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	Sultan Composers
		Ottoman court music of the 15th and 16th centuries, while, on the one hand, keeping in constant and close touch with both the theory and the practice of the music of the Eastern Islamic cultural environment, was also strongly characterized by local cultural features.
		In the 18th century of the Ottoman court found itself in a period characterized by the rapid decline of the State and it was towards the end of the century that preferences in the cultural field began to be directed towards the West.
		From this time onwards, Ottoman music was to lose its traditional character and to turn to the West, with the court performing its function as patron of the art of music by concentrating on the encouragement of music in the Western style.
	www.ottomansouvenir.com /Music/Albums/sultan_composers.htm (4425 words)

	THE OTTOMAN MUSIC
		Ottoman music is the crystalized branch of the Ottoman art in sound, as opposed to stone in architecture, an art that the westerners used to call “the sublime art” in its manifestations in tezhib (gold ornamentation), nakş (miniature), carpets, hat (calligraphy) and ebru (paper marbling).
		The classical music performed in the court and elite circles has very little resemblance to modern choirs, because choir is an application that stands in direct opposition to the principal character of the Ottoman music.
		The evolution of the Ottoman music did not always follow a parallel to the stages of the evolution of the Empire in terms of her political and economic dimensions.
	www.turkmusikisi.com /osmanli_musikisi/the_ottoman_music.htm (6631 words)

	Ottoman and Anatolian Folk Songs
		This type of music, today mostly called as “Classical Turkish Music” or “Turkish Artistic Music” prospered, ripened, improved its form/esthetics and gained the identity of an artistic music in parallel with the establishment, growth and strengthening of the Ottoman State.
		Ottoman Artistic Music was influenced by the music cultures of new countries that joined the empire and it received and gave out elements.
		The music that has been continued to be produced under the title of “Turkish Artistic Music or Classical Turkish Music” to date and gradually transformed into popular forms can be considered to be an extension of Ottoman music that transformed into today's norms.
	www.ottomansouvenir.com /Music/Ottoman_and_Anatolian_Folk_Songs.htm (1856 words)

	Turkish Classical Music
		The form of music today generally known as Türk Sanat Müziği, or Ottoman Classical Music, matured, developed in form and aesthetics and came to assume the identity of a form of classical music in parallel to the establishment, growth and increasing strength of the Ottoman state itself.
		Ottoman music was influenced by other musical cultures as new nations became absorbed into the empire, giving and receiving various elements.
		Ottoman music was formed and given voice in the ‘Fasıl,’ itself based on unity of mode.
	www.oud.gr /music_turkey.htm (964 words)

	The Contributions of Multi-Nationality To Classical Ottoman Music I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Ottoman musical tradition was based neither on ethnic conventions, nor was it limited to the liturgical functions of music.
		Fresko Romano of Ortakoy (1745-1814), known as Tanburi Izak in Ottoman music, was not recorded in the history as a synagogue cantor but as one of the remarkable composers of Ottoman music and the greatest representative of the traditional tanbur style and also the tanbur teacher of Sultan Selim III.
		Ottoman music owes the bulk of its written authentic repertoire to three non-Muslim musicians: Ali Ufki (17th c.), a Pole taken captive in war, known as Albert Bobowski in Western sources, Demetrius Cantemir (1773-1723), prince of Moldavia, and Hampartzum Limonciyan (1768-1839), chief musician of the Armenian Church in Istanbul.
	yunus.cmpe.boun.edu.tr /~hocaoglu/music/articles/aksoy.htm (2586 words)

	New Sounds in World Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A stylized modal, rhythmic, and improvisational music which requires much craft in accurate rendition, Ottoman music of the Sultans tends to focus on light verse as text, as opposed to more spiritual elucidations in other musical genres.
		Erotic dance, the predecessor of belly dance, was combined with sacred dance (the ancestor of the whirling dervish tradition) in such a way as to portray major life elements such as lust, spiritual intoxication, and both village and court activities.
		The final volume of the exquisite set of CDs of Ottoman music, Ottoman Suite is a compilation, or "fasil", of characteristic pieces in a single mode (makam) as they might well appear in a court performance.
	www.insideworldmusic.com /library/blrevs63.htm (437 words)

	Western Music in Turkey from the Nineteenth Century to the Present
		It was considered a privilege at the time to be educated in the harem and she made particular use of the music instruction she received as a resident of the palace.
		Ottoman composers were influenced and inspired by these performances and became interested in writing music for the theater.
		Ottoman art and culture were shunned during this period, including music, which was banned for a short time from radio broadcasts, and attention was drawn to folk art, poetry and music from all parts of Turkey.
	www.newmusicon.org /v11n1/v111turkey.html (2497 words)

	Ottoman classical music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ottoman classical music (Türk Klasik Müziği) is a kind of music that developed in parallel with the Ottoman Empire.
		With the decline of the empire in the early 19th century, the music gradually evolved from serious artistic music to shallow "metropolitan entertainment music"
		The Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic state, and cultural influences, including music, were shared by groups including the Turks, Armenians, Greeks, Kurds, Arabs, Persians, Assyrians and Jews.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ottoman_classical_music (455 words)

	Music of the Mystics (11.17.05)
		The Ottoman Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries is one of those relatively tolerant polyglot societies, and it is the focus of this season's Shared Sacred Space series.
		The Ottoman Empire of the 17th and 18th centuries was a vast cultural crossroads where Turkish, Sufi (a mystical form of Islam), Jewish and Christian cultures mingled and thrived.
		He is a Fellow of the Center for Jewish Music Research at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and a co-editor of the Medimuses Project for Modal Musics of the Mediterranean for the EnChordais School in Thessaloniki, Greece.
	www.92y.org /content/music_of_the_mystics.asp (1892 words)

	Ottoman Music - Travelers' Stories About Turkey
		Music occupied a very important place in Ottoman society, and the court did not begrudge music the support it gave to the other arts.
		Music for accompaniment, on the other hand, was highly important for the art dances performed sometimes by women and sometimes by men dressed as women.
		The fact that music appeared in the festivities simultaneously with other types of performance did cause one problem: when different kinds of music were played at the same time, they struck the ear all together, and there was no way to make a choice.
	www.adiyamanli.org /travel/index.php?showtopic=138 (1143 words)

	Traditional Music in Turkey
		Much of this is orchestral music, tied to various functions, and not of the highest interest to me. Aside from that, however, Ottoman music is of definite historical interest, with developments paralleling many of those for European music.
		For instance, Ottoman court music underwent a distinct stylistic shift in the mid-1700s, and again in the very early 1900s, when it disappeared as a living entity.
		Besides the revival of this later Ottoman music, based upon direct remnants of c.1900 culture, there is the beginning of an "early music" movement in Turkey, concentrating on music from the 1600s and earlier.
	www.medieval.org /music/world/turkish.html (693 words)

	Ottoman Calligraphy: Music for the eyes Graphis - Find Articles
		Ottoman Calligraphy: Music for the Eyes As the most important aesthetic expression in the Islamic world for centuries, Ottoman calligraphy nearly vanished in modern Turkey.
		In 1453, with the Turkish conquest of Constantinople, the matrix of calligraphy moved to that Ottoman capital.
		The Ottoman calligraphers maintained their predominance through the first decades of the 20th century-outlasting their empire, which lost its effective power at least a century earlier.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3992/is_200111/ai_n8999557 (813 words)

	Music of the Mystics: Romeiko Ensemble and Israel Maftirim (1.26.06)
		The program focuses on Cordova's music and features pieces discovered only last year among Cordova's family members; this performance at the 92nd Street Y is the first time this music is being performed in the U.S. The debut performance of the work was given last year in Jerusalem.
		The Israel Maftirim Ensemble was formed in Jerusalem in 2003 by Professor Edwin Seroussi, director of the Jewish Music Research Center of the Hebrew University, in consultation with Dr. Walter Zev Feldman, as part of an ongoing project to document and transmit the classical religious tradition of Turkish Sephardi Jewry.
		YORGOS BILALIS was born in Athens, Greece, where he studied Byzantine music theory at the Simon Karas National School in Athens and Ottoman music theory in the New England Conservatory in Boston with Feridun Ozgoren.
	www.92y.org /content/music_of_the_mystics_romeiko.asp (2173 words)

	Turkish Music,music in turkey,turkish music,islamic music,art,ottoman music,music in Istanbul,Abbasid and the ...
		When describing Turkish music today it is generally said that Ottoman composers availed themselves of the rich musical heritage found in the cultural centers of the Abbasid and the Timurogullari, where Turkish, Araband Iranian musicians performed and created music known as Ottoman court music.
		After the conquest of Istanbul, but prior to the period of classical music, Ottoman music was influenced by Byzantine music, mainly in the years 1640-1712.
		Intended reforms in the field of music during the Republican period led to debates on the subjects of European, Turkish, polyphonic and monophonic music.
	www.bazaarturkey.com /music_in_turkey.htm (730 words)

	Jewish Music Forum - Walter Zev Feldman
		His book, Music of the Ottoman Court: Makam,Composition, and the Early Ottoman Instrumental Repertoire was published in Berlin in 1996, and is currently being translated into Turkish.
		He contributed the "Ottoman Music" and "Klezmer Music" articles to the New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2001) as well as the Turkish, Chaghatay, and Turkmen Literature articles for the Encyclopedia Brittanica.
		He was artistic director of last season's Music and Dance of the Jewish Wedding at the 92nd Street Y. This season he serves in the same capacity for the Y's series titled Shared Sacred Space: Music of the Mystics.
	www.jewishmusicforum.org /feldman.htm (253 words)

	Podcasts \| Freer and Sackler Galleries
		Hear the sounds of musical instruments that are often depicted in Ottoman paintings and were central to musical life in the Ottoman court.
		Gain an in-depth appreciation of the luxurious robes in the exhibition "Style and Status: Imperial Costumes from Ottoman Turkey" from multiple perspectives as you listen to commentary by Dr. Nurhan Atasoy, principal contributor to Ipek: Imperial Ottoman Silks and Velvets, and Massumeh Farhad, chief curator at the Freer and Sackler Galleries.
		Ottoman Fashion: Impact of Ottoman Textiles and Costume on Europe from the 15th to the 20th Century
	www.asia.si.edu /podcasts/default.htm (951 words)

	Amazon.com: CANTEMIR : Music in Istanbul and Ottoman Europe around 1700: Music: Amy / Ozgen, Mesut / Johannesson, Lars ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Idea is to present the music by Kantemir as synthesis of European and Oriental cultural traditions, to imagine real concerts of his daughter Maria (who played harpsichord) in the court of Peter the Great in Russia, and to describe the cultural context of Kantemir`s music.
		The addition of the music from the composers of the West (some are recent, in honor of Cantemir), showing the influence of the Turkish music, is very nice and complementary.
		Cantemir, as might be known, is the first musician/traveler/diplomat (and later a trouble maker) from Romania, who recorded the Ottoman music while he was living in the Ottoman lands for near twenty years.
	www.amazon.com /CANTEMIR-Istanbul-Ottoman-Europe-around/dp/B0001CVE8E (1867 words)

	the KlezmerShack: Music: Cantorial Archives
		As we know, Ottoman society was a multi-national society in which the cultures of various ethnic and religious communities existed side by side.
		The music of various ethnic or religious communities formed the peripheral musical culture of the Empire, while the music of the Ottoman élite constituted the central culture (urban light music was a branch of the classical tradition).
		A very typical example of this process is observed in Jewish liturgical music: Jewish cantors singing in Istanbul synagogues borrowed many Ottoman secular or classical songs and performed them in their liturgical ceremonies, on Hebrew sacred texts.
	www.klezmershack.com /archives/cat_music_cantorial.html (2941 words)

	Music of Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the old Ottoman estate was a cultural mix of immigrants and minorities, Turkey has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of Armenian, Greek, Polish, Azeri and Jewish communities, among others
		Middle Anatolia is home to the bozlak, a type of declamatory, partially improvised music by the bards.
		With the musical instrument known as the ney at the forefront of this music, internationally well-known musicians include Necdet Yasar, Niyazi Sayin, Kudsi Ergüner and Ömer Faruk Tekbilek.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Turkey (5994 words)

	Ottoman MP3 Downloads - Ottoman Music Downloads - Ottoman Music Videos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ottoman MP3 Downloads - Ottoman Music Downloads - Ottoman Music Videos
		Write a Review Tell the world what you think about Ottoman!
		Portions of content provided by All Music Guide © 2006 AEC One Stop Group, Inc.
	www.mp3.com /ottoman (57 words)

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