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Topic: Overseer of the Poor

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	HISTORY
		Sometimes they were sent there even if they had not requested help from the Overseer of the Poor.
		Outdoor Relief provided through an Overseer of the Poor: When people fell upon hard times and members of their family, friends or members of their church congregations could not provide enough assistance to tide them over, they made application to an elected local official called the Overseer of the Poor.
		Auctioning off the Poor: People who could not support themselves (and their families) were put up for bid at public auction.
	www.poorhousestory.com /history.htm (1226 words)

	GENUKI: Lincolnshire, Poorlaws, Settlement Papers
		Overseers of the Poor were in the main sensible people who interpreted the law to fit the circumstances.
		Yet another option for the Overseer of the Poor was to find a relative of the pauper who was able, if not willing, to give financial support.
		The Overseers' Accounts and Vestry Minutes of his place of settlement are the most likely source for details of his trials and tribulations.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/eng/LIN/poorsettlement_cole.html (1635 words)

	OSCN Found Document:HENGST v. BURNETT
		The facts were that Specherman, as overseer of the poor, commenced and conducted such proceedings before a certain justice of the peace who was his son-in-law and whose wife was then living.
		Thus the statute, in express words, denominates the overseer of the poor a party, and a party in whose favor an order may be made.
		Overseers, 5 Denio (N. Y.) 98, it was held incidentally that the overseer could discontinue the proceedings pending an appeal; and the court speak of the proceedings as a suit discontinued by the plaintiff.
	www.oscn.net /applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?citeID=13979 (1536 words)

	A Short Explanation of the English Poor Law
		The act of 1572 introduced the first compulsory poor local poor law tax, an important step acknowledging that alleviating poverty was the responsibility of local communities, in 1576 the concept of the workhouse was born and in 1597 the post of overseer of the poor was created.
		The parish was required to elect each Easter two "Overseers of the Poor" who were responsible for setting the poor rate, it's collection and the relief of those in need, these overseers should ideally be, "substantial householders" but in small villages the only practical qualification was to be a rate payer.
		Issued by the church wardens and overseers of the poor this order would be implemented by the parish constable and in default a warrant was frequently issued and his possessions could be sold towards the debt.
	www.mdlp.co.uk /resources/general/poor_law.htm (2309 words)

	Michigan Poorhouse History
		1850 Census for the Hillsdale County Poor House in Fayette Township
		1870 Census for the Hillsdale County Poor House
		1880 Census for the Hillsdale County Poor House
	www.poorhousestory.com /poorhouses_in_michigan.htm (1439 words)

	Early Modern: Politics -The poor
		Funds from the poor rate could be used to fund the building of town poorhouses, which provided food and shelter for the poor.
		With the dissolution of the monasteries, the care and well-being of the poor of Dartford was transferred from the church authorities to local philanthropists and the overseers of the poor.
		He told those attending that it was their Christian duty to help the poor, but that the greater part of the poor had become used to an idle, vagabond, pilfering, drunk and lewd lifestyle.
	www.dartfordarchive.org.uk /early_modern/politics_poor.shtml (650 words)

	"Hertfordshire Family History File - Poor Law Before 1834" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Poor Law was initiated by the Tudor acts of 1597 to 1601 and the Poor Law Act of 1603.
		While the poor who could work would be put to work and in return be fed and clothed, those who were sick and could not work would be looked after less conscientiously.
		The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 did not remove or reform the financing of relief but it did implement more stringent rules for relief, the discouragement of the local parish workhouse and the encouragement of large Union workhouses, and standards for the appointment of Guardians of the poor.
	www.hertsfhs.org.uk /hfphs45.html (1610 words)

	Loudoun County Poor House
		On January 1, 1822, the county's nine overseers of the poor bought Loudoun's third poorhouse for $3,479.
		Francis Earl Robey, who had ridden with Mosley's Rangers, became overseer of the poor in 1883, where he and his family resided over the poorhouse until 1903 and then turned their duties over to William Madison Monroe where he presided until he died in 1913.
		The poorhouse remained occupied by some of the poor until the 1970's and in 1987, the current owners bought and restored the poorhouse into a beautiful bed and breakfast that has been in use since 1990.
	www.poorhousefarm.com /9.html (419 words)

	RUSSELL OF WHITCHURCH, SOMERSET, BRISTOL AND LONDON AREA (1750-present)
		Overseer of the Poor for Whitchurch, 1785, 1800, 1801 & 1811, Churchwarden of St Nicholas' church, Whitchurch, 1784, 1802 & 1812.
		Poor Mary was dragged into the dispute and, in support of her husband, she "positively declared that there was no such understanding with her father", and nor it seems did Nathaniel or William ever formally consult or inform James COLSTON of the transfer of land.
		Overseer of the Poor for Whitchurch, 1809, 1822 & 1840 and 'perpetual overseer of the poor' 1823-1834.
	www.geocities.com /kitwnz/russell/russell.html (20410 words)

	From Weaver to Web - Poor Law Opposition
		The Poor Law Commission of 1832-4 concluded that charitable relief to the able-bodied would lessen the will to work; and the resulting Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, requiring the accommodation of the poor in Poor Law Union workhouses, where conditions were deliberately made uncomfortable.
		Poor relief was taken out of the hands of townships and assigned to local Unions.
		In 1838, William Ingham of Mankinholes, local Overseer of the Poor, was fined for the local refusal to contribute towards a Union Workhouse; his refusal to pay brought two special constables to his door to confiscate goods on November 16, 1838.
	www.calderdale.gov.uk /wtw/sources/themes/poorlaw.html (605 words)

	Family Tree of Henry Roulstone
		Henry was an Inn Keeper/Beerseller and Parish Constable and Overseer of the Poor in Stanton by Bridge, Derbyshire.
		He would be responsible for all sorts of tasks, ale houses, beggars, bastardy payments, church and poor rate collection, maintenance of pillories and stocks and the village lock up.
		The Overseer of the Poor, Although appointed by the vestry in Easter week, the Overseers were the only parish officer bound by civil law, except the constable after 1842.
	www.roulstone.net /_family/familytree/hr1660.html (800 words)

	The Poor Law
		The extent of the problem of the Poor needed to be identified so the 1552 Act was passed in order to officially record the number of poor in each Parish Register, along with the details of Births, Deaths and Marriages.
		The punishment of the 'poor beggars' was that they would be beaten until they reached the stones that marked the town parish boundary.
		The role of the Overseer of the Poor was to:
	www.elizabethan-era.org.uk /the-poor-law.htm (1312 words)

	Sir George Nicholls (1781-1865)
		In 1820-1 the amount of relief actually disbursed to the poor of Southwell (exclusive of church and county rates) was £2,069.
		The question of the Irish poor law in the meantime became urgent; no feasible scheme was forthcoming till 1836, when Nicholls submitted to Lord John Russell, by request, certain ‘suggestions’ on the subject.
		The Irish poor law and its administration were subjected to violent criticism, both in and out of parliament; but the bitterest opponents bore testimony to Nicholls's character and ability.
	www.victorianweb.org /victorian/history/poorlaw/nicholls.html (1736 words)

	Poor Farms in Kansas 1855-1974 Bibliography - Kansas State Historical Society
		A March 11, 1872 Overseer of the Poor instructed to procure the house of Mrs.
		It called for an “overseer of the poor”, the collection of a compulsory tax and the creation of almshouses for the aged, infirmed, mothers of illegitimate children and children incapable of work.
		Farming out of the poor to the lowest bidder also continued to be used even though it had been condemned in many states; poor boys were bound out at age 18 with a new bible, 2 suits of clothing and $10.
	www.kshs.org /research/collections/documents/bibliographies/poorfarms.htm (5955 words)

	The 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law
		Part of the 1601 Law said that poor parents and children were responsible for each other, so elderly parents were expected to live with their children for example.
		The 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law continued with further adaptations -- for example the 1662 Settlement Act, Gilbert's Act (1782) and the Speenhamland system of 1795 -- until the passing of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act and formed the basis of poor relief throughout the country for over two centuries.
		This meant that the idle poor were known as such and would be given short shrift at the hands of the Overseers of the poor.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/poorlaw/elizpl.html (1078 words)

	Ontario County, Archives Week Presentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Overseer of the Poor was one of the most important - and most powerful - individuals in the County.
		In addition to actually supervising the poor, he saw to it that the County was liable for the support of the poor only if absolutely necessary.
		Hastings, Overseer of the Poor, ordered the Justice of the Peace to proceed against Nimrod Bennett according to the Act for the Relief of Cities and Towns from the Maintenance of Bastard Children.
	raims.com /mayhem.html (2000 words)

	MPR: The American Poorfarm and Its Inmates, 1925
		The only organization for the relief of the poor in England up to the end of the 15th century was the church.
		The new law discriminated between the poor, innocent, sick and diseased people not able to work and such "as be lusty, having their limbs strong enough to labor".
		The superintendent, manager, or overseer of the poor, is usually appointed because he is influential in politics or because he will take the job for less pay than anyone else and not because of his special fitness for the work.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/200207/29_gundersond_poorfarm-m/evansreport.shtml (1521 words)

	SW 152 Human Behavior and the Social Environment Discussion Points for 3/23/98
		The chapter we read in The Undeserving Poor is instructive in suggesting that the "culture of poverty" has proven to be a highly contestable candidate for explaining why some people suffer profound material deprivation, have low incomes and live their lives in poverty.
		For Lewis, most poor in the U.S. were not trapped in a culture of poverty but some were and it was a debilitating, self-defeating culture that discouraged people from acting middle class, exercising self-discipline, being motivated, planning ahead, being hopeful about their future.
		Edin and Lein also show that while they remain still poor, women on welfare are better off than the poor single mothers who go to work; they are less stressed out, less harried, more time for children, have less expenses, more income.
	www.brynmawr.edu /Acads/GSSW/schram/sw14610202.html (2148 words)

	MHS Boston Overseers of the Poor Records, 1733-1925 : Guide to the Microfilm Edition
		The Boston Overseers of the Poor were established by a colonial act in 1692, and incorporated in 1772.
		By 1871, the Overseers of the Poor were in charge of the Charity Building (corner of Chardon and Hawkins Streets), a headquarters for numerous charitable organizations in Boston; and the Temporary Home for Women and Children.
		While at one time the Overseers were responsible for all types of relief, in 1823 their responsibilities were limited to "outdoor relief," or relief given outside of public institutions.
	www.masshist.org /findingaids/doc.cfm?fa=fa0144 (3410 words)

	Llanymynech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the demand for the county rates increased, the Poor Law demand in 1845 fell to £5-11s-6d per quarter.
		Women were often appointed as Overseers and in March 1836, the Overseer was Miss Elizabeth Pryce.
		Agreed the that John Evans of the Farm in the Township of Treprenal be appointed as Perpetual Overseer at a salary of £8 per annum.
	www.institutions.org.uk /workhouses/england/shrops/llanymynech.htm (390 words)

	Tudors - Poor Law 1601
		It became increasingly clear that something had to be done to help those who were genuinely in need, and something else had to be done about the increasing numbers of those who chose to beg and steal rather than work.
		In 1563 Justices of the Peace were given the power to raise funds to support the poor.
		Orphans and children of the poor were to be given an apprenticeship to a tradesman.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Tudors/poor_law.htm (416 words)

	1882 Palmyra Town Meeting Minutes
		The Board then examined the accounts of the Overseer of the Poor and found them correct and on motion the Board recommended that there be raised for the support of the poor for the ensuing year eight hundred dollars.
		The Overseer of the poor then read his report which on motion was accepted and approved.
		The recommendation of the board of Auditors to raise eight hundred by tax for the support of the poor for the ensuing year was on motion adopted.
	www.palmyrany.com /minutes/TB/1882.htm (449 words)

	New Windsor, New York Precinct Records 1792-1828/ 4
		Voted - That Robert Burnet, Thurston Wood and William Houston be a committee to confer with the Overseers of the Poor relative to arrangements to be made for the poor and poor house and to use their own descretion.
		Voted - That there shall be a committee of three to inspect the poor house with the Overseers of the Poor, and to have nothing for their services and to meet quarterly and fifty cents penalty for non attendance.
		Voted - That no amount be paid by the Overseers of the Poor til audited on the last Tuesday in March by the board authorized by law.
	town.new-windsor.ny.us /1792-4.htm (2863 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Orphans and Orphanages
		poor children were known as euphotrophia, and those for
		monastic institutions following upon this period was accelerated by the fruit of charitable work for the poor, chief amongst which was the care of children.
		poor or similar officer confides the child to some family, as a boarder, and pays regularly for its care up to the age of self-support.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11322b.htm (2461 words)

	Victorian Brecon - The Brecknock Poor Law Union
		In Brecon some of the richer people set up charities to help the poor and sometimes in hard times special collections were held.
		All the able bodied poor who could not look after themselves were to be locked away in a workhouse.
		On the first floor were the dormitories, the staff quarters, the dining hall and rooms for the sick and infirm.
	history.powys.org.uk /school1/brecon/poor1.shtml (277 words)

	1800 Census page 3
		Jacob Norrix served as overseer of the poor in 1800
		Henry served as overseer of the poor in 1798
		William served as overseer of the poor in 179
	members.aol.com /mktreenuts/18003.html (353 words)

	My Extended Family in Sheviock, Cornwall
		In 1780 and 1781 he was a witness to the disbursements in the overseer of the poor and churchwarden's accounts, suggesting that he was readily accepted into the church.
		He was a churchwarden at Sheviock from 1783-7 and overseer of the poor in 1790.
		He witnessed the overseer's accounts in 1780, 1784, 1786, 1787 and 1788, and was one of the signatories to the vestry minutes on 17 Apr 1786 and 24 Mar 1788.
	home.planet.nl /~treva000/parish/registers/cornwall/deanery_of_the_east/fam_sheviock.htm (693 words)

	Llanrhystud Church - Parish Vestry Book 2 1750-1815
		In the parish of Llanrhystud in 1750 the rate of fourpence in the pound was assessed on the parish by the vestry towards the relief of the poor.
		David Jones, overseer and churchwarden for the parish of Llanrhystud replied to a question that there was ' no Poorhouse or Workhouse in Llanrhystid, we rent 23 cottages about the neighbourhood for the reception of the Poor from £1-10s-0d.
		The second method of relieving the poor in Cardiganshire was to exempt pauper cottages from the rates, or if the property was assessed, the rates were paid by the parish authorities.
	www.llanrhystud.co.uk /church_photo/vestry_book2.shtml (3622 words)

	1800 census page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Christian Senff served as overseer of the poor in 1798
		William Spear served as overseer of the poor in 1801.
		Richard Traux served as overseer of the poor in 1800.
	members.aol.com /mktreenuts/18004.html (235 words)

	LOCAL GOVERNMENT
		There were three main officials; the (petty) constable, the surveyor of highways and the overseer of the poor.
		The Overseer of the Poor could levy a rate to provide money for his work.
		He could put the poor and their children to work He could help those people who were unable to help themselves, that is, the sick, lame, frail.
	www.nantwichweb.com /history/localgov.htm (679 words)

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