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	Ottoman classical music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ottoman classical music (Türk Sanat Müziği) is a kind of music that developed parallel with the Ottoman Empire.
		With the decline of the empire in the early 19th century, the music gradually evolved from serious artistic music to shallow "metropolitan entertainment music" [1].
		The Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic state, and cultural influences, include music, were shared by groups including the Turks, Armenians, Arabs, Greeks, Byzantines, Persians and Jews.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ottoman_classical_music (160 words)

	Classical music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Classical music is generally thought of as sophisticated and refined; it may stem from a regional tradition, but aspires to universal form of communication.
		Classical music is sometimes defined as music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of art, ecclesiastical, and concert music.
		In the English language, the term "classical music" is a homophoric reference to European classical music, such as Beethoven's symphonies, and its derivative styles, and rarely used to refer to traditional musical styles of other regions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classical_music (238 words)

	Classical music - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Classical music is music considered classical, as sophisticated and refined, in a regional tradition.
		Most classical music traditions mentioned in the previous section had at least an early part of their historical development overlapping with the popular and folk music genres of their day.
		For Western classical music this is the Classical music era, a period of about 50 years starting in the second half of the 18th century (with Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven as its most famous exponents).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Classical_music (1034 words)

	Music of Turkey - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		During the Ottoman era, Turkish classical music was known to be the authentic music of Turkey.
		Kurdish music is characterized by simple melodies, with a range of only three or four notes, and strophic songs, in which an identical line of poetry and music occur at the end of each stanza.
		European classical composers in the 18th century were fascinated by Turkish music, particularly the strong role given to the brass and percussion instruments in Janissary bands.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Music_of_Turkey (2251 words)

	Encyclopedia: Classical-music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized December 17, 1770 – March 26, 1827) was a German composer of Classical music, the predominant musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras.
		music of the Classical music era, roughly between 1740 and 1830 and characterized by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Josef Haydn
		Hindustani (à¤¹à¤¿à¤¨à¥â€à¤¦à¥à¤¸à¥â€à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨à¥€) Classical Music is an Indian classical music tradition originating in the North of the Indian subcontinent circa the 13th and 14th centuries CE.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Classical_music (981 words)

	Turkish Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Ottoman musical tradition was based neither on ethnic conventions, nor was it limited to the liturgical functions of music.
		Ottoman music owes the bulk of its written authentic repertoire to three non-Muslim musicians: Ali Ufki (17th c.), a Pole taken captive in war, known as Albert Bobowski in Western sources, Demetrius Cantemir (1773-1723), prince of Moldavia, and Hampartzum Limonciyan (1768-1839), chief musician of the Armenian Church in Istanbul.
		In classical music the first master of the violin was kemani Âma Yorgi (Violinist Yorgi the Blind), who was active in the court of Sultan Mahmud I (1730-1754).
	www.lesartsturcs.com /music/classical_ottoman.html (2476 words)

	Encyclopedia: Classical music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jump to: navigation, search Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially.
		Musical genres Andalusian classical music is a style of classical music found across North Africa, though it evolved out of the music of Andalusia between the 10th and 15th centuries.
		Classical Jazz is a mixture of orchestrations with the traditional jazz stylistic rythem.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/classical-music (981 words)

	Sultan Composers
		Ottoman court music of the 15th and 16th centuries, while, on the one hand, keeping in constant and close touch with both the theory and the practice of the music of the Eastern Islamic cultural environment, was also strongly characterized by local cultural features.
		In the 18th century of the Ottoman court found itself in a period characterized by the rapid decline of the State and it was towards the end of the century that preferences in the cultural field began to be directed towards the West.
		From this time onwards, Ottoman music was to lose its traditional character and to turn to the West, with the court performing its function as patron of the art of music by concentrating on the encouragement of music in the Western style.
	www.ottomansouvenir.com /Music/Albums/sultan_composers.htm (4425 words)

	Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture - Ottoman Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The form of music today generally known as Türk Sanat Müziği, or Ottoman Classical Music, matured, developed in form and aesthetics and came to assume the identity of a form of classical music in parallel to the establishment, growth and increasing strength of the Ottoman state itself.
		Ottoman music was influenced by other musical cultures as new nations became absorbed into the empire, giving and receiving various elements.
		Ottoman music was formed and given voice in the ‘Fasıl,’ itself based on unity of mode.
	www.kultur.gov.tr /portal/kultur_en.asp?belgeno=5882 (982 words)

	THE OTTOMAN MUSIC
		Ottoman music is the crystalized branch of the Ottoman art in sound, as opposed to stone in architecture, an art that the westerners used to call “the sublime art” in its manifestations in tezhib (gold ornamentation), nakş (miniature), carpets, hat (calligraphy) and ebru (paper marbling).
		The classical music performed in the court and elite circles has very little resemblance to modern choirs, because choir is an application that stands in direct opposition to the principal character of the Ottoman music.
		The evolution of the Ottoman music did not always follow a parallel to the stages of the evolution of the Empire in terms of her political and economic dimensions.
	www.turkmusikisi.com /osmanli_musikisi/the_ottoman_music.htm (6631 words)

	Turkish music is a fusion of classical art music, folk songs, Ottoman military music, Islamic hymns and the norms of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Classical Turkish music is the courtly music of the Ottoman sultans that is an offspring of the Arabic and Persian traditions.Turkish military music of the Janissary Band influenced 18th and 19th century European music, with its percussive character, aksak rhythms and mystical tones.
		Music festivals that are held yearly in Istanbul (for 25 years) and Ankara (for 14 years) are the members of European Festivals Associations.
		Fresko Romano of Ortakoy (1745-1814), known as Tanburi Izak in Ottoman music, was not recorded in the history as a synagogue cantor but as one of the remarkable composers of Ottoman music and the greatest representative of the traditional tanbur style and also the tanbur teacher of Sultan Selim III.
	www.lesartsturcs.com /music/index.html (1666 words)

	Western Music in Turkey from the Nineteenth Century to the Present
		It was considered a privilege at the time to be educated in the harem and she made particular use of the music instruction she received as a resident of the palace.
		Ottoman composers were influenced and inspired by these performances and became interested in writing music for the theater.
		Ottoman art and culture were shunned during this period, including music, which was banned for a short time from radio broadcasts, and attention was drawn to folk art, poetry and music from all parts of Turkey.
	www.newmusicon.org /v11n1/v111turkey.html (2497 words)

	Classical Music Today
		CLASSICAL MUSIC TODAY is the new quarterly newsletter devoted to everything that's brand-new and interesting in the world of classical music.
		The publication, distributed only via US Mail, is the definitive source of information for those who enjoy listening to classical music - whether live in the concert hall, or in the privacy of their home.
		CLASSICAL MUSIC TODAY is the source for inside information, celebrity news, who's who, music festivals, trends, concert reviews, behind-the-scene happenings, new recordings, orchestra news, new works, profiles of present day composers and conductors, and so much more - all national in scope.
	www.classicalmusictoday.com (148 words)

	classical music - andante - west meets east (again): a defense of the new orientalism
		With Asian music and culture on display in concert halls across North America, some critics are grumbling about the dangers of cultural appropriation, but Paul Mitchinson says just relax — and enjoy the show.
		Madama Butterfly might be a tragic love story set to exquisite music, but the fact that it quotes a dozen authentic Japanese folk melodies, and is orchestrated with tubular bells, a glockenspiel and a tam tam, does not make it a reliable guide to Japanese culture.
		This tangle of appropriations might be one reason why music is often misleadingly called a "universal language." The organizers of recent performances of Asian music have certainly tried to present their concerts in such a light.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=18478 (1466 words)

	Classical Music and Culture--On the Same Slippery Slope?
		The audio pathway to the human psyche and soul, which is music’s approach, is different than the visual pathway, and what can pass for artistic wholeness in a painting can not be so easily replicated with discordant and apparently disorganized sound.
		The net result musically was a superior triumphal sort of discourse among the elite establishment.
		The avant garde music produced was a miracle of orchestral and instrumental virtuosity,---and cacophony--- that may have titillated but never enthralled.
	www.spectacle.org /0702/sy.html (1765 words)

	ATMG - Anatolian Culture
		Ottoman society was composed of various religious and ethnic groups with each community having their own way of life, traditions, customs and mores.
		Ottoman Music, in its formative years, combined the influences of Herat, Baghdad and Samarkand with those local Anatolian and Istanbul genres, setting up a new tradition.
		Ottoman Jewish liturgical music borrowed classical Ottoman improvisation in the seventeenth century and used it in Istanbul
	www.atmg.org /Culture.html (4117 words)

	New Recordings of Turkish Classical Music [MESA Bulletin, Dec 1994]
		As the courtly music declined in the later nineteenth century the ssarki was adopted by the modern nightclub (gazino) where it became the central genre of the nightclub fasil.
		All of these fasils and takims of ssarki represent the core of the currently performed classical Ottoman repertoire, most of which were documented and published either by Rauf Yekta Bey in the 1920s or by his successors in the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory in the 1950s.
		This reflects the radio and concert performance practice of the last thirty years whereby the total musicality of the performance is sacrificed for the professional prestige of either the vocalist or the choral conductor.
	w3fp.arizona.edu /mesassoc/Bulletin/feldman.htm (1460 words)

	Review Music of the Ottoman Empire: Turkish Classical Music - Computer Toaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Music / Music of the Ottoman Empire: Turkish Classical Music
		The music on this album is very good, unique, and has fascinating liner notes.
		One caveat: the music on the CD is newer than the cover would have you believe.
	computertoaster.com /reviews/asinsearch_B00005QD69 (143 words)

	The Contributions of Multi-Nationality To Classical Ottoman Music I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Ottoman society, which was composed of various religious and ethnic communities, several different cultures existed side by side, each community having its own way of life, traditions, customs and mores.
		Hence, Ottoman music became, so to speak, an art music which stood above all the local, ethnic, and religious musical conventions.
		They were always valued for their musical knowledge and talents.
	yunus.cmpe.boun.edu.tr /~hocaoglu/music/articles/aksoy.htm (2586 words)

	Archive of World Music - Loeb Music Library - Harvard College Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Archive of World Music, a collection of the Loeb Music Library, was established in 1976 by Professor John Ward and in 1992, with the appointment of Kay Kaufman Shelemay as Harvard's first senior professor of ethnomusicology, moved to the Loeb Music Library to become one of its special collections.
		The Archive of World Music is a closed-stack, non-circulating collection whose materials are available for use during the normal business Hours of the Loeb Music Library.
		The James A. Rubin Collection of South Indian Classical Music, more than 2,000 hours of recordings, features some of the finest musicians of the 20th century.
	hcl.harvard.edu /libraries/loebmusic/collections/archive.html (1310 words)

	Classical Net Review - Vivaldi - Juditha Triumphans
		The Biblical Judith pretends to be a deserter and persuades Holofernes to wait for a sign from heaven; here she comes to plead for peace and simply waits for him to fall asleep.
		The conclusion puts the piece into an allegorical setting, by drawing a parallel between Judith and Holofernes on the one hand and the Venetians and the Ottoman Turks with whom they were at war on the other.
		Use of text, images, or any other copyrightable material contained in these pages, without the written permission of the copyright holder, except as specified in the Copyright Notice, is strictly prohibited.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/h/hyp67281a.html (637 words)

	Armenian music
		Armenia is in the Caucasus Mountains, and Armenian music is a mix of indigenous folk music, perhaps best-represented by Djivan Gasparyan's well-known duduk music, as well as light pop similar to nearby Middle-Eastern countries, and extensive Christian music, due to Armenia's status as the oldest Christian nation in the world.
		Armenian music of religion remained liturgical until Komitas Vardapet introduced polyphony in the end of the 19th century.
		While under Soviet domination, Armenian music of the folk nature was taught in a rigidly controlled manner at conservatoires.
	armenian-music.tripod.com (597 words)

	Ottoman Classical Music Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Honest Music Download Web Reviews - Enjoy music downloads without getting in trouble by downloading the legal music, MP3's and songs.
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		Help Those Affected By Hurricane Katrina - Your support is critical to those that have been impacted by this national disaster.
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Ottoman_classical_music (372 words)

	classical music - andante - composer andreas makris has died at age 74
		In 1950, he moved to the United States to study at Phillips University in Enid, Oklahoma, the Kansas City Conservatory, Mannes College of Music in New York and the Aspen Music Festival in Colorado.
		He was a member of the orchestra's violin section from 1961 to 1989 and received many awards, including a National Endowment for the Arts grant, an ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) Award and the Martha Baird Rockefeller Fund for Music Award.
		Makris also said he met with his first music teacher, a woman who taught him piano before he was forced to give up his lessons during World War II.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=25150 (745 words)

	Classical Music Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		See a huge selection of music at MSN shopping.
		Music, Songs and Lyrical Interpretations - Search our database of over 10,000 songs and lyrics by famous artists for interpretational meaning.
		Every Available Music Title On DVD - From Bach To Beethoven & The Beach Boys To The Beatles DVD4Music offers A Complete Music Choice On DVD & DVD-Audio
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Classical_music (420 words)

	'Turkey - Music of the Ottoman Empire [Turkish Classical Music - Darus Sifa]' by Various Artists from The Portsmouth ...
		Turkey - Music of the Ottoman Empire [Turkish Classical Music - Darus Sifa], Various Artists.
		Turkey - Music of the Ottoman Empire [Turkish Classical Music - Darus Sifa]
		If you want to dive into a timeless world, Music of the Ottoman Empire: Turkish Classical Music could be your ticket to ride.
	www.theportsmouthchorus.com /music-cd/B00005NTLN (476 words)

	Ahenk, Turkish Classical Music
		This is a must have for anyone who enjoys either Turkish or Middle Eastern music.
		I was searching for a representative of the Classical Turkish Music to introduce my friends to Turkish music and I was very happy when I found this one.
		The music has a good "old" quality that takes you to the Ottoman palace and starts you to dream.
	www.wkonline.com /a/Turkish_Classical_Music_B00000K07O.htm (166 words)

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