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Topic: Ottoman Empire

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Ottoman

History of the Ottoman Empire

Military of the Ottoman Empire

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Ottoman Turks

Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire

Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Culture of the Ottoman Empire

Fall of the Ottoman Empire

Reasons for the Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Emperor

Great Turkish war

Ottoman Greece

	Ottoman Empire - MSN Encarta
		Ottoman Empire, dynastic state centered in what is now Turkey, founded in the late 13th century and dismantled in the early 20th century.
		After his death the empire experienced severe internal crises, including disorder in the provinces, unrest in the military as serious inflation caused soldiers to be underpaid or not paid at all, and succession issues due to the lack of candidates who were of age to assume the sultanate.
		To be an Ottoman one had to serve the state and the religion and know the “Ottoman way.” Serving the state meant having a position within the military, the bureaucracy, or the religious establishment that carried with it the coveted askeri status and tax exemption.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553949/Ottoman_Empire.html (6103 words)

	Introduction to Armenian Issue - FORSNET
		Though there were many Armenians fighting in the Ottoman armies against the enemy or serving in the rear ranks during the World War I, a considerable number had sided with the foes on the battlefronts and launched massacres against the population without distinction of women, children and the aged.
		The measures adopted by the Ottoman Empire to stop this violence were presented to the rest of the world under a completely different light and the Armenians, misguided by the promises and instigation of the Western Powers started to undermine the country where they had led a privileged life more than a thousand years.
		With this measure, the Ottoman Empire also intended to save the lives of the Armenians who were living in a medium of civil war because Turks started to counter-attack the Armenians who had performed bloody atrocities against Turkish communities.
	www.ermenisorunu.gen.tr /english/intro (1643 words)

	Ottoman Empire - MSN Encarta
		The Ottomans claimed to be the true heirs of the Seljuks and the Turkish element was also soon given a new polish with the claim that the Ottomans were descended from the Oghuz Turks, regarded as the founders of the Turkish race in Central Asia.
		Suleiman I (the Magnificent), the son and successor of Selim I, is commonly acclaimed as the greatest of Ottoman rulers.
		Thirty six sultans from the house of Osman ruled the Ottoman empire during its history, and loyalty to the Ottoman dynasty was a powerful factor in the endurance of the empire.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553949/Ottoman_Empire.html (2009 words)

	Ottoman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Early historiography of the empire was based largely on analysis of Ottoman military victories and defeats, while current approaches take a wider perspective, the scope of which includes the social dynamics of territorial growth and dissolution, and the examination of economic factors and their role in the empire's eventual stagnation and decline.
		The core of the Ottoman Empire, the Kayi tribe of Oğuz Turks, was part of the westward Turkic migrations from Central Asia that began during the 10th century.
		Ultimately, the Ottoman Empire's relatively high degree of tolerance for ethnic differences proved to be one of its greatest strengths in integrating the new regions until the rise of nationalism (this non-assimilative policy became a weakness during the dissolution of the empire that neither the first or second parliaments could successfully address).
	www.tocatch.info /en/Ottoman_Empire.htm (7050 words)

	Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With the westward territorial expansion of the Mongol Empire, the Kayı became a puppet and vassal of the Il Khanate of the Mongols.
		The Ottoman defeat at the naval Battle of Lepanto (1571) weakened the Ottoman grip on the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and was considered by earlier historians to mark the beginning of Ottoman decline.
		Ultimately, the Ottoman Empire's relatively high degree of tolerance for ethnic differences proved to be one of its greatest strengths in integrating the new regions until the rise of nationalism (this non-assimilative policy became a weakness during the dissolution of the empire that neither the first or second parliaments could successfully address).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ottoman_Empire (9196 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Ottoman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Empire was situated in the middle of East and West, and interacted throughout its six-century history with both the East and the West.
		Ottoman system was a three court system composed from one for the Muslims with the kadi (read judges), one for the non-Muslim (appointed Jews and Christians ruled over their religious areas) and another for the trade (originated after the capitulations).
		For centuries, the Ottoman Empire was the refuge of the Jews of Europe.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Ottoman_Empire (5811 words)

	Ottoman Empire Summary
		With the Mongol Empire extending to west, the Kayı became a puppet and vassal of the Il Khanate of the Mongol Empire.
		According to Ottoman understanding, the state's primary responsibility was to defend and extend the land of the Muslims and to ensure security and harmony within its borders within the overarching context of orthodox sunni Islamic practice and dynastic sovereignty.
		Ultimately, the Ottoman Empire's relatively high degree of tolerance on the level of ethnicity proved to be one of its greatest strengths in integrating the new regions until the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire.
	www.bookrags.com /Ottoman_Empire (10281 words)

	Ottoman Empire at AllExperts
		With the territorial expansion of the Mongol Empire to the west, the KayÄ± became a puppet and vassal of the Il Khanate of the Mongols.
		The expansionist policies of the Ottoman Empire did not lead to total war, given the fact that the Ottoman raids in the Balkans were not undertaken with the aim of destruction and booty, but with the goal of Ottoman settlement in the area.
		Ultimately, the Ottoman Empire's relatively high degree of tolerance on the level of ethnicity proved to be one of its greatest strengths in integrating the new regions until the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire.
	en.allexperts.com /e/o/ot/ottoman_empire.htm (9393 words)

	Royalty.nu - Sultans of the Ottoman Empire - History of Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Ottoman Empire arose from a Turkish principality founded in Anatolia (Asia Minor) at the end of the 13th century, when the empire of the Seljuk Turks had collapsed and the Byzantine Empire was crumbling.
		The modernization of the empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries, the spread of nationalism, the empire's demise, and the rise of the Republic of Turkey.
		Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire by Bernard Lewis.
	www.royalty.nu /history/empires/Ottoman (2556 words)

	Brief History of Ottoman Empire
		The population of the Ottoman empire was mixed linguistically, culturally, and by religion.
		The collapse and extinction of the Ottoman empire was a consequence of World War I. The government made the mistake of entering the war on the side of the Central Powers, and the defeat of Germany meant the end for the Ottomans.
		It was an empire with a talent for war and government and also had grasped one great imperial secret: empires depend on minimal government for their survival; once they begin to interfere too much with the lives of their citizens, people begin to think they could run their own affairs better.
	www.ottomansouvenir.com /General/more_on_ottoman_empire.htm (2822 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ottoman Empire
		The core of the Ottoman Empire, the Kayi tribe of Oğuz Turks, was part of the westward Turkic migrations from Central Asia that began during the 10th century.
		The Empire faced military challenges in defending itself against foreign invasion and occupation: Egypt, for instance, was occupied by the French in 1798, while Cyprus was loaned to the British in 1878 in exchange of Britain's favors at the Congress of Berlin following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire at the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.
		Ultimately, the Ottoman Empire's relatively high degree of tolerance for ethnic differences proved to be one of its greatest strengths in integrating the new regions until the rise of nationalism (this non-assimilative policy became a weakness during the dissolution of the empire that neither the first or second parliaments could successfully address).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ottoman_Empire (10718 words)

	The Ottomans and their dynasty - All About Turkey
		Although the Ottoman Empire is not considered a European kingdom per se, Ottoman expansion had a profound impact on a continent already stunned by the calamities of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and the Ottoman Turks must, therefore, be considered in any study of Europe in the late Middle Ages.
		Some historians consider that this policy of imprisonment contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire as mentally unstable and politically inexperienced sultans were rescued from prison and placed upon the throne.
		As the Ottoman Empire expanded, it acquired control of the trade routes to the East and many European powers, such as Venice and Genoa, paid great sums for the privilege of access to these routes.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /ottoman.htm (1765 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - Ottoman Turks
		Although the Ottoman Empire is not considered a European kingdom per se, Ottoman expansion had a profound impact on a continent already stunned by the calamities of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and the Ottoman Turks must, therefore, be considered in any study of Europe in the late Middle Ages.
		The ease with which the Ottoman Empire achieved military victories led Western Europeans to fear that ongoing Ottoman success would collapse the political and social infrastructure of the West and bring about the downfall of Christendom.
		While the gazi warriors fought for Islam, the greatest military asset of the Ottoman Empire was the standing paid army of Christian soldiers, the janissaries.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/ottoman.html (1146 words)

	Ottoman Empire - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Ottoman Empire, or “Shandydom” as it’s colloquially known, is a fictitious construction, created and utilised by parents to friction their spawn into good behaviour, much like the Bogeyman, Wind-changing, Santa Claus and the pink cardigans.
		The empire based its coat of arms on the shape of each members faeces on 13th March, Trillion B.C. One of the most well known historical events in the ottoman empire was the "war on jews" which at the time was known as 'the war on terror'.
		Often confused with the Ottoman empire is Otto M Emperor, a 1970’s cartoon dancing panda on the TV sitcom, “That Nineties Show”.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Ottoman (1049 words)

	ottoman
		For administrative purposes, Ottoman Iraq was divided into the three central eyalets of Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra, with the northern eyalet of Sharihzor, east of the Tigris, and the southern eyalet of Al-Hasa, on the western coast of the Persian Gulf.
		Absorbed piecemeal by the Ottoman sultans Selim I and Süleyman I in the 16th century, this region on the empire's eastern periphery was the battleground in recurrent struggles between the Sunnite Ottomans and the Shi'ite rulers of Iran and was subject to frequent Arab and Kurdish tribal disturbances.
		The Ottomans at first attempted to rule the Iraqi provinces directly, but in the 17th and 18th centuries a weakened government in Istanbul was obliged to concede extensive autonomy to the governors, and some areas were beyond the reach of Ottoman authority for extended periods.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/ottoman.html (689 words)

	[No title]
		This volume covers the rise of the Ottomans, and their early years of fighting for a foothold across the Bosphorus, before exploring the main campaigns and the part played by such elite troops as the Janissaries and the Sipahis.
		On the occupied territories, the Ottoman Empire immediately established its authorities and founded its military and administrative districts, the so-called sanjaks, which were divided intojuridical districts, the so-called cadiluks.
		The empire flourished under his direction; the population grew, road and caravansary networks were extended, trade prospered, and his military machine enjoyed success after success.
	www.lycos.com /info/ottoman-empire--miscellaneous.html (669 words)

	Ottoman Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The early phase of Ottoman expansion took place under Osman I, Orkhan, Murad I, and Beyazid I at the expense of the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
		The Ottoman siege of Constantinople was lifted at the appearance of Timur, who defeated and captured Beyazid in 1402.
		The first serious blow by Europe to the empire was the naval defeat of Lepanto (1571; see Lepanto, battle of), inflicted on the fleet of Selim II by the Spanish and Venetians under John of Austria.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ot/OttomanE.html (1638 words)

	Ottoman Empire - Crystalinks
		The empire they built was the largest and most influential of the Muslim empires of the modern period, and their culture and military expansion crossed over into Europe.
		While historians like to talk about empires in terms of growth and decline, the Ottomans were a force to be reckoned with, militarily and culturally, right up until the break-up of the empire in the first decades of this century.
		The Ottoman Empire was a vast state founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes in Anatolia and ruled by the descendants of Osman I until its dissolution in 1918.
	www.crystalinks.com /ottomanempire.html (1735 words)

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