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Topic: Oxidase

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	Oxidase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An important example is cytochrome c oxidase, the key enzyme that allows the body to employ oxygen in the generation of energy and the final component of the electron transfer chain.
		Other oxidases include glucose oxidase, monoamine oxidases, cytochrome P450 oxidases, NADPH oxidase, Xanthine oxidase, L-gulonolactone oxidase.
		In microbiology, the oxidase test is used as a phenotypic character for the identification of bacterial strains; it determines whether a given bacterium produces cytochrome oxidases (and therefore utilizes oxygen with an electron transfer chain).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oxidase (166 words)

	Glucose oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Glucose oxidase (GOx) E.C. The glucose oxidase composition:
		Photostimulation of dinitrospiropyran-modified glucose oxidase in the presence of DNP-antibody.
		Enatioselective bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of glucose oxidase at chiral-monolayer-electrodes.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/glucose_oxidase.htm (3439 words)

	Methods for the Detection of D-Amino-Acid Oxidase
		D-Amino-acid oxidase catalyzes oxidative deamination of D-amino acids (stereoisomers of naturally occurring L-amino acids) to the corresponding 2-oxo acids, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide in the course of the reaction (1).
		D-Amino-acid oxidase protein was detected by western blotting in the kidney and brain of the mouse, and in the kidney of the rat (12-14).
		RT-PCR amplified a D-amino-acid oxidase cDNA fragment from RNA extracted from the kidney and brain of the mouse, and from the kidney, liver, and cerebellum of the rat (13, 14).
	www.biologicalprocedures.com /bpo/arts/1/7/m7.htm (2023 words)

	Monoamine Oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Monoamine oxidase A is located in the outer membrane of the mitochondria of neurons and initiates degradation of neurotransmitters of the catecholamine family - dopamine, adrenalin (= epinephrine) and noradrenalin (= norepinephrine).
		Monoamine oxidase A degrades the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine by converting the amine group into aldehyde group.
		The gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is located on the X chromosome and individuals with deletions and point mutations are known.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/micr302/MAO.html (403 words)

	Monoamine oxidase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oxygen is used to remove an amine group from a molecule, resulting in the corresponding aldehyde and ammonia.
		The general form of the catalized reaction (with R denoting an arbitrary group) is
		H H R-C- Monoamine oxidase contains the covalently-bound cofactor FAD.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monoamine_oxidase (380 words)

	Cytochrome c oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cytochrome c oxidase plays a vital role in oxidative phosphorylation: it is where the electrons reach their final acceptor.
		The importance of cytochrome c oxidase is its role as a thermodynamic force for oxidative phosphorylation and its ability to contain dangerous partially reduced intermediates, superoxides, which can cause genetic and tissue damage.
		Cytochrome c oxidase also affects aggregation of beta amyloid peptide which leads to plaque in the brain which is associated with the Alzheimer's disease.
	www.chem.uwec.edu /Chem406_F97/Webpages97/jscott/cco2.html (1390 words)

	NADPH Oxidase: An Update -- Babior 93 (5): 1464 -- Blood
		and the remainder of the oxidase subunits are uncertain.
		Provisional mechanism for the activation of the NADPH oxidase by the LRI.
		Wallach TM, Segal AW: Stoichiometry of the subunits of flavocytochrome b558 of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/93/5/1464 (7563 words)

	Human Cytochrome Oxidase Deficiency -- ROBINSON 48 (5): 581 -- Pediatric Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The cytochrome oxidase complex is made up of the mtDNA-encoded COX I, COX II, and COX III subunits that form the core of the complex.
		Taanman JW, Capaldi RA 1992 Purification of yeast cytochrome c oxidase with a subunit composition resembling the mammalian enzyme.
		Haltia T, Saraste M, Wikstrom M 1991 Subunit III of cytochrome oxidase is not involved in proton translocation: a site-directed mutagenesis study.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/48/5/581 (4163 words)

	Glucose oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of (beta)-D-glucose toD-gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
		Although specific for (beta)-D-glucose, glucose oxidase can be used to measure total glucose, because as a result of the consumption of (beta)-glucose, (alpha)-glucose from the equilibrium is converted to the (beta)-form by mutarotation.
		As many glucose assays measure the peroxide produced by the glucose oxidase reaction, it is important that the enzyme used for these assays has a low catalase content in order to avoid destruction of the peroxide and an underestimation ofthe glucose in the assay.
	www.serva.de /products/knowledge/061333.shtml (178 words)

	Xanthine oxidase family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family contain a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and [Fe ] clusters and catalyse the oxidative hydroxylation of a range of aromatic heterocyclic compounds (X) and aldehydes (RCHO) in reactions that involve the cleavage of a C-H bond [1, 2].
		Desulfovibrio gigas aldehyde oxidoreductase and the eukaryotic xanthine oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase are
		The two dithiolene sulphur atoms of the molybdopterin and two oxygen ligands form the equatorial plane, whereas the apical site is occupied either by a sulphido group in the functional sulpho form of the enzyme or by an oxygen ligand in the inactive desulpho form [1, 5].
	metallo.scripps.edu /PROMISE/XANTOXIDASE.html (601 words)

	Pfam 19.0 : Cu-oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Multicopper oxidases are enzymes that possess three spectroscopically differentcopper centers PUBMED:2404764, PUBMED:1995346.
		The enzymes that belong tothis family include laccase () that in fungi and plants oxidizes manydifferent types of phenols and diamines, ascorbate oxidase (), a higher plantenzyme and ceruloplasmin (), a protein found in the serum of mammals andbirds that oxidizes a great variety of inorganic and organic substances.
		The multicopper oxidase, type 1 domain is also present in proteins that have lost the abilityto bind copper.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=Cu-oxidase (196 words)

	eMedicine - Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency : Article by Georgianne L Arnold, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency have virtually identical phenotypes, the central nervous system toxicity appears to be secondary to loss of function of sulfite oxidase.
		One patient was diagnosed with sulfite oxidase deficiency at birth based on neonatal seizures and a history of a sibling with the disorder.
		Sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency in the metabolism of sulfated amino acids.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2172.htm (1752 words)

	GTPases and reactive oxygen species: switches for killing and signaling -- Werner 117 (2): 143 -- Journal of Cell ...
		relatives of the neutrophil burst oxidase and its subunits have
		Approximately 10% of the oxidase is located at the plasma membrane and 90% is located in two separate compartments: the secretory vesicles and specific granules.
		Cross, A. p40(phox) participates in the activation of NADPH oxidase by increasing the affinity of p47(phox) for flavocytochrome b(558).
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/2/143 (5924 words)

	Cytochrome c oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Haem/copper terminal oxidases catalyse the fourelectron reduction of dioxygen to water, coupled to generation of a proton electrochemical gradient across the membranes in which they are embedded [1]:
		Cytochrome c oxidase (COX; EC 1.9.3.1) is a haem/copper terminal oxidase which uses cytochrome c (cyt c) as electron donor (see list of reviews on structure and function of COX).
		The sequences of subunits I, II and III are well conserved throughout the haem/copper terminal oxidase superfamily [2].
	metallo.scripps.edu /PROMISE/COX.html (1052 words)

	Vascular NAD(P)H oxidases: specific features, expression, and regulation -- Lassègue and Clempus 285 (2): 277 -- ...
		Upon oxidase activation, electrons are transferred in sequence from the substrate to FAD, each of the 2 hemes, and finally to molecular oxygen on the opposite side of the membrane.
		During the sustained phase of oxidase activation, PLD produces phosphatidic acid (PA), which is converted to DG.
		(43), and the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase assembly apocynin
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/2/R277 (7469 words)

	Regulation of Lysyl Oxidase by Interferon-{gamma} in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells -- Song et al. 20 (4): 982 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Lysyl oxidase (EC 1.4.3.13) is a copper-dependent metalloenzyme
		Tan RS, Taniguchi T, Harada H. Identification of the lysyl oxidase gene as a target of the antioncogenic transcription factor (IRF-1) and its possible role in tumor suppression.
		Regulation of lysyl oxidase expression in lung fibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta and prostaglandin E2.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/4/982 (4249 words)

	Pancreatic {beta}-Cells Express Phagocyte-Like NAD(P)H Oxidase -- Oliveira et al. 52 (6): 1457 -- Diabetes
		NAD(P)H oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme composed of membrane-bound
		oxidase complex in the ß-cells was confirmed by immunostaining
		Immunohistochemical localization of the NAD(P)H oxidase complex in rat pancreatic islet cells immediately after being isolated (A) and after incubation for 2 h in the presence of 5.6 mmol/l glucose (B).
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/6/1457 (3955 words)

	Worthington Glucose Oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Okuda, J., and Miwa, I.: Polarographic Microdetermination of D-Glucose Anomers with beta-D-Glucose Oxidase, Anal Biochem 39, 387, 1971
		Swoboda, B., and Massey, V.: On the Reaction of the Glucose Oxidase from Aspergillus niger with Bisulfite, J Biol Chem 241, 3409, 1966
		Swoboda, B., and Massey, V.: Purification and Properties of the Glucose Oxidase from Aspergillus niger, J Biol Chem 240, 2209, 1965
	www.worthington-biochem.com /GOP (2405 words)

	Dr. Koop - Urine Glucose Oxidase Test- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		The urine glucose oxidase test measures the concentration of glucose in the urine.
		Another result is an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood, which is then excreted in the urine.
		You should promptly seek professional medical care if you have any concern about your health, and you should always consult your physician before starting a fitness regimen.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/486.html (316 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor : Article by Soumya Ganapathy, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pathophysiology: Monoamine oxidase is a mitochondrial enzyme that functions to deaminate primary and secondary aromatic amines.
		Patients with monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) overdoses should be admitted to the hospital primarily because of the prolonged latent stage.
		The failure to consider monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) ingestion in a child whose condition is deteriorating is a pitfall.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2785.htm (2899 words)

	Inhibition of NAD(P)H Oxidase Activity Blocks Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Overexpression and Neovascularization ...
		NAD(P)H oxidase by interfering with the assembly of the cytosolic
		Stolk J, Hiltermann TJ, Dijkman JH, Verhoeven AJ: Characteristics of the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophils by apocynin, a methoxy-substituted catechol.
		Abid MR, Kachra Z, Spokes KC, Aird WC: NADPH oxidase activity is required for endothelial cell proliferation and migration.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/167/2/599 (5170 words)

	Cryptic O2--generating NADPH oxidase in dendritic cells -- Elsen et al. 117 (11): 2215 -- Journal of Cell Science
		and to the cytosolic factors of oxidase activation, p67phox, p47phox and p40phox.
		not oxidase activity, was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.
		Kleinberg, M. E., Malech, H. and Rotrosen, D. The phagocyte 47-kilodalton cytosolic oxidase protein is an early reactant in activation of the respiratory burst.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/11/2215 (8069 words)

	Pfam 19.0 : Amino_oxidase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In lower eukaryotes such as aspergillus and in bacteria the main role of amine oxidases is to provide a source of ammonium [3].
		PAOs in plants, bacteria and protozoa oxidase spermidine and spermine to an aminobutyral, diaminopropane and hydrogen peroxide and are involved in the catabolism of polyamines [1].
		Cloning, sequencing and heterologous expression of the monoamine oxidase gene from Aspergillus niger.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=Amino_oxidase (302 words)

	PKC{zeta} Regulates TNF-{alpha}-Induced Activation of NADPH Oxidase in Endothelial Cells -- Frey et al. 90 (9): 1012 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		of NADPH oxidase in a stimulus- and cell-specific manner.
		Phosphorylation of neutrophil 47-kDa cytosolic oxidase factor: translocation to membrane is associated with distinct phosphorylation events.
		containing NADPH oxidase selectively expressed in endothelial cells is a major source of oxygen radical generation in the arterial wall.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/90/9/1012 (3893 words)

	Monoamine oxidase (MAO) - Gerard J. Kleywegt
		Amine oxidases are ubiquitous enzymes, found in both micro-organisms and higher organisms.
		Among the various types of amine oxidase, the mitochondrial flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) is of special interest for neuropsychiatry.
		Irreversible and unspecific inhibitors of monoamine oxidase were the first modern anti-depressants, but due to their adverse side effects they have fallen into disuse.
	alpha2.bmc.uu.se /gerard/mao.html (637 words)

	Kennell Lab
		The AOD is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water after receiving electrons directly from reduced ubiquinone, circumventing complex III and complex IV.
		Induction of the alternative oxidase could be particularly important for fungal plant pathogens that are exposed to inhibitors of the cytochrome oxidase pathway such as NO released by plants expressing the hypersensitive response (Joseph-Horne et al.
		The cyanide-resistant alternative oxidases from the fungi Pichia stipitis and Neurospora crassa are monomeric and lack regulatory features of the plant enzyme.
	pages.slu.edu /faculty/kennellj (731 words)

	Deficiency of NADPH Oxidase Components p47phox and gp91phox Caused Granulomatous Synovitis and Increased Connective ...
		Deficiency of NADPH Oxidase Components p47phox and gp91phox Caused Granulomatous Synovitis and Increased Connective Tissue Destruction in Experimental Arthritis Models -- van de Loo et al.
		Wientjes FB, Segal AW: NADPH oxidase and the respiratory burst.
		Gao XP, Standiford TJ, Rahman A, Newstead M, Holland SM, Dinauer MC, Liu QH, Malik AB: Role of NADPH oxidase in the mechanism of lung neutrophil sequestration and microvessel injury induced by Gram-negative sepsis: studies in p47phox-/- and gp91phox-/- mice.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/163/4/1525 (5971 words)

	DBGET Result: LIGAND 1.9.3.1
		KO: K00407 cb-type cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
		KO: K02263 cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa
		oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by cytochrome c oxidase in air.
	www.genome.ad.jp /dbget-bin/www_bget?ligand+1.9.3.1 (264 words)

	Structure and regulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase: comparison with nonphagocyte oxidases -- Quinn ...
		Structure and regulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase: comparison with nonphagocyte oxidases -- Quinn and Gauss 76 (4): 760 -- Journal of Leukocyte Biology
		Structure and regulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase: comparison with nonphagocyte oxidases
		Activation of the Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase by Rac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors in Conjunction with ATP and Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase
	www.jleukbio.org /cgi/content/abstract/76/4/760 (750 words)

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