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Topic: Ovule

	Ovule - MSN Encarta
		Ovule literally means "small egg." In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells.
		ovule In seed plants, a protective structure in which the female gametophyte develops, fertilization occurs, and seeds develop; contained within the ovary.
		Two sperms are then discharged into the embryo sac; one of these fuses with the egg nucleus at the micropylar end of the embryo sac, and this fertilized egg then develops into the embryo of the seed.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574772/Ovule.html (272 words)

	ovule - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Ovule, in botany, name applied to immature seeds, which are produced within the ovary of a flower.
		Man is developed from an ovule, about 125th of an inch in diameter, which differs in no respect from the ovules of other animals.
		Seed, term applied to the ripened ovule of a seed plant before germination.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /ovule.html (151 words)

	Ovule Development Mutants
		In ovule development ANT mRNA is initially present in the entire ovule primordium but the zone of mRNA is refined to the chalazal region by the time integument primordia emerge (Elliott et al., 1996).
		Meiosis usually doesn't occur in ant ovules and an embryo sac is not formed (Klucher et al., 1996; Elliott et al., 1996; Baker et al., 1997).
		In contrast, in sup ovules asymmetric formation of the outer integument primordium is followed by uniform extension of the integument around the circumference of the ovules (Gaiser et al., 1995).
	www.mcb.ucdavis.edu /faculty-labs/gasser/Ovule_Mutants.html (1105 words)

	ovule - semaines
		Les ovule sociétés non financières augmentent nettement leur recours aux crédits ovule bancaires.
		ovule Ils sont souvent proposés dans les magasins de meubles, d’électroménager, les ovule concessionnaires automobiles Vous apportez un apport personnel et vous ovule empruntez le reste.Les crédits non affectés.
		Il prend en compte :le prix d’achat du ovule bien acheté, l’apport initial éventuel, le montant emprunté, le Taux Effectif ovule Global Annuel (TEG) qui prend en compte les frais de dossier, de gestion et les ovule assurances obligatoires, le nombre de mensualités, le montant des mensualités, ovule le coût de l’assurance.
	www.accouchement1.fr /ovule.html (309 words)

	Ovule Sterility and Seed Set in Alfalfa
		The possible role of developing ovule nutriti~n in sterility was investigated by recording the percentage of callosized ovules in relation to the position of the ovules within the ovary for B 17 and other three plants (Fig.2).
		The regression of the mean ovule sterility of offspring on midparents provided an estimate of narrow-sense heritability of 0.85, with a standard error of 0.11, demonstrating that additive gene action is prevalent and that a small number of genes should be involved.
		Callosized ovules were found in all of the populations, from a minimum of 4% average sterility per plant in Wisfal to a Maximum of 26% in M. coerulea, and the differences between populations were significant.
	www.naaic.org /TAG/TAGpapers/rosellini/rosellini.html (2718 words)

	Ovule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In conifers and similar plants known as Gymnosperms (meaning naked seed), the ovules are borne unenclosed on the surface of an ovuliferous (ovule-bearing) scale, usually within a cone.
		Prior to fertilization, the ovule consists of the female gametophyte, the nucellus, and integuments, which in Angiosperms are attached to the placental wall of the fruit through a structure known as the funiculus.
		The mature female gametophyte (or megagametophyte) is a seven-celled, eight nucleate organ in the haploid gametophyte phase of the plant life cycle that develops within the ovule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ovule (631 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Distinct short-range ovule signals attract or repel Arabidopsis thalianapollen tubes in ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tube entry into the ovule appears to be not influenced by the number of tubes near a micropyle; targeting was achieved regardless of whether one or multiple tubes were in the vicinity of an ovule (see Additional files 1, 2, 3, 4).
		The species specificity and diffusion properties of the ovule attractant are consistent with a protein signal, while the abrupt transmission and response to the repellent suggests the activity of a small molecule, a peptide, or post-translational modifications to signals present before fertilization.
		Excised ovules were immediately placed on the pollen growth medium, ~2 mm from the pistil, a distance that was typically accessible by the emerging pollen tubes.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2229/6/7 (4865 words)

	Soon Hwang - UF Journal of Undergraduate Research Paper
		The internal anatomy of cleared ovules was visualized using Normarsky optics, where differences in the refractive index of the samples generated contrast.
		The outer integument undergoes asymmetric growth, causing the distal tip of the ovule to curve until it is adjacent to the funiculus.
		The frequencies of ovule phenotypes in the F2 populations that were segregating for multiple mutations were tabulated.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /jur/200304/papers/paper_hwang.html (2469 words)

	ovule - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		ovule - definition of ovule in the Medical dictionary - by the Free...
		Information about ovule in Free online English dictionary.
		Help with Spanish, French, German, and Italian homework.
	au.encarta.msn.com /ovule.html (156 words)

	An Ovule Culture Technique for Producing Interspecific Lesquerella Hybrids
		The first was to develop an ovule culture protocol specific to Lesquerella for the regeneration of immature ovules from interspecific hybrid crosses and, if necessary, from subsequent backcross generations.
		Ovule germination rates ranged from 0% to 40%, depending on the species involved in the cross and generational stage.
		This may be why the ovule germination percentage (11.3%) is lower than all of the (P × F) × (F or P) BC crosses that were derived from colchicine treated, fertile maternal parents.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/ncnu02/v5-208.html (1602 words)

	WUSCHEL signaling functions in interregional communication during Arabidopsis ovule development -- Groß-Hardt et ...
		The corresponding wus ovule is naked because of the lack of integuments.
		in ovules was altered by the wus mutation.
		Ovules were stained with aniline blue to detect callose accumulation, which is indicative of meiotically dividing cells.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/16/9/1129 (6161 words)

	Specification of Identity
		The ovule is a modular structure (see below) and the identity of certain elements of the ovule appears to be regulated separately.
		It was therefore suggested that BEL1 exerts a cadastral function and prevents the misexpression of AG in the ovule (Modrusan et al, 1994; Ray et al, 1994).
		It is, however, unclear whether AG plays a role in ovule development after all, because ovules develop in ap2-2 ag double mutants (Bowman et al, 1991b), and overexpression of AG does not lead to the formation of carpels in place of ovules (Mizukami and Ma, 1992).
	www.weihenstephan.de /plantdev/ovuleDevelopment/identity.html (707 words)

	RESEARCH OVERVIEW
		Parallel studies demonstrated that the postpollination syndrome in orchids, ranging from perianth senescence to ovule differentiation in the ovary, involve coordinated interorgan regulation of expression of the two key ethylene biosynthetic genes, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase (O'Neill et al., 1993; Nadeau et al., 1993).
		Our studies of pollination-induced ovule differentiation in the Phalaenopsis orchid flower have established the basic information of timing and hormonal stimuli to allow further characterization of gene expression associated with the timing of major developmental transitions during ovule development (Zhang and O'Neill, 1993).
		We have isolated ovule developmental stage-specific mRNA, constructed stage-specific cDNA libraries capturing key developmental events occurring during the archesporial cell, megaspore mother cell and mature embryo sac stages, and have identified a large number of ovule-specific, differentially expressed cDNA clones corresponding to the major ovule developmental transitions of megasporogenesis and embryo sac development.
	www-plb.ucdavis.edu /labs/oneill/researchdesc.html (932 words)

	Biology 2402 Lecture Notes - Fertilization and Seed Development in Angiosperms
		One to several ovules are contained within the ovary which have the potential to mature into seeds.
		The key events that take place in the carpel are megasporogenesis, the formation of megaspores by meiosis, the development of the megagametophyte (also known as the embryo sac), the development of ovules which mature into seeds after fertilization, and the development of fruits to disperse the seeds.
		Recall that ovules form in the ovary and that the ovary is a unit of the carpel which is part of the gynoecium.
	www.ualr.edu /botany/fertilization.html (1135 words)

	Wild-type Ovule Development
		Stage 1 defines the early initiation and outgrowth phase of ovule ontogenesis.
		The ovule therefore will exhibit a characteristic kink (anatropy, (Gifford and Foster, 1989)) with the micropyle situated next to the developing funiculus.
		In summary, the ovules of Arabidopsis thaliana are tenuinucellate and carry a Polygonum-type embryo sac.
	www.wzw.tum.de /plantdev/ovuleDevelopment/wtDevelopment.html (308 words)

	Arabidopsis STERILE APETALA, a multifunctional gene regulating inflorescence, flower, and ovule development -- Byzova ...
		The upper ovule is morphologically normal and is penetrated by a pollen tube (arrow).
		) of a sap ovule with an aberrant dyad.
		Ovules in the outer and inner gynoecium are indicated with arrows.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/13/8/1002 (7350 words)

	Arabidopsis Ovule (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As the progenitors of seeds, ovules have a critical role in plant sexual reproduction.
		An increased understanding of the molecular genetic processes behind ovule development has the potential to increase our ability to manipulate these processes through either classical or molecular genetics.
		However, ovules are simple enough so that we have a reasonable chance of elucidating all of the critical regulatory steps necessary for their development.
	www.mcb.ucdavis.edu /faculty-labs/gasser/wt.html (247 words)

	Regulation of Ovule Development -- Skinner et al. 16 (Supplement 1): S32 -- THE PLANT CELL
		The ovule in (H) is from a sup mutant showing the ectopic growth of the outer integument on the gynoapical side of the ovule (arrowhead).
		LUG, SEU, and TSL are required for the coordinated growth of the inner and outer integuments, ensuring that the outer integument supersedes and encloses the inner integument of an ovule at anthesis.
		Ovules of Integument Cell Proliferation and Expansion Mutants at Anthesis.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/suppl_1/S32 (8083 words)

	Differential ovule development following self- and cross-pollination: the basis of self-sterility in Narcissus ...
		Scanning transmission electron micrograph of anatropous ovule illustrating proximity of micropyle (arrowhead) to placental epidermis.
		Micropylar exudate present 3 d postpollination in an ovule with a 7-celled embryo sac.
		of ovules (Beardsell, 1991) or embryo sacs (Kenrick, Kaul, and
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/86/6/855 (5685 words)

	Bacterial Vaginosis Cured In Three Days With New Cleocin Vaginal Ovule (Site not responding. Last check: )
		SAN DIEGO, CA -- Sept. 25, 1998 -- The first three-day ovule treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV) in non-pregnant women was the focus of a study presented at the 38th interscience conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC).
		Three multicentre studies were performed in North America and Europe by Pharmacia and Upjohn to investigate the use of either clindamycin vaginal cream or a new clindamycin vaginal ovule for three-day treatment when compared to standard seven-day treatments with either metronidazole or clindamycin cream.
		Results of all three clinical studies showed that a three-day regimen of either clindamycin cream or ovule is as effective as a seven-day regimen of either metronidazole or clindamycin vaginal cream.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/B1852.htm (701 words)

	IngentaConnect Effect of ovule position on patterns of seed maturation and abort... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I examined the effect of ovule position on patterns of ovule development within the linear pods of fl locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L. Fruits were sampled from three sites in southwestern Ontario, Canada.
		Patterns of seed maturation and abortion within fruits were nonrandom and depended on ovule position.
		Hence, ovule position exerts an influence on offspring vigour and has the potential, ultimately, to affect plant fitness.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nrc/cjb/2006/00000084/00000008/art00007 (398 words)

	Early Detection of Ovule Fertilization Progress in Corn (Purdue Univ.) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Silks normally detach from fertilized ovules within days of successful pollination and thus can be used as an early indicator of pollination progress and/or success.
		Remember that each potential kernel (called an ovule) on the ear develops a silk (the functional "style" of the female flower) that elongates and eventually emerges through the ear's husk leaves at the end of the ear shoot (Nielsen, 2003a).
		Silks of unfertilized ovules remain attached, however, and will continue to lengthen and be receptive to pollen for up to 10 days after emergence from the ear shoot.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /ext/corn/news/articles.04/EarShake-0711.html (891 words)

	Ephedra Ovules (Site not responding. Last check: )
		My laboratory has begun a morphological characterization of ovule development of Ephedra viridis in an effort to better understand gymnosperm ovule development.
		Close-up of the inner integument (the circular ring of cells) of a "stage 7" Ephedra ovule.
		Close-up of the nucellus and inner integument of a "stage 9" Ephedra ovule.
	calvin.linfield.edu /~cgaiser/ephedraovules.html (158 words)

	Development and Evaluation of a Thermoreversible Ovule Formulation of Stampidine, a Novel Nonspermicidal Broad-Spectrum ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In vitro dissolution profile of stampidine from ovules into synthetic vaginal fluid at 37°C. Stampidine formulation was prepared at 1% (w/w) concentration, warmed at 37°C to produce a flowable liquid, and loaded in size 00 hard gelatin capsules.
		Mean vaginal irritation scores for NZW rabbits given ovule formulation with and without stampidine intravaginally for 14 consecutive days.
		Note the intactness of vaginal epithelium (E) and lack of leukocyte influx in the submucosa (SM) in stampidine-treated rabbit tissues.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/69/6/1843 (5686 words)

	Effect of Ovule Position within the Pod on the Probability of Seed Production in Bauhinia ungulata (Fabaceae) -- ...
		Analysis of variance for the effect of ovule position on the rate of ovule fertilization, early and late seed abortion, seed damage by insects, and seed maturation in Bauhinia ungulata
		Likelihood of the different fates of ovules as a function of ovule position within the fruit in Bauhinia ungulata.
		Hossaert M, Valéro M. Effects of ovule position in the pod on patterns of seed formation in two species of Lathyrus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae).
	aob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/95/3/449 (3583 words)

	NOZZLE links proximal-distal and adaxial-abaxial pattern formation during ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana -- ...
		Proximally, the funiculus connects the ovule to the placenta.
		Expression pattern of INO during ovule development in nzz-2 (A-D), ats (E,F), sup-5 (G,H) and nzz-2 ats (I-L).
		In ovules of nzz-2 ats mutants, INO expression is similar to wild type in most instances (arrow in I,a), but sometimes the expression can be seen throughout the central region (arrow in I,b).
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/129/18/4291 (5905 words)

	The PRETTY FEW SEEDS2 gene encodes an Arabidopsis homeodomain protein that regulates ovule development -- Park et al. ...
		ovules, the embryo sac was occasionally absent (Fig.
		In this ovule, the embryo sac failed to differentiate in the nucellus (n).
		(F) In ovules, the outer integument frequently did not undergo asymmetric cell expansion, which is characteristic of wild-type ovules.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/132/4/841 (4937 words)

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