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	Ottonian Information
		Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Kings of Germany, named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin.
		The Ottonian rulers are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the original founder of a new (Frankish) Roman Empire.
		After the extinction of the Ottonian dynasty with the death of Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1024 the crown passed to the Salian dynasty.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Ottonian (360 words)

	Ottonian Renaissance Information
		The Ottonian Renaissance was a limited renaissance that accompanied the reigns of the first three emperors of the Saxon Dynasty, all named Otto: Otto I (936–973), Otto II (973–983), and Otto III (983–1002), and which in large part depended upon their patronage.
		The Ottonian Renaissance began after Otto's marriage to Adelaide (951) united the kingdoms of Italy and Germany and thus brought the West closer to Byzantium and furthered the cause of Christian (political) unity with his imperial coronation in 963.
		The most famous Ottonian scriptorium was at the island monastery of Reichenau on Lake Constance: hardly any other works have formed the image of Ottonian art as much as the miniatures which originated there.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Ottonian_Renaissance (595 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Otto III (980 – January 23, 1002, Paterno, Italy) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty.
		Ottonian dynasty is a name sometimes given to a ruling dynasty of German kings, sometimes regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, (though Charlemagne is commonly viewed as the original founder.
		Otto III (980 - January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Otto-III%2C-Holy-Roman-Emperor (2858 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Sachsen
		In 1137 Saxony was passed to the Welfen[?] dynasty.
		The small remains were passed to an Ascanian dynasty and were divided in 1260 into the two mini states of Saxony-Lauenburg and Saxony-Wittenberg.
		Saxony-Wittenberg (in present Saxony-Anhalt) became subject to the margravate of Meißen (ruled by the Wettin dynasty) in 1423.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/sa/Sachsen?title=Mittlerer_Erzgebirgskreis (715 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Ottonian_Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Ottonian dynasty is a name sometimes given to a ruling dynasty of German kings, sometimes regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, (though Charlemagne is commonly viewed as the original founder.) Also known as the Saxon dynasty.
		Although never Emperor, Henry I the Fowler, Duke of Saxony, was arguably the founder of the dynasty, since his election as German king made it possible for his son, Otto the Great to take on the imperium.
		The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after its earliest known member Liudolf and one of its primary leading-names.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Ottonian_Art (179 words)

	Saxony: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Saxony
		In 1137 Saxony was passed to the Welfen[?] dynasty.
		The small remains were passed to an Ascanian dynasty and were divided in 1260 into the two mini states of Saxony-Lauenburg and Saxony-Wittenberg.
		Saxony-Wittenberg (in present Saxony-Anhalt) became subject to the margravate of Meißen (ruled by the Wettin dynasty) in 1423.
	www.encyclopedian.com /sa/Saxony.html (402 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Ottonian
		Ottonian dynasty was the first ruling dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Saxon dynasty.
		Although never Emperor, Henry I the Fowler, Duke of Saxony, was arguably the founder of the dynasty, since his election as German king made it possible for his son, Otto the Great to take on the imperium.
		The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings, after one of its early members and primary leading-names.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ot/Ottonian (99 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		With Ottonian architecture, it is a key component of the Ottonian Renaissance (circa 951 – 1024) named for the emperors Otto I, Otto II, and Otto III.
		Much Ottonian art reflected the dynasty's desire to establish visually a link to the Christian rulers of Late Antiquity, such as Constantine, Theoderich, and Justinian as well as to their Carolingian predecessors, particularly Charlemagne.
		For example, Ottonian ruler portraits typically include elements, such as province personifications, or representatives of the military and the Church flanking the emperor, with a lengthy imperial iconographical history.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Ottonian_art (519 words)

	Ottonian Renaissance
		The Ottonian Renaissance was a limited renaissance that accompanied the reigns of the first three emperors of the Saxon Dynasty, all named Otto: Otto I (936–973), Otto II (973–983), and Otto III (983–1002), and which in large part depended upon their patronage.
		The Ottonian Renaissance began after Otto's marriage to Adelaide (951) united the kingdoms of Italy and Germany and thus brought the West closer to Byzantium and furthered the cause of Christian (political) unity with his imperial coronation in 963.
		The most famous Ottonian scriptorium was at the island monastery of Reichenau on Lake Constance: hardly any other works have formed the image of Ottonian art as much as the miniatures which originated there.
	ottonian-renaissance.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Ottonian_Renaissance (862 words)

	List of state leaders in 1002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Otto III of the Ottonian dynasty, King of Germany (December 7, 983 - January 23, 1002).
		Otto III of the Ottonian dynasty, Holy Roman Emperor (December 7, 983 - January 23, 1002).
		Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor of the Ottonian dynasty, (elected and coronated King of Germany June 7, 1002, becoming de facto Emperor; later crowned by Pope Benedict VIII on February 14, 1014, died July 13, 1024).
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/List-of-state-leaders-in-1002.htm (361 words)

	Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		"Under these conditions clerical election became a mere formality in the Ottonian empire, and the king filled up the ranks of the episcopate with his own relatives and with his loyal chancery clerks, who were also appointed to head the great monasteries" (Cantor, 1994 p213).
		The second institution was more securely established in Ottonian terrirories, that of the proprietary churches (Eigenkirchen; in English law the right of "advowson").
		The "Ottonian Renaissance" was manifest in some revived cathedral schools, such as that of Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne, and in the production of illuminated manuscripts, the major art form of the age, from a handful of elite scriptoria, such as Quedlinburg, founded by Otto in 936.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Otto_I_the_Great (1833 words)

	Saxony - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In the 10th century the dukes of Saxony were at the same time kings (or emperors) of the Holy Roman Empire (Ottonian or Saxon Dynasty).
		In 1137 Saxony was passed to the Welfen dynasty, who were descendants (1) of Wulfhild Billung, eldest daughter of the last Billung duke, and (2) of the daughter of Lothar of Supplinburg.
		The remaining Eastern lands, together with the title of Duke of Saxony, were passed to an Ascanian dynasty (who descended from Eilika Billung, Wulfhild's younger sister) and divided in 1260 into the two small states of Saxony-Lauenburg and Saxony-Wittenberg.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/a/x/Saxony.html (1290 words)

	Dynasty
		A dynasty is a succession of rulers who are members of the same family for generations.
		A series of dynasties dating back to the Xia (2033 BC) ruled China until the end of the Xinhai Revolution in 1912.
		A similar pattern happened in Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire, and dynasties such as the Carolingians, the Capetians, the Bourbons, the Habsburgs, the Stuarts, the Hohenzollerns and the Romanovs successively and together dominated much of European political history.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/d/dy/dynasty.html (529 words)

	History - German Archive - Your Reference for politics, economy, culture and history of Germany
		The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania.
		The Merovingians were a dynasty of Frankish kings who ruled a frequently fluctuating area in parts of present-day France and Germany from the fifth to the eighth century.
		The Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Kings of Germany, named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/index.php?manufacturers_id=33&sort=1a&page=2&osCsid=7d9ece8309237d0a2ac191062b21320e (547 words)

	Medieval Images of Power
		Ottonian Ivory of Christ Crowning the Emperor Otto II (reigned 973-83) and the Empress Theophanou
		Otto III was the heir to the Ottonian dynasty.
		The dominion of the Ottonians was not as extensive as the Carolingians.
	employees.oneonta.edu /farberas/arth/arth200/politics/med_images_power.html (3738 words)

	Saxon Dynasty
		Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings, named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin.
		The Ottonian rulers are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the original founder of a new (Frankish) Roman Empire.
		Under the reign of the Ottonian rulers, the kingdom of the Eastern Franks finally became Germany with the conclusion of the unification of the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria into one empire.
	saxon-dynasty.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Saxon_Dynasty (654 words)

	Salian dynasty - History - German Archive: The Salian dynasty was a dynasty of germanic kings, also known as the ...
		Salian dynasty - History - German Archive: The Salian dynasty was a dynasty of germanic kings, also known as the Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of Franconia.
		The Salian dynasty was a dynasty of germanic kings, also known as the Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of Franconia.
		Pope Leo IX was a relative of the dynasty as well, since his grandfather Hugo III was the brother of Adelheid, the grandmother of Henry III.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=736&osCsid=d3e4621e855ff1c3c7acabc4a610010a (798 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ottonian Dynasty
		Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings, named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin.
		Under the reign of the Ottonian rulers, the kingdom of the Eastern Franks finally became Germany with the conclusion of the unification of the duchies of Lorraine, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Thuringia and Bavaria into one empire.
		Also the union of Germany with the Holy Roman Empire, which dominated the German history until 1806, began with the coronation of Otto I the Great in Rome in 962.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ottonian (416 words)

	de Ottonen Ottonian dynasty is a name sometimes given to... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		de:Ottonen "Ottonian dynasty" is a name sometimes given to a ruling dynasty of German kings, sometimes regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire.
		Although never Emperor, Henry I the Fowler Henry I the Fowler, Duke of Saxony, was arguably the founder of the dynasty, since his election as German king made it possible for his son, Otto the Great Otto the Great to take on the imperium.
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (Manchester Medieval Studies)
	www.biodatabase.de /Ottonian (155 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ottonian
		The Carolingian and Ottonian PeriodsCarolingian architecture and art are commonly considered to have been the earliest manifestations of...
		He was elected king by the Franks and Saxons in 919 and was the first king of the Ottonian dynasty.
		Early Life A descendant of the Ottonian line of Nassau, he was born at Dillenburg, near Wiesbaden, Germany, of Protestant parents.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Ottonian (780 words)

	Welcome to Italy1 History Page La Storia Italiana in Inglese
		The Ottonian dynasty fell, however, shortly after 1000, leaving in the north a vacuum to be exploited by the local small landowners and town merchants.
		The papal-imperial conflict culminated in 1262 with a papal invitation to Charles of Anjou, brother of King Louis IX of France, to conquer Sicily.
		Charles, the founder of the ANGEVIN dynasty of Naples, ruled from 1266 as CHARLES I, king of Naples and Sicily.
	italy1.com /history (4092 words)

	bitter-girl.com :: saxon warp, christian weft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Ottonian monarchs who ruled the Germanic lands circa 1000 CE used female religious foundations to further their own political ends, especially the conversion of Saxon tribes living on the northeastern frontier.
		Ottonian rulers and female members of the their dynasty who acted as abbesses employed subtle religious propaganda that allowed a syncretic belief system to develop.
		By continually traveling throughout the lands they controlled, the Ottonian monarchs built a power base by granting boons to those who proved their loyalty to the crown, much as the leader of a comitatus granted war booty to his followers.
	www.bitter-girl.com /ottonian/saxon-conversion.html (4943 words)

	German7
		The sovereignty of Aquitaine, which was becoming known as France, had passed out of the hands of the Carolingian dynasty and into the hands of the descendants of Hugh Capet.
		In the meantime, in the eastern Germanic kingdoms, the power was claimed by the descendants of the Saxon king, Henry I. Henry united the territories of the Franks, Saxons, Swabians and Bavarians in 919 and gave it the name of Regnum Teutonicorum, or the Kingdom of the Germans.
		King Henry I's son, Otto established the Ottonian Dynasty of Germany when he succeeded to the throne in 936.
	www.motherbedford.com /German7.htm (1157 words)

	Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation
		Under the Ottonian kings Europe experienced a cultural upswing of previously unknown dimension.
		The most important element was the revival of the Carolinian traditions, followed by the influence of Byzantium, as witnessed by the way the Ottonian imperial court orientated itself on the magnificence of the court in Byzantium.
		Of particular importance is the development of imperial portraiture as an image of worship in the book illuminations of the Ottonian period, which documents the idea of a Christianity-based kingdom in which imperial rule is connected with the world dominion of Christ.
	www.dasheiligereich.de /english/otto_eng.html (147 words)

	Review Paper: Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg
		Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg
		Warner's introduction is quite long, sixty-four pages, and helpfully expounds themes so prominent in Thietmar's text: Ottonian government and society; the office of the emperor and the imperial church; kingship, politics, and the sometimes disruptive effects of royal power; and Thietmar's life and career.
		Ottonian Saxony (1979), Timothy Reuter's Germany in the Early Middle Ages c.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/benarnold.html (1400 words)

	In the Beginning: Bibles Before the Year 1000
		A dynasty of Frankish kings (751–962), whose empire expanded under Charlemagne (emperor from 800) and came to embrace much of northern Europe (excluding Britain and much of Spain and Italy).
		A dynasty of Frankish kings (480–751), predecessors of the Carolingians.
		A ruling dynasty in Germany (919–1024), whose empire succeeded that of the Carolingians (from 962).
	www.asia.si.edu /exhibitions/online/ITB/html/glossary.htm (2641 words)

	1483 Online. Germany (Holy Roman Empire)
		Most historians therefore consider the establishment of the Empire to be a process that started with the split of the Frankish realm in the Treaty of Verdun in 843, continuing the Carolingian dynasty independently in all three sections.
		The eastern part fell to Louis the German, who was followed by several leaders until the death of Louis the Child, the last Carolingian in the eastern part.
		Conrad III came to the throne in 1138, being the first of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, which was about to restore the glory of the Empire even under the new conditions of the 1122 Concordat of Worms.
	www.1483online.com /histories/germany.php (799 words)

	AllRefer.com - German art and architecture : The Carolingian and Ottonian Periods (European Art To 1599) - Encyclopedia
		The first outstanding examples of German painting and sculpture were created (c.960–c.1060) during the Ottonian dynasty.
		Splendid manuscripts, enriched by illuminations remarkable for their force of linear expression, issued from the school of Reichenau (e.g., the Gospels of Otto III, State Library, Munich), while in Cologne miniature painting exhibited a brilliant use of color.
		Fine craftsmanship is apparent in the metalwork of this period, from the small objects produced by the goldsmiths of Mainz to more massive achievements, such as the bronze doors (1015) for the Church of St. Michael at Hildesheim.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Germanar-the-carolingian-and-ottonian-periods.html (355 words)

	Saxony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		By the early 10th century Saxony had emerged as a hereditary duchy under the Liudolfing dynasty, and in 919 Duke Henry of Saxony was elected German king.
		When Heinrich the Lion was outlawed by the Holy Roman emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa (1123-1190) in 1180, the duchy was broken up, and only two small and widely separated territories retained the Saxon name: Saxe-Lauenburg, southeast of Holstein, and Saxe-Wittenberg, along the middle Elbe (now north of Leibzig).
		From the mid-13th century, the duke of Saxony was recognized as an imperial elector (a prince with the right to participate in choosing the Holy Roman Emperor); a dispute over this right between the two branches was settled in favour of the Wittenberg branch in 1356.
	www.gwleibniz.com /BritannicaPages/Saxony/Saxony.html (683 words)

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