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Topic: Oxidative stress

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	OXIDATIVE STRESS,
		Oxidative stress results from the metabolic reactions that use oxygen, and it has been defined as a disturbance in the equilibrium status of pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant systems in intact cells.
		The most effective anti-oxidant in oxidative stress is dependent on the specific molecules causing the stress, i.e., superoxide anion, lipid peroxides, iron-generated hydroxyl radical, etc., and the cellular or extracellular location of the source of these molecules.
		During oxidative stress, a large family of proteins that contain reactive sulfhydryls are modified by oxidation to mixed-disulfides with attached glutathione (S- thiolation).
	www.bb.iastate.edu /~jat/glutchp.html (4330 words)

	Oxidative stress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oxidative stress is a medical term for damage to animal or plant cells (and thereby the organs and tissues composed of those cells) caused by reactive oxygen species, which include (but are not limited to) superoxide, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite or hydrogen peroxide.
		Oxidative stress is thought to be linked to certain cardiovascular disease, since oxidation of LDL in the endothelium is a precursor to plaque formation.
		Oxidative stress (as formulated in Harman's free radical theory of aging) is also thought to contribute to the aging process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oxidative_stress (601 words)

	Reduce Oxidative Stress : CerefolinNAC
		Oxidative stress is the condition created due to the accumulation and action of free radicals in the body's cells.
		Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of ROS in a system exceeds the body's ability to neutralize and eliminate them thus creating an imbalance or over abundance of free radicals.
		Studies suggest that oxidative stress is present in the brain of patients with early memory loss, suggesting that oxidative damage may be an initial event in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
	www.cerefolin.com /OxidativeStress (1175 words)

	Current Research
		KLRI plans to conduct oxidative stress assays in various human populations in order to validate assays to be used to evaluate promising interventions.
		Assays for oxidative stress and anti-oxidant capacity will be carried out on sera and urine obtained from healthy volunteer women and men in order to define normal mean, range, and percentile distributions of values for each assay, as conducted in the Kronos Laboratories.
		Oxidative stress measures will be repeated in the smokers after smoking cessation therapy and results from successful quitters will be compared with those who continued to smoke.
	www.kronosinstitute.org /oxidative.html (1077 words)

	NHLBI Workshop on Oxidative Stress/Inflammation and Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders, Meeting Summary, NIH, DHHS
		Both oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, as well as anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory factors, need to be measured concurrently since the metabolic processes overlap and the lack of balance between these stressors and protectors may lead to development or progression of HLBS disorders.
		The workshop began with recognition of the importance of studying oxidative stress in population studies despite the failure of antioxidant trials, and an overview of criteria to be considered in selecting biomarkers for population studies.
		As evidenced in the workshop presentations, oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers are associated with many HLBS conditions and risk factors in population and clinical studies including participants across a broad spectrum of age, race/ethnicity, gender, geographical regions.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /meetings/workshops/oxidative-stress.htm (2950 words)

	GDX Oxidative Stress Profile Frequently Asked Questions
		Oxidative stress has also been implicated in accelerated aging - its ongoing damage gradually alters how organs function, resulting in a variety of degenerative disorders that impair health and well-being.
		The Oxidative Stress analysis from Genova Diagnostics assays several markers to determine the degree of free radical activity present and the availability of certain antioxidants to combat oxidative stress.
		Once you have discovered your oxidative stress level and the amount of free radical activity, you and your health care professional can develop a nutritional plan.
	www.gdx.net /home/assessments/oxidativestress/faq (675 words)

	Bionutrition.org - Oxidative Stress
		Oxidative stress is the cause of wrinkles, sagging skin, and age spots.
		This aging of the skin is an outward manifestation of "oxidative stress," which is occurring within every cell in your body.
		When this oxidative stress is allowed to persist over a prolonged period of time, you will most likely develop a serious chronic degenerative disease.
	www.bionutrition.org /oxidative-stress.asp (1339 words)

	UB Reporter: Oxidative stress, menstruation link studied (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Researchers at UB are conducting the first comprehensive study of the relationship between hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle and cellular oxidative stress, thought to be an important factor in female infertility.
		Oxidative stress is caused by highly toxic, highly reactive oxygen molecules called free radicals, which can damage tissues if not neutralized by antioxidants.
		To examine the potential influence of external factors on oxidative stress and hormone levels, investigators will collect information on intake of prescription and nonprescriptions drugs and vitamin and mineral supplements, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, exercise, stress levels and concentrations of vitamins A, C and E in blood serum.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol36/vol36n8/articles/FertilityStudy.html (516 words)

	Dopamine and oxidative stress
		The METH toxicity seems to be produced by oxidative stress, as it was attenuated by the antioxidant glutathione, and to involve dopamine because dopamine release and synthesis inhibitors attenuated the toxicity.
		"Oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in dopaminergic cells exposed to methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 302(1): 26-35.
		Rats were exposed to heat stress (ambient temperature, 42 degrees C) until mean arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow began to decrease from their peak levels, which was arbitrarily defined as the onset of heatstroke.
	lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu /da_and_oxidative_stress.htm (10063 words)

	Naked mole-rat unfazed by oxidative stress
		The results fly in the face of the oxidative stress theory of aging, which holds that damage caused by oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the aging process.
		Buffenstein said she suspects that the mole-rat is able to fend off the occasional oxidative insult that can occur, and that may be more important than what happens with the steady-state levels of oxidative stress that result from normal metabolic activity.
		But this exposure at an early age may provide some protection against acute oxidative stress and may be of considerable importance in their resistance to bursts oxidative stressors throughout their lives, she said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-10/aps-nmu100606.php (1057 words)

	Excessive oxidative stress in autistic children
		Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states, and may be a common pathogenic mechanism underlying many major psychiatric disorders, as the brain has comparatively greater vulnerability to oxidative damage.
		The broadest data for oxidative stress mechanisms have been derived from studies conducted in schizophrenia, where evidence is available from different areas of oxidative research, including oxidative marker assays, psychopharmacology studies, and clinical trials of antioxidants.
		This metabolic profile is consistent with impaired capacity for methylation (significantly lower ratio of SAM to SAH) and increased oxidative stress (significantly lower redox ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione) in children with autism.
	www.autism.com /medical/research/advances/autism-oxidative.htm (4447 words)

	NKF K/DOQI Guidelines
		Oxidative stress is defined as the tissue damage resulting from the imbalance between an excessive generation of oxidant compounds and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
		Further research is required to investigate the possible interactions between the presence of oxidative stress and both traditional risk factors (such as dyslipidemia) and non-traditional risk factors (such as inflammation, vascular calcification, advanced glycation end-products and endothelial dysfunction) for atherosclerosis.
		Oxidative stress, which is an important part of the host defense mechanism, may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in CKD.
	www.kidney.org /professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_cvd/oxidative.htm (1921 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Oxidative stress in hepatitis C infected end-stage renal disease subjects
		Oxidative stress is increased in both hepatitis C (+) and hepatitis C (-) hemodialysis subjects.
		Oxidative stress can be defined as an increase in oxidants and/or a decrease in antioxidant capacity [1], and is being increasingly associated with a wide spectrum of renal diseases [2,3].
		It has been suggested that increased oxidative stress is a possible risk factor contributing to development of DNA damage, which may be associated with various cancers and cardiovascular disease [32].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2334/6/114 (3864 words)

	OXIDATIVE STRESS, EXERCISE AND AGING (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This book brings together some of the leading researchers in the actively investigated field of oxidative stress, an area of study which is of importance to human health and disease.
		Key concepts of oxidative stress, exercise and aging are presented in clear and easy-to-understand terms.
		Oxidative stress in different types of exercises — isometric, isotonic and sports — is explained in detail, with several chapters focusing on acute and chronic adaptations of skeletal muscles following both aerobic and non-aerobic exercises.
	www.worldscibooks.com /lifesci/p422.html (363 words)

	Oxidative Stress
		Oxidative stress is the adverse effect of oxidants on physiological function.
		The study of oxidative stress is a Core Scientific Focus at Brunswick Laboratories.
		Analyzing the correlation between inputs, the intake of antioxidants, and outputs, actual changes in oxidative stress levels in physiological fluids, is an integral part of our scientific mission - and is a key to evaluating the role of antioxidants in human health.
	www.brunswicklabs.com /overview_oxidative.shtml (139 words)

	Abstract: Oxidative Stress in HIV-1-Infected Injection Drug Users
		Oxidative stress is defined as a disturbance in the equilibrium status of pro-oxidant/antioxidant systems of intact cells (1).
		In HIV infection, oxidative stress may be caused by both overproduction of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and a simultaneous deficiency of antioxidant defenses (2).
		Oxidative stress and apoptosis in HIV infection: a role for plant-derived metabolites with synergistic antioxidant activity.
	www.drugabuse.gov /MeetSum/MEG/07tang.html (500 words)

	Oxis International Inc. \| About Oxidative Stress
		Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of ROS in a system exceeds the system’s ability to neutralize and eliminate them.
		The increased awareness of oxidative stress related to disease and the need to measure the delicate balance that exists between free radicals and the systems in place to regulate them has given rise to a demand for new research tools.
		2 - physiological stress on the body that is caused by the cumulative damage done by free radicals inadequately neutralized by antioxidants and that is held to be associated with aging.
	www.oxisresearch.com /oxidative_stress_complete.html (3574 words)

	What is Oxidative Stress?
		Oxidative Stress (OS) is a general term used to describe the steady state level of oxidative damage in a cell, tissue, or organ, caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS).
		The level of oxidative stress is determined by the balance between the rate at which oxidative damage is induced (input) and the rate at which it is efficiently repaired and removed (output) (see Figure.
		The determinants of oxidative stress are regulated by an individual's unique hereditary factors, as well as his/her environment and characteristic lifestyle.
	www.genox.com /what.htm (277 words)

	Oxidative stress and pollutants
		Although oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism of lead and cadmium toxicity mostly based on in vitro experiments or animal studies, it is uncertain whether this mechanism is relevant in the pathogenesis of lead- or cadmium-related diseases in the general population with low environmental exposure to lead and cadmium.
		The oxidative stress mediated by PM may arise from direct generation of reactive oxygen species from the surface of particles, soluble compounds such as transition metals or organic compounds, altered function of mitochondria or NADPH-oxidase, and activation of inflammatory cells capable of generating ROS and reactive nitrogen species.
		Resulting oxidative DNA damage may be implicated in cancer risk and may serve as marker for oxidative stress relevant for other ailments caused by particulate air pollution.
	www.autism.com /medical/research/advances/autism-polloxi.htm (3166 words)

	:: Glucotize :: Oxidative Stress
		In research studies, oxidative stress is causally linked to both blood sugar levels and complications.
		The effect oxidative stress (OS) has in diabetes has been, and continues to be, the object of substantial clinical investigation.
		Oxidative stress (OS) is the term used to describe the damage to a cell, tissue, or organ caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as free radicals.
	www.glucotize.com /ox_stress.html (726 words)

	Oxidative Stress and the Neuropathies
		Both HIV and the Neuropathies are affected by oxidative stress - mediated by free radicals.
		Oxidative stress has emerged in recent years as a suspected component in the pathogenesis of HIV disease.
		Free radicals are generated by phagocytes (a type of immune cell) during the destruction of bacteria and virally infected cells, which leads to speculation that increased oxidative stress occurs during inflammatory immune responses.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/pns/22338 (481 words)

	Oxford Biomedical Research (800) 692-4633
		Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between antioxidant forces (antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can irreversibly modify cellular components.
		The cause may be due to environmental exposure to oxidants, inadequate antioxidant ingestion, or enzymatic disorders, resulting in a pathogenic level of oxidative damage.
		In some cases of oxidant stress, ascorbate supplementation may prevent formation of lipid hydroperoxides, some of which will not otherwise be detoxified by endogenous plasma activities.
	www.oxfordbiomed.com /pathoxid.html (338 words)

	IMMUNOSCIENCES LAB., INC. (Services)
		If these mechanisms are damaged or the endogenous level of antioxidants is low, a condition is formed which is referred to as oxidative stress.
		The second protection mechanism against oxidative stress depends on the intracellular level of antioxidants.
		The following are measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress: natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, lipid andprotein peroxidation, cellular levels of oxidized and reduced glutathione, cellular levels of ascorbic acid and DNA adducts.
	www.immuno-sci-lab.com /2003_cat_page158 (852 words)

	Oxidative Stress
		In healthy people, increases in oxidative free radicals are neutralised by antioxidant defenses, and it is only when these defenses are overwhelmed that oxidative stress and consequently cell injury results.
		Chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment of increased oxidative stress and altered muscle excitability in response to incremental exercise.
		Oxidative stress levels are raised in chronic fatigue syndrome and are associated with clinical symptoms.
	www.name-us.org /ResearchPages/ResOxidation.htm (1596 words)

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