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	Ottonian art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Influenced by Byzantine and Carolingian forms, Ottonian basilicas, such as St. Michael at Hildesheim (1001–36), are simple, blocklike, symmetrical structures with wide aisles and vast expanses of bare wall.
		Ottonian religious sculpture is monumental in scale and executed with clear, round forms and highly expressive facial features.
		Ottonian manuscript illumination was superbly developed; produced at several flourishing artistic centers, including Regensburg and Fulda, it combined Carolingian and Byzantine influences.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ot/Ottonian.html (218 words)

	Encyclopedia: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Henry fled to France, and Otto responded by supporting Hugh the Great in his campaign against the French crown, but in 941 Otto and Henry were reconciled through the efforts of their mother, and the next year Otto withdrew from France after Louis recognized his suzerainty over Lorraine.
		Otto II (955 – December 7, 983, Rome), was the third German ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty.
		After his death in 973 he was buried next to his first wife Editha of Wessex in the Cathedral of Magdeburg.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Otto-I,-Holy-Roman-Emperor (3308 words)

	The Women at the Tomb (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Within an unusual cycle of miniatures from the Life of Christ in this Ottonian sacramentary, an image of the Women at the Tomb precedes the text of the prayers of the Mass.
		On the lower right the three Roman soldiers who were guarding the tomb sleep in a cluster, having missed the drama of the angel's announcement and Jesus' Resurrection.
		The scene is set before a background of colored bands marked by streaks of graduated colors, an Ottonian version of the atmospheric perspective found in ancient Roman illusionistic painting.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/objects/o3409.html (221 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Carolingian and Ottonian buildings epitomize the organization of the feudal, agricultural society formed on the ruins of the Western Roman Empire in Central and western Europe.
		It declined, and was in part replaced by the Ottonian Empire, based in Germany.
		Episcopal seats and especially monastic centers were the main cultural centers throughout the Early Medieval, Carolingian and Ottonian eras.
	www.pitt.edu /~tokerism/0040/syl/mandr.html (489 words)

	[No title]
		That those female communities must have had a special meaning in Ottonian times, is evident from the striking number of female religious communities in early medieval Saxony: already in the Carolingian period as many as fifteen foundations are attested, with at least a further thirty-six following under the Ottonians.
		These Ottonian princesses used their political connections and relationships and profited from the relic-imports of Otto I. from Rome and Byzantium and those of his grandson Otto III.
		They supported the Ottonian family by prayer, but what they were not able to force was the attention of the king.
	www.bodarwe.de /kalame.html (3026 words)

	Ename 974
		Ravenna, the residence of the Ottonian emperors in Italy.
		A complete architectural-historical and archaeological investigation was executed, inside the Ottonian character was restored and the tower was stabilised.
		This architectural element is strongly reminiscent of the early Christian buildings in Ravenna, for example, which was the capital of the Ottonian emperors in Italy.
	www.ename974.org /Eng/pagina/kerk_historisch.html (603 words)

	[No title]
		While the hagiographic nature of these texts and their function as exempla necessarily restricted, dictated, and molded the figure of Mathilda, they are grounded to a certain degree in the roles Mathilda herself took on and the activities she pursued.
		Just as she was the first Ottonian queen and had to decide how to act as such, now she was the first dowager queen, learning how to negotiate with her ruling son and his new wife, with whom disagreement and dissatisfaction was evident.
		In fact, considering the close ties between the Ottonian family and the religious establishments in their kingdom, it is not inaccurate to say that the religious was political and vice-versa.
	etext.virginia.edu /journals/EH/EH40/steinh40.html (16579 words)

	Review Paper: Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg
		Warner's introduction is quite long, sixty-four pages, and helpfully expounds themes so prominent in Thietmar's text: Ottonian government and society; the office of the emperor and the imperial church; kingship, politics, and the sometimes disruptive effects of royal power; and Thietmar's life and career.
		Ottonian Saxony (1979), Timothy Reuter's Germany in the Early Middle Ages c.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/benarnold.html (1400 words)

	Ottonian Germany (from painting, Western) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		As in England, this revival followed a reform movement that touched all the leading monastic communities and revitalized religious life throughout the land.
		More results on "Ottonian Germany (from painting, Western)" when you join.
		As inheritors of the Carolingian tradition of the Holy Roman Empire, the German emperors also assumed the Carolingian artistic heritage, the conscientious revival of late antique and Early Christian art forms...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-69528?tocId=69528 (976 words)

	Encyclopedia: Otto I the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 938, Eberhard, the new The following is a list of rulers of Bavaria: Dukes of Bavaria, 889-1623 Liutpolding Dynasty Liutpold 889-907 Arnulf the Bad 907-937 Eberhard 937 Berthold 938-947 Liudolfing (Ottonian) Dynasty Henry I 947-955 Henry II the Quarrelsome 955-976 Otto I 976-982 Liutpolding Dynasty Henry III...
		John I Tzimisces recognized Otto's imperial title and agreed to a marriage between Otto's son and heir Otto II (955 – December 7, 983, Rome), was the third German ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty.
		Otto was named co-regent king of Italy and Germany with his father Otto I in 961 and became co-emperor in 967.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Otto-I-the-Great (4583 words)

	Books on Ottonian Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Ottonian period, perhaps best known for the great center of art and craftsmanship attached to the court, presented an artistic style which had developed from early Christian and Carolingian sources--a style which was the gateway to the great artistic revival in the eleventh and twelfth centuries--the Romanesque period.
		The Uta Codex is a sumptuous Gospel lectionary made in the early eleventh century for the Nidermünster convent in Regensburg (Bavaria).
		Created at the behest of the abbess Uta, it is not only one of the most beautiful of Ottonian manuscripts but also one of the most complex.
	books.bankhacker.com /Ottonian+Art (667 words)

	Marla Carlson
		The Ottonian empire depended upon the compliance of both the Church and ruling-class women.
		The absence of pain on the part of Hrotsvit's stage martyrs supports a system of signification vital to the Ottonian imperial project, a system wherein military victory is a sign of divine favor.
		Women may have been unusually important in tenth-century Saxony, but their importance in Ottonian texts (and not only those written by Hrotsvit) can cover over their function as objects of exchange, necessary to cement alliances, and as agents in the transfer of power and land to the emperor.
	www.sdu.dk /Hum/midlab/theatre/papers/marla_carlson.html (7123 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Germany
		The Church became the champion of the unity and legitimacy of the empire.
		He returned to the Ottonian theory of government, and the German episcopate, which was embittered by the severity of the ecclesiastical administration of Rome, now came over to the side of the king.
		Relying upon this strife within the Church, Henry caused Gregory to be deposed by a synod held at Brixen and Guibert of Ravenna to be elected pope as Clement III.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06484b.htm (20891 words)

	Gospel Lectionary (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Used by the deacon during the celebration of the Mass, a Gospel lectionary contains readings from the Gospels arranged in the order in which they are read during the liturgical year.
		Executed in gold and silver, outlined in red ink, and composed of stylized, intertwining vines, these initials are exquisite examples of a type that was a hallmark of Ottonian illumination.
		The use of gold and silver emphasizes the letters as the building blocks of the text through which God’s teachings are communicated.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/objects/o1752.html (219 words)

	Karolingian und Ottonian
		Fine craftsmanship is apparent in the metalwork of this period, from the small objects produced by the goldsmiths of Mainz to more massive achievements, such as the bronze doors (1015) for the Church of St. Michael at Hildesheim.
		The architecture of St. Michaelís exemplifies a tendency in Ottonian buildings toward the development of a complex ground plan.
		A highly rational system was devised of dividing the church into a series of separate units, a method that was to be of consequence in Romanesque design.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~rgrosser/germany/dka/deko.htm (1321 words)

	The cathedral of Essen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One hundred years later abbess Theophanu (+1058) had the meanwhile decaying building replaced by a basilica in late ottonian style.
		The nave of the ottonian building, destroyed by another fire in 1275, was re-erected in perpendicular style, making use of a self-supporting frame.
		The new building and the remainig westwork and the crypt were integrated.
	www.bistum-essen.de /dom_eng.htm (263 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of the Holy Roman Empire and Its Emperors
		Starting with Charlemagne's coronation on Christmas day 800, and ending with the suspension of the empire by Francis II in 1806, this book examines the status of the emperor, the empire's structure, internal conflicts, and the ideal of a united Europe.
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg by Thietmar, translated by David A. Warner.
		Heinrich the Fowler: Father of the Ottonian Empire by Mirella Patzer.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/HolyRomanEmpire.html (1243 words)

	Eary Medieval Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Early Medieval (Carolingian and Ottonian): Feudal, chiefly agricultural society formed on the ruins of the Western Roman Empire in Central and western Europe.
		Subsequent decline of imperial and monarchy rulers to the level of feudal lords.
		Abbey church of St. Michael, Hildesheim, 1010 AD (Ottonian rather than Romanesque in sprit) [ 261 exterior view today; 262 interior view as rebuilt]; fig.
	www.pitt.edu /~tokerism/0040/syl/src1002.html (175 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ottonian art (European Art To 1599) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		AllRefer.com - Ottonian art (European Art To 1599) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > European Art To 1599 > Ottonian art
		Ottonian art[otO´nEun] Pronunciation Key, art produced (c.900–1050) in the East Frankish kingdom of Germany known, after the emperors Otto (936–1002), as the Ottonian kingdom.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/Ottonian.html (290 words)

	Panel [Ottonian; Italy] (41.100.157) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ottonian; From the Cathedral of Magdeburg, probably made in Milan, northern Italy
		The military Saint Mauritius, patron saint of the Ottonian empire and of Magdeburg, is shown behind Otto, presenting him to Christ.
		This panel and sixteen others illustrating the story of Christ's life were once part of a major piece of furnishing made for the cathedral, such as a pulpit, choir doors, or an altar.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/ho/06/euwc/hod_41.100.157.htm (171 words)

	> > Compare UK book prices. Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (Manchester Medieval Studies) , ...
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (Manchester Medieval Studies), Thietmar of Merseburg, David A. Warner.
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (Manchester Medieval Studies) - Thietmar of Merseburg, David A. Warner
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (Manchester Medieval Studies)
	www.best-book-price.co.uk /compare-book-price-code-0719049261.html (303 words)

	Ottonian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The itself is also sometimes known as the after one of its early members and leading-names.
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (Manchester Medieval Sources Series)
		Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centrues
	www.freeglossary.com /Ottonian (215 words)

	Carolingian and Ottonian periods (from sculpture, Western) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The cultural revival of the Carolingian period (768 to the late 9th century), stimulated by the academia palatina at Charlemagne's court, is the first phase of the pre-Romanesque culture, a phase in which late Classical and Byzantine elements amalgamated with ornamental designs brought from the East by the Germanic tribes.
		More results on "Carolingian and Ottonian periods (from sculpture, Western)" when you join.
		More from Britannica on "Carolingian and Ottonian periods (from sculpture, Western)"...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-30375?tocId=30375 (988 words)

	Ottonian art on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(ŏtō´nēen), art produced (c.900-1050) in the East Frankish kingdom of Germany known, after the emperors Otto (936-1002), as the Ottonian kingdom.
		Influenced by Byzantine and Carolingian forms, Ottonian basilicas, such as St. Michael at Hildesheim (1001-36), are simple, blocklike, symmetrical structures with wide aisles and vast expanses of bare wall.
		Bibliography: See J. Beckwith, Early Medieval Art (1985); K. Ciggaar, Byzantium and the Low Countries in the Tenth Century: Aspects of Art and History in the Ottonian Era (1985).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/O/Ottonian.asp (397 words)

	REICHENAU ISLAND as UNESCO - WORLD HERITAGE in GERMANY - World Heritage List - WELTERBESTAETTEN, Welterbe, ...
		After the decline of the Carolingian Empire, political consolidation, the renewal of the idea of the empire and the reform of the church all contributed to a period of cultural rise.
		By adding the ruler's portrait to the book, both his support of the church and his inclusion into prayer are captured visually.
		Illuminated manuscripts from the Ottonian period produced in the monastery of Reichenau
	www.welterbestaetten.de /en/reichenau-5.htm (357 words)

	Early Medieval Art
		Beginning with the coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor of the West in A.D. John Beckwith guides us through the architecture, painting, sculpture, illuminations and ivories of the three great periods of early medieval art.
		The Ottonian period, perhaps best known for the great center of art and craftsmanship attached to the court, presented an artistic style which had developed from early Christian and Carolingian sources—a style which was the gateway to the great artistic revival in the eleventh and twelfth centuries—the Romanesque period.
		Those who have hitherto felt that the intricacies of Carolingian or Ottonian art are beyond them will now have no excuse.
	www.wwnorton.com /thamesandhudson/woa/520019.htm (115 words)

	Mediaeval Saxony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A consequence of the region’s central importance in the early Middle Ages is that Old Saxony has no peers in northern Europe for the wealth of Ottonian and early Romanesque architecture, sculpture, precious metalwork and other arts.
		A consequence of subsequent decline is that much of this heritage is situated in some amazingly lovely and unspoilt little towns amidst a largely rural landscape of wooded hills and rolling farmland.
		Day 2: Hildesheim—Hildesheim is of enormous importance in the history of Romanesque art and architecture— the cathedral has some of the earliest and finest bronze sculpture of that era including doors, candlestand and font, and the treasury in the is one of the finest in Germany—overnight Hildesheim.
	www.martinrandall.com /tours/mr955.php (705 words)

	Ottonian Art Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Looking For ottonian art - Find ottonian art and more at Lycos Search.
		Family fun-200 craft pieces to paint - Fun activity for you and your kids from lowprice4u.com.
		Asian Artists Online Art Gallery - Asian artworks and home decor products, art from talented Chinese artists featuring paintings, a collection of calligraphy and traditional watercolor wall scrolls.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Ottonian_Art (364 words)

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