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Topic: Outer ear

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	Cosmetic Surgery Center: Outer Ear Surgery
		Ear surgery, or otoplasty, is usually done to set prominent ears back closer to the head or to reduce the size of large ears.
		Ears are almost fully grown by age four, and the earlier the surgery, the less teasing and ridicule the child will have to endure.
		Ear surgery is usually performed as an outpatient procedure in a hospital, a doctor's office-based surgical facility, or a freestanding surgery center.
	www.1cosmeticsurgery.com /Outer_Ear_Surgery.asp (1019 words)

	outer ear - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about outer ear
		The outer ear is a funnel that collects sound, directing it down a tube to the eardrum (tympanic membrane), which separates the outer and middle ear.
		Vibrations of the inner ear membrane move fluid contained in the spiral-shaped cochlea, which vibrates hair cells that stimulate the auditory nerve connected to the brain.
		Three fluid-filled canals of the inner ear detect changes of position; this mechanism, with other sensory inputs, is responsible for the sense of balance.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /outer+ear (326 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Swimmer's ear
		Ear infection - outer ear - acute; Otitis externa - acute
		Swimmer's ear is an inflammation, irritation, or infection of the outer ear and ear canal.
		Swimmer's ear is occasionally associated with middle ear infection (otitis media) or upper respiratory infections such as colds.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000622.htm (680 words)

	The Human Ear
		As sound travels through the outer ear, the sound is still in the form of a pressure wave, with an alternating pattern of high and low pressure regions.
		It is not until the sound reaches the eardrum at the interface of the outer and the middle ear that the energy of the mechanical wave becomes converted into vibrations of the inner bone structure of the ear.
		The inner ear consists of a cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the auditory nerve.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/sound/u11l2d.html (910 words)

	HEARING AND BALANCE
		The inner ear consists of two parts: the osseous (or bony) labyrinth, a series of cavities within the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and a membranous labyrinth, which is a series of communicating sacs and ducts within the bony labyrinth.
		The tympanic membrane or ear drum is formed by the approximation of the ectodermal meatal plug and the endoderm of the tympanic cavity with intervening mesoderm.
		The ectodermal (outer) surface of the tympanic membrane is supplied by the auriculotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve and by the auricular branch of the vagus (Arnold's) nerve.
	www.neurophys.wisc.edu /~ychen/textbook/general_structure.html (2748 words)

	HISTOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ears are composed of the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
		The external auditory meatus extends from the auricle to the tympanic membrane (the eardrum) of the middle ear.
		The outer one-third is composed of elastic cartilage that is continuous with the auricle.
	medic.med.uth.tmc.edu /Lecture/Main/ear.htm (2346 words)

	MSN Encarta - Ear
		The outer ear is made up of the auricle, or pinna, and the outer auditory canal.
		The outer auditory canal, which measures about 3 cm (about 1.25 in) in length, is a tubular passageway lined with delicate hairs and small glands that produce a wax-like secretion called cerumen.
		The inner two-thirds of the outer auditory canal is housed by the temporal bone, which also surrounds the middle and inner ear.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761563171 (732 words)

	Ear - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ear is an organ used by an animal to detect sound waves.
		The middle ear includes the ossicles (three tiny bones), two muscle tendons (of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles), and two nerve bundles (the horizontal portion of the facial nerve and a branch of the facial nerve called the chorda tympani).
		The inner ear comprises both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and the labyrinth or vestibular apparatus, the organ of balance located in the inner ear that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ear (307 words)

	Outer ear - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The outer ear is the external portion of the ear and includes the eardrum.
		From the pinna the sound pressure waves move into the ear canal, a simple tube running to the middle ear.
		The human ear has ear lobes at the bottom that are vestigial but are used by many people to provide an attachment point for earrings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Outer_ear (216 words)

	Dr. Koop - Ear Discomfort and Airplane Travel- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		The inner ear, meaning where the nerve endings are for the organs of hearing and balance (equilibrium).
		It is the middle ear that causes discomfort during air travel, and this is so because it is an air pocket inside the head that is vulnerable to changes in air pressure.
		The air in the middle ear is constantly being absorbed by its membranous lining, but it is frequently re-supplied through the Eustachian tube during the process of swallowing.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/687.html (780 words)

	American Hearing Research Foundation (AHRF) Barotrauma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inner ear injury during descent is directly related to impaired ability to equalize the middle ear pressure on the affected side.
		The pressure is transmitted from an inward bulging eardrum, causing the ossicles to be moved toward the inner ear at the oval window.
		For outer ear barotrauma, the treatment consists of clearing the ear canal of the obstruction, and restricting diving or flying until the blockage is corrected and the ear canal and drum return to normal.
	www.american-hearing.org /name/barotrauma.html (1281 words)

	Ear Infection, Outer
		Inflammation or infection of the ear canal that extends from the eardrum to the outside.
		Ear pain that worsens when the earlobe is pulled.
		After you have had otitis externa, keep the prescription ear drops on hand, if the ear canals get wet for any reason, such as swimming or shampooing, put drops in both ears at bedtime.
	www.beachfamilydoctors.net /ped/outer.html (225 words)

	Ear Anatomy Diagram - EnchantedLearning.com
		Sound is collected by the pinna (the visible part of the ear) and directed through the outer ear canal.
		The vibration is transferred to the snail-shaped cochlea in the inner ear; the cochlea is lined with sensitive hairs which trigger the generation of nerve signals that are sent to the brain.
		When you "pop" your ears as you change altitude (going up a mountain or in an airplane), you are equalizing the air pressure in your middle ear.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/anatomy/ear (401 words)

	Histology and Microscopic Anatomy of the Ear
		Inner Ear consists of two parts: bony labyrinth of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the contained membranous labyrinth; fluid containing membranous sacs and tubes contained within the fluid filled bony labyrinth.
		Narrower inner portion is towards the center or modiolus and the broader outer surface blends with periosteum of bony cochlea.
		Describe the ear ossicles and indicate mechanisms whereby sound is mechanically transferred and magnified across middle ear cavity.
	alpha.ipfw.edu /histo-embryo/histear.html (1098 words)

	The incredible Sense of Hearing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was hypothesized that the stereocilia of both the outer and inner hair cells are in embedded in the tectorial membrane.
		The efficiency of the ear is such, that if the eye was forced to distinguish the tremendous difference between the sound of a cannon and a whisper, it is likely that the person would have to protect the eye externally.
		From the hair cells of the inner ear, the neural stimulus is transmitted by the afferent cochlear nerve fibers to the brain stem; and from there to the various stations along the brain center up to the cortex where speech and sound are finally decoded (Kelly, 1981; Pickles, 1982; Tsuchitani, 1983; Yost and Nielsen, 1985).
	www1.omi.tulane.edu /departments/pathology/fermin/Hearing.html (1808 words)

	UPHS: Auditory Research: ID-110: Periphery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Each outer hair cell is innervated by one afferent and one or two efferent nerve fibers; each efferent fiber synapses on 5 - 10 outer hair cells.
		Lying above the hair cells is a structure called the tectorial membrane; this is a gelatinous structure; the tallest row of outer hair cell hairs are embedded in this; the tallest row of inner hair cell hairs are not in contact with the hair bundle.
		Stimulus intensity is proportional to hair bundle displacement; displacement is proportional to the degree of membrane depolarization; depolarization is proportional to neurotransmitter release, and this release is proportional to the number of discharges in the 8th nerve fiber.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /audres/id110per.htm (1061 words)

	Sensitivity of Human Ear
		In addition to its remarkable sensitivity, the human ear is capable of responding to the widest range of stimuli of any of the senses.
		The structures of the outer and middle ear contribute to both the remarkable sensitivity and the wide dynamic range of human hearing.
		Since the ear is surrounded by air, or perhaps under water, the sound waves are constrained to be longitudinal waves.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/sound/earsens.html (513 words)

	Swimmer's Ear (Otitis Externa)
		Otitis externa - commonly known as swimmer's ear - is an infection of the ear canal, the
		The primary symptom of otitis externa is ear pain, which can be severe and gets worse when the earlobe or other exterior part of the ear is touched or moved.
		After spending time in the water, it is also a good idea for children to gently dry their ears with a towel and help water run out of their ears by turning their heads to the side.
	kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/swimmer_ear.html (852 words)

	Earwax
		The outer ear is the funnel-like part of the ear you can see on the side of the head, plus the ear canal (the hole which leads down to the eardrum).
		The ear canal may be blocked by wax when attempts to clean the ear push wax deeper into the ear canal and cause a blockage.
		Most of the time the ear canals are self-cleaning; that is, there is a slow and orderly migration of ear canal skin from the eardrum to the ear opening.
	www.entnet.org /healthinfo/ears/earwax.cfm (684 words)

	The Ear, the Middle Ear, the Inner Ear and the Outer Ear: Hear-it
		The best way to describe the functioning of the ear is to describe the path which the sound waves take on their way through the ear.
		The only visible part of the ear is the pinna (the auricle) which - with its special helical shape - is the first part of the ear that reacts with sound.
		The resistance of the air is higher inside the ear than outside because the air inside the ear is compressed and thus under greater pressure.
	www.hear-it.org /page.pl?page=356 (466 words)

	Cauliflower Ear - Hearing Loss and communication disorders
		Cauliflower ear is an acquired deformity of the outer ear.
		Because the ear is precariously perched on either side of the head, it is often vulnerable to blunt trauma.
		When the ear is struck and a blood clot develops under the skin, or the skin is simply sheared from the cartilage, the connection of the skin to the cartilage is disrupted.
	www.medicinenet.com /cauliflower_ear/article.htm (391 words)

	Swimmer's Ear
		If you already have an ear infection, or if you have ever had a perforated or otherwise injured eardrum, or ear surgery, you should consult an ear, nose, and throat specialist before you go swimming and before you use any type of ear drops.
		If the ear canal is swollen shut, a sponge or wick may be placed in the ear canal so that the antibiotic drops will be effective.
		A dry ear is unlikely to become infected, so it is important to keep the ears free of moisture after swimming or bathing.
	www.entnet.org /healthinfo/ears/swimmers.cfm (555 words)

	Erysipelas of the outer ear (from ear disease) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Outer ear > Infections and injuries > Erysipelas of the outer ear
		The bony labyrinth, a cavity in the temporal bone, is divided into three sections: the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.
		Tree ears grow wild on and are cultivated on the bark of trees.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-65074?tocId=65074 (694 words)

	Flat-Coated Retriever Society of America, Inc.
		The outer ear consists of the earflap (pinna) and the ear canal itself.
		An infection of this outer ear is termed otitis externa.
		To minimize the occurrence of ear infection, your veterinarian may suggest a cleansing agent to be used at least weekly.
	www.fcrsainc.org /healthmanual/ear.html (812 words)

	Ear definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		They are the outer ear (the part we see along the sides of our head behind the temples), the middle ear, and the inner ear.
		In sum, the middle ear communicates with the pharynx, equilibrates with external pressure and transmits the ear drum vibrations to the inner ear.
		The essential component of the inner ear for hearing is the membranous labyrinth where the fibers of the auditory nerve (the nerve connecting the ear to the brain) end.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3164 (622 words)

	Medinfo: Outer ear infection (infective otitis externa)
		Infective otitis externa is a painful, sometimes itchy infection of the outer ear canal.
		The outer ear canal is the short passage from the outside of the ear, to the ear drum which is an inch or so inside.
		The cause is a germ infecting the outer ear canal.
	www.medinfo.co.uk /conditions/otitisexterna.html (364 words)

	Swimmer's ear
		Severe pain on moving your outer ear (pinna or auricle) or pushing on the little "bump" (tragus) in front of your ear.
		Swimmer's ear is not usually an emergency, but it is important to see a doctor right away if you have any signs or symptoms of swimmer's ear and have an underlying disease that may impair your immune system.
		If your ear canal is swollen, your doctor may insert a special wick into your ear to allow the drops to reach the end of your ear canal.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00473.html (1337 words)

	Ear, outer definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		They are the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
		The outer ear looks complicated but it is functionally the simplest part of the ear.
		It consists of the pinna or auricle (the visible projecting portion of the ear), the external acoustic meatus (the outside opening to the ear canal), and the external ear canal that leads to the ear drum.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7015 (232 words)

	health.com :: ear infections
		The outer ear includes what we see-folds of skin and cartilage-and the ear canal, a passage that leads to the eardrum.
		The middle ear is a fragile, air-filled space behind the eardrum holding three small connected bones (the hammer, anvil, and stirrup).
		The ear canal has a layer of skin and wax that protects it from damage and infection.
	health.com /health/wynks/EarInfectionsWYNK2000-MAL/whatishappening.html (308 words)

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