and served as a machine gunner on the frontline of the European battlefields in World War 1.
		Otto Dix was born in 1891 in Untermhausen, Thuringia, the son of an ironworker.
		Despite this, and in contrast to other tendencies such as Surrealism and geometrical Abstraction, which came about in a homogenous and organised manner, Realism was a varied and plural trend which acquired different characteristics depending on so...
	www.wwar.com /masters/o/otto-heinrich.html (1364 words)

	Battle of Caporetto, 24 October - 12 November 1917 (Italy)
		Ludendorff decided that the Austrians would probably be unable to withstand another Italian attack, and so decided to launch an attack of his own.
		Kraft von Dellmensingen recommended an attack on the northern end of the Izuno flank, centred on the village of Caporetto.
		Ludendorff agreed to the plan, and sent General Otto von Below to command it.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_caporetto.html (374 words)

	Addingham village /War/The Somme
		But on 2nd February 1916, General Erich Von Falkenhayn struck with unimagined ferocity at Verdun and began a battle into which France fed the best of her armies.
		Some 1.7 million rounds were fired at General Otto Von Below's six front line divisions, who waited out the storm in their under ground galleries.
		The Germans had burrowed deep in the chalky soil, and for all its fury the British barrage had but one large-calibre gun per 55m (60 yards) of front.The shelling ended after a furious crescendo at 07:30 am on 1st July 1916.
	www.addingham.info /war/somme.htm (2699 words)

	Otto von Below
		This regiment was part of the 12th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Brigade of the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division.
		Divisional commander was General of Cavalry Maximilian Freiherr von Speidel.
		General of Infantry Felix Graf von Bothmer temporarily replaces Streck (KIA) as 6th Bavarian Reserve Division commander.
	home.comcast.net /~saviser/hitler.htm (853 words)

	Times of Oman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Some indignantly hold Charles, as commander in chief of the Austro-Hungarian Army, responsible for its use of mustard gas against Italian troops in October 1917 at the Isonzo river.
		But the historian Elisabeth Kovacs argues that the 14th Germany Army, into which the Austro-Hungarian soldiers were integrated, was in fact under the command of German general Otto von Below and that he should bear the blame.
		The Austrian press is ridiculing not only the emperor’s political record but the miracle he allegedly produced to merit beatification.—AFP
	www.timesofoman.com /print.asp?newsid=1707 (300 words)

	Otto Liman von Sanders
		Otto Liman von Sanders was born in 1855.
		Sanders became commander of the Turkish First Army but in March 1915, was replaced by Baron von der Goltz.
		Sanders was now sent to the Dardanelles with the Fifth Army and was credited with masterminding the Allied defeat at Gallipoli.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWsanders.htm (183 words)

	Otto von Bismarck
		Otto von Bismarck was born in Brandenburg, Germany in 1815.
		After a dispute with Kaiser Wilhelm II, Bismarck resigned from office in March, 1890.
		Otto von Bismarck, who spent the rest of his life in retirement, died in 1898.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWbismarck.htm (258 words)

	NewspaperARCHIVE.com - Search old newspapers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Admiral von Tirpitz, Dr. The- obold von Bethmann-Hollweg.
		Taalat Pasha, the grand duko of llcsse; the crown prince of Bavaria; the Duko of Mccklenberg: Otto von Below; Admiral Capelte and nearly all of the famous grand headquarters generals including von Buelow, von Bchler.
		Demand Sons sons of the former l-'.mporer of Germany arc included in the Allied list of -German war guilty, which Baron Kurt von Lcrsncr yes- terday refused to transmit to Ger- many.
	www.newspaperarchive.com /newspapers1/na0008/305752/3328712.html (4197 words)

	Prittwitz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Prittwitz was not Germany's brightest star, but did recognize talent among his staff.
		While his Chief of Staff, Waldersee, was more yes-man than advisor, one young staff officer, Lieutenant Colonel Max von Hoffmann, had the talent for command.
		Hoffmann and Prittwitz planned draw the Russian army commanded by Rennenkampf onto East Prussian soil and defeat it, then turn south to the other Russian army commanded by Samsonov.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/bio/p/pritwitz.html (262 words)

	Band of Brothers - Schwimmfuss's Corner - Message Board - ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Started By Bredow, Adalbert von to Brialmont, Henri Alexis
		Bothmer, Felix von to Boufflers, Louis Francois, Duke de
		Blumenthal, Karl von to Boatner, Haydon L. by: Schwimmfuss
	p089.ezboard.com /fwebandofbrothersfrm60?page=7 (148 words)

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