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Topic: Overwhelmingly Large Telescope

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	Goliath Telescope: OWL's Eye May Find First Galaxies
		The ESO telescope is just one of a number of extremely large skywatching instruments under development by countries around the world, but outstrips them all in proportion.
		The reigning champion of the ground-based optical telescopes is the W.M. Keck Observatory atop Mauna Kea, an extinct volcano in Hawaii.
		In addition to finding the first galaxies that formed, OWL scientists hope their telescope could find elusive supernovae and be able to determine the chemical makeup of extrasolar planets in the hunt for other potentially life-sustaining biospheres.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/owl_telescope_020724.html (1211 words)

	OverWhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL)
		A huge optical telescope, with a mirror about 100 m in diameter supported by a structure about 200 m tall and weighing 40,000 tons.
		It would have 10 times more light-gathering power than all the other telescopes that have ever been built put together, could be completed by 2015 for a cost of less than $1 billion, and has been proposed by a team from the European Southern Observatory.
		Among its uses would be obtaining spectra of the atmospheres of extrasolar planets to allow astronomers to look for signatures of life, such as the presence of oxygen.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/O/OWL.html (167 words)

	Telescope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Telescopes used for non-astronomical purposes are often referred to as theodolites, transits, spotting scopes, monoculars, binoculars, camera lenses, microscopes or spyglasses.
		Radio telescopes are often operated in pairs, or larger groups to synthesize large "virtual" apertures that are similar in size to the separation between the telescopes: see aperture synthesis.
		The telescope was aimed by the aid of a Foucault sidérostat, which is a movable plane mirror with a 2 m diameter, mounted in a large cast-iron frame.
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Telescope (1534 words)

	Telescope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Telescopes increase the apparent angular size of ingerso objects, as well as their apparent brightness.
		This means that a telescope with a certain mirror diameter can resolve up to a certain limit at a certain wavelength, so if you want more resolution at that very wavelength, you have to build a wider mirror or perform aperture synthesis using an array of nearby telescopes.
		The four telescopes, belonging to ESO and located in the Atacama desert in Chile, are usually operated independently for faint astronomical observations, but up to three telescopes can be operated together for aperture synthesis observations of bright objects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Telescope (1981 words)

	Overwhelmingly Large Telescope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL) is a conceptual design by the European Southern Observatory organization for a telescope which is intended to have a single aperture of 100 meters in diameter.
		Whilst this design would not exceed the angular resolving power of interferometric telescopes, it would have exceptional light-gathering and imaging capacity which would greatly increase the depth to which mankind could explore the universe.
		Experience gained in existing segmented mirrors (for example, the Keck telescope) suggests that the mirror proposed for the OWL is feasible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Overwhelmingly_Large_Telescope (254 words)

	Very Large Telescope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The VLT consists of a cluster of four large (8.2 meter diameter) telescopes, and an interferometer (VLTI) which is used to resolve fine features.
		The VLTs are equiped with a large set of instruments permitting observations to be performed from the near-UV to the mid-IR (ie a large fraction of the light wavelengths accessible from the surface of the Earth), with the full range of techniques including high-resolution spectroscopy, multi-object spectroscopy, imaging, and high-resolution imaging.
		Although the use of large telescope diameters and adaptive optics correction can improve the sensitivity a small amount, this cannot extend the reach of optical interferometry beyond nearby stars and the brightest active galactic nucleii.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Very_Large_Telescope (1098 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Very Large Telescope
		The Very Large Telescope Project (VLT) consists of a system of four separate optical telescopes (the Antu telescope, the Kueyen telescope, the Melipal telescope, and the Yepun telescope) organized in an array formation.
		The principle role of the VLT is to operate as four independent telescopes, and the interferometry (combining light from multiple telescopes) is a minor secondary role.
		Although the use of large telescope diameters and adaptive optics correction can improve the sensitivity a small amount, this cannot extend the reach of optical interferometry beyond nearby stars and the brightest active galactic nucleii.
	www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/VLT (634 words)

	History and Development of the Telescope
		Modern large telescopes use computer-controlled altazimuth mounts, and for long exposures they rotate the instruments or have variable-rate image rotators in an image of the telescope pupil.
		Overwhelmingly Large Telescope or OWL, which is intended to have a single aperture of 100 metres in diameter.
		Hale telescope on Palomar Mountain is a conventional research telescope that was the largest for many years.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/telescope.htm (1208 words)

	Telescopes and Observatories with major UK involvement
		Isaac Newton Group (ING) - operates the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope and the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope on behalf of the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) of the United Kingdom, the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) of the Netherlands, and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) in Spain.
		Liverpool Telescope - is a 2m fully robotic telescope being constructed at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University.
		OverWhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL) - the European Southern Observatory’s concept study for the next generation of ground-based Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT) - a ~100m diameter optical and near-infrared, adaptive telescope.
	www.roe.ac.uk /roe/tando.html (1000 words)

	Telescopes.Rifle-Scope-Alley.Com :- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The preferred solution for astronomical telescopes is to tip the altazimuth mount so that the azimuth axis is parallel with the axis of the Earth's rotation; this is known as an equatorial mount.
		Recently constructed large telescopes use a computer-controlled altazimuth mount, and for long exposures, they have (usually computer-controlled) variable-rate rotating erector prisms at the focus.
		The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is currently (2002) the record holder in size, with four telescopes each 8 metres in diameter.
	telescopes.rifle-scope-alley.com (1233 words)

	Daily Updates - Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2004 - Program - Conferences - SPIE Web
		Indeed, Gilmozzi is lobbying the ESO to construct the OverWhelmingly Large (OWL) Telescope.
		With the large number of conference sessions, the opening of one of two poster sessions, and the opening of the Exhibition, Tuesday was abuzz with activity at Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2004.
		The first one is OSIRIS, a large field of view imager and multi-object spectrograph optimized for tuneable imaging, the second one is ELMER a very sensitive imager and spectrograph, also for the visible range, and the third one is CANARICAM, a diffraction-limited imager, spectrograph, polarimeter and coronagrapher for the mid-IR.
	spie.org /Conferences/Programs/04/as/updates.html (2375 words)

	Overwhelmingly Large Telescope - Wikipedia
		Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL) ist der Arbeitstitel eines Teleskopprojekts der ESO.
		Nachdem es schon ein VLT (Very Large Telescope) gibt und ähnliche Bezeichnungen wie "Extremely Large Telescope", nannte man das neue Projekt etwas selbstironisch Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (Überwältigend großes Teleskop).
		das Very Large Telescope befinden, oder die kanarischen Inseln, wo 2005 das Gran Telescopio Canarias in Betrieb genommen wird.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Overwhelmingly_Large_Telescope (556 words)

	Astronomy Links - Telescopes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(California Extremely Large Telescope): In the early planning stages by the University of California and Caltech; a 30-m diameter array of hexagonal mirrors, using adaptive optics-similar to the Keck telescopes.
		(Large Binocular Telescope): Two 8.4 m mirrors on a single mount, located atop Mount Graham in Arizona, to be completed in 2004; updates from May 2000, Dec 2002.
		(Overwhelmingly Large telescope): In the early planning stages by the ESO; a 100-m diameter array.
	www.olemiss.edu /courses/astr104/Topics/Telescopes-L.html (609 words)

	dandrollette.com : portfolio > magazines
		To achieve large telescopes, astronomers seem to have settled into a few general approaches: ambitious projects, such as the European Southern Observatory’s appropriately named OverWhelmingly Large 100-m telescope; and 30-m telescopes that seem moderate by comparison.
		The OverWhelmingly Large telescope proposal has drawn the most attention, mostly because of its vast size, which is about the height and width of the Great Pyramid of Egypt.
		Gilmozzi predicted that the OverWhelmingly Large telescope, if started immediately, could be completed by 2015 at less than one-thirtieth the cost of a monolithic version.
	www.dandrollette.com /p_magazines.php?id_mags=20 (1929 words)

	SPACE.com -- Bigger and better telescopes
		A primary area of research for mega-telescopes is to probe the structure and evolution of galaxies in the early universe.
		Though the sticker prices range from $250 million to $1 billion on these behemoths, astronomers point out that the performance gain is proportionally much greater, offering a lot more bang for the buck when it comes to raw power for harvesting light from the far corners of space and time.
		The initial 10-meter Keck telescope, built in the 1980s, was the first major observatory to get away from trying to polish a huge single piece of glass for a mirror.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/celt_telescopes_000913.html (993 words)

	Howstuffworks "Astronomers Compete to Build World's Largest Telescope"
		The California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT) is still in the early planning stage, but astronomers hope to finish construction within the next 10 to 15 years.
		A key component in the telescope will be an adaptive optics system to correct for the blurring effects of the atmosphere.
		These large telescopes will be used to explore the most distant galaxies and perform detailed studies of deep space not yet seen.
	www.howstuffworks.com /news-item214.htm (503 words)

	Telescopes
		The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the U.S. follow-on to the Einstein Observatory.
		The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) is a collaboration between Arizona (25%), Italy (25%, represented by the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory in Florence), Research Corporation (12.5%), the Ohio State University (12.5%), and Germany (25%, represented by the LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft).
		Michelle: A mid-infrared spectrometer and imager for the UKIRT and Gemini telescopes
	www.cv.nrao.edu /fits/www/yp_telescope.html (12332 words)

	Astronomy Online - Current Trends
		The king of the Earth based optical observatories are the Keck twins on the peak of Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
		A proposed infrared and optical telescope of interest is the Euro50, the Extremely Large Telescope.
		One of the major goals of this telescope is to perform follow-up observations of data collected from the NGST.
	astronomyonline.org /CurrentTrends.asp (733 words)

	Executive Summary
		A number of telescopes are planned that will be devoted to locating and imaging terrestrial planets orbiting around nearby stars.
		The instrumentation that is and will be available to use with both the space and ground-based telescopes is innovative and in many cases is limited by physics not engineering.
		This telescope will be able to accomplish the prime scientific goals outlined above and in addition, at 25m+ it will have the minimum size capable of exploiting new discoveries made by the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) currently scheduled for launch by NASA in 2007.
	www.cfht.hawaii.edu /Reference/NGC/node3.html (993 words)

	Reference Library - RedOrbit
		Overwhelmingly Large Telescope -- The European Southern Observatory has undertaken a concept study for the next generation of ground-based Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs).
		The major technological breakthroughs that made the current generation of 8- to 10-m telescopes possible provide strong confidence that with a sound industrial approach, OWL could be feasible at an affordable cost.
		The primary objectives of the OWL study are to verify the feasibility of a 100-m class optical telescope, explore potential science cases, define a baseline conceptual design and operation's scheme, and establish reliable cost, schedule, and performance estimates.
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library?article_id=16 (340 words)

	Digg - Large Telescope could reveal secrets of life, the universe & everything
		The Extremely Large Telescope (Elt) being proposed by scientists from a consortium of European countries based at the Cerro Paranal observatory in Chile's Atacama desert will dwarf anything astronomers use today.
		The article description sounds as if the telescope was to be build in Chile, however, that's just where the Consortium is (and the Very Large Telescope, yes it's called VLT).
		The problem isn't the size of the telescope: it's the atmosphere that absorbs the majority of the electromagnetic spectrum.
	www.digg.com /space/Large_Telescope_could_reveal_secrets_of_life_the_universe_everything (781 words)

	Resolution and Sensitivity
		For circular apertures, such as in telescopes, where the light rays from a source are parallel, as is the case for distant point sources of light such as stars, the light will be diffracted so as to form an Airy disc.
		Large mirrors traditionally were made very thick to avoid the problem of flexing which would distort any image.
		The Purpose of a Telescope is a simple short page from a set of course notes at Cornell University.
	outreach.atnf.csiro.au /education/senior/astrophysics/resolution_sensitivity.html (1451 words)

	New telescope could reveal secrets of the universe
		The telescope, which could cost up to €1-billion and be located in Antarctica, would be operational within a decade.
		The sharpest eye that astronomers have on the universe today is ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), a €500-million array of four 8m-diameter telescopes that sit on the 2 500m-high peak of Cerro Paranal.
		Kaufer said that ESO's expert team is considering options for a telescope somewhere between 30m and 60m in diameter, partly driven by competition with the Americans, who are planning a 30m telescope.
	www.prisonplanet.com /articles/August2006/050806telescope.htm (758 words)

	Engineering 100, Section 103, Group 3
		In addition to all of this, the adaptive optics of the OWL allow it to observe details as small as 1.4 millarcseconds which is equivalent to the width of a penny seen from 1,700 miles away.
		The Chandra X-ray Telescope is a large satellite at 13.8 meters (45 feet) long to create a large range of area for x-rays to reflect.
		Therefore, the Chandra is required to use a large team to spend the time figuring calculations and measurements to support the data from the Chandra.
	www.angelfire.com /mi2/engin100 (4426 words)

	Universe Today - Extremely Large Telescope Takes the Next Step (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The European consortium building the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) - a monster observatory with a main mirror that will be between 50-100 metres - moved a step closer to building their telescope today by releasing the scientific case.
		The power of optical telescopes is limited by the size of the mirror that is used to collect light, which in turn determines how well they can distinguish between faint objects - the bigger the mirror, the fainter the object that the telescope will be able to see.
		For example, a 100m telescope with perfect compensation for atmospheric disturbances would be able to separate two points on the moon two metres apart, compared with 95m apart for the Hubble Space Telescope.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/extremely_large_telescope_step.html (1100 words)

	The Hindu News Update Service
		The telescope, which could cost up to Euros1 billion and be located in Antarctica, would be operational within a decade.
		The sharpest eye that astronomers have on the universe today is Eso's Very Large Telescope (VLT), a Euros500 million array of four 8 metre-diameter telescopes that sit on the 2,500-metre high peak of Cerro Paranal.
		A study published earlier this year, however, suggested that there were too many hurdles: the mirror would need an amount of steel equivalent to the Eiffel tower to support it, the whole structure had to be moveable, and it would probably cost Euros1.5 billion.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/holnus/008200608060350.htm (722 words)

	Heavens open up for UK astronomers
		UK astronomers will now be able to use the four 8.2-metre and several 1.8-metre telescopes that comprise the Very Large Telescope [VLT] facility located in the northern part of the Atacama desert in Chile, as well as two 4-m class telescopes and several smaller ones at the ESO La Silla observatory further south.
		A world-leading "survey" telescope capable of rapidly mapping huge areas of the sky to great depth, which is being built using a grant awarded to an 18 strong university consortium led by Queen Mary, University of London.
		The 4-metre wide field telescope will initially be equipped with the world's largest infrared camera, which later may be augmented with an optical camera, to produce "atlases" of the sky.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-07/ppa-hou070802.php (1239 words)

	ScienceDaily: UC Santa Cruz Astronomers Forge Ahead On Giant Telescope Project
		The next milestone in telescope size is likely to be one with a primary mirror 30 meters in diameter, which would provide ten times the light-gathering area of each of the Kecks.
		Based on the historical relationship between telescope size and cost, however, Nelson figured that a 30-meter telescope could be built for 5 percent of the cost of a 100-meter telescope.
		UC and Caltech astronomers have used the Keck Telescopes to study about 10 percent of the objects in the Hubble Deep Field, but the rest are too faint to probe with the Kecks.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/09/000913205531.htm (1720 words)

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