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Topic: Oxus River

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	Oxus - LoveToKnow 1911
		Near the junction of the Surkhan with the Oxus are the ruins of the ancient city of Termez, on the northern or Bokharan bank, and the ferry at Pata Kesar (not far from the ruins of an old bridge) is the connecting link between Bokhara and Mazar hereabouts.
		The Murghab river and the Hari Rud, which terminate in the oases of Mer y and Sarakhs, almost certainly penetrated to the gulf of the Kara Kum, but the question whether the Oxus was ever deflected so as to enter the gulf with the Murghab cannot be said to be answered decisively at present.
		The Oxus figures in Persian romantic history as the limit between Iran and Turan, but the substratum of settled population to the north as well as the south was probably of Iranian lineage.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Oxus (6036 words)

	Afghanistan - LoveToKnow 1911
		From Kushkinski the boundary runs north-east, crossing the Murghab river near Maruchak (which is an Afghan fortress), and thence passes north-east through the hills of the Chul, and the undulating deserts of the Aleli Turkmans, to the Oxus, leaving the valleys of Charshamba and of Andkhui (to which it runs approximately parallel) within Afghan limits.
		The boundary meets the Oxus at Khamiab at the western extremity of the cultivated district of Khwaja Salar, and from that point to the eastern end of Lake Victoria in the Pamirs the main channel of the Oxus river forms the northern limits of Afghanistan.
		The Kabul river drains Northern Afghanistan, the Hari Rud the province of Herat, and the Oxus that of Afghan Turkestan.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Afghanistan (15631 words)

	OXUS - Online Information article about OXUS
		Karateghin, and the river at once commences to adopt an uncertain channel wherever the out-stretched arms of the hills fail to confine it within definite limits.
		Large flat-bottomed boats are towed across the river by small horses attached to an outrigger projecting Oxus beyond the gunwale by means of a surcingle or bellyband.
		The Murghab river and the Hari Rud, which terminate in the oases of Mery and Sarakhs, almost certainly penetrated to the gulf of the Kara Kum, but the question whether the Oxus was ever deflected so as to enter the gulf with the Murghab cannot be said to be answered decisively at present.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /ORC_PAI/OXUS.html (6028 words)

	Badakshan
		The Kokcha river traverses Badakshan from south-east to north-west, and, with the Kunduz, drains all the northern slopes of the Hindu Kush west of the Dorah pass.
		North of the Kokcha, within the Oxus bend, is the mountainous district of Darwaz, of which the physiography belongs rather to the Pamir type than to that of the Hindu Kush.
		The valleys are narrow, but fertile and populous~ The mountains are rugged and difficult; but there is much of the world-f amous beautyof scenery,and of the almost phenomenal agricultural wealth of the valleys of Bokhara and Ferghana to be found in the as yet half-explored recesses of Badakshan.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Badakshan.html (917 words)

	Oxus River
		They did not come near the Oxus, but they (and others) left records of the Jaxartes: its vicinity, they said, was filled with a constant noise and tumult of crashes, as pieces of the river's bank slid into the water.
		If the larger branch of the Oxus empties into the Sarykamysh then in effect the Sarykamysh must be considered a lake--and hence, may even be called the true basin of the Oxus.
		Strabo xi (c.509 and 518) quotes Aristobulus speaking of the transport of Indian merchandise on the "well navigable" Oxus (in the present day, the river is not navigable; the water-level fluctuates too much) to the Caspian and across the sea and thence through the Caucasus to the Euxinus or Black Sea.
	www.iras.ucalgary.ca /~volk/sylvia/OxusRiver.htm (1155 words)

	Badakhshan Summary
		On the west, Badakhshan was bounded by a line which crosses the Turkestan plains southwards from the junction of the Kundus and Oxus rivers till it touches the eastern water-divide of the Tashkurghan River, and then runs southeast, crossing Kunduz, until it strikes the Hindu Kush.
		Then, however, the Darwaz extension northwards was exchanged for the Russian Pamir extension westwards, and the river throughout became the boundary between Russian and Afghan territory; the political boundaries of those provinces and those of Wakhan were no longer coincident with their geographical limits.
		The Kokcha river traverses Badakhshan from southeast to northwest, and, with the Kunduz, drains all the northern slopes of the Hindu Kush west of the Dorah pass.
	www.bookrags.com /Badakhshan (1430 words)

	BIOGRAPHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The death and the madness like flags so that Oxus, the river of gold, continue hiding their secrets to the eyes of those slaves that are not still liberated of the yokes of its nonexistent gods..."
		The band starts at the beginning of the 2001, when Iyari and Cristobal know each other in the preparatory and they see that their musical influences are very similar, then they decide to create a musical project that satisfied their restlessness like musicians.
		Oxus begins to work in the first material, nearer to the doom metal.
	www.freewebtown.com /oxus/biography.htm (363 words)

	WHAT DOES OXUS MEAN? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Oxus River was the name that the classical Greek geographers (such as Herodotus) used for the Amu Darya (Darya is Persian for "sea"), the river which runs along the southern border of Uzbekistan, separating it from Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.
		The other major river in the area, the Syr Darya, which roughly follows the border between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, was called the Jaxartes by the Greeks.
		The area beyond the Oxus (from a European or Middle Eastern viewpoint) used to be called Transoxiana (meaning "beyond the Oxus") by the Greeks.
	www.oxuscom.com /defin.htm (105 words)

	Amu Darya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers.
		Many local people refer to the river as Jayhoun (جيحون) which was thought to be a derivative of Gihon, the biblical name for one of the four rivers of the Garden of Eden or paradise.
		With an essay on the Geography of the Valley of the Oxus by Colonel Henry Yule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oxus (496 words)

	Old Balkh
		The courses of the rivers have shifted, thus Bactria is not as glorious as it had been during the Macedonian occupation.
		The modern city of Balkh [the old Bactrus], stood on the banks of this river, but now the city is a few miles away from the mighty Oxus.
		Their long time enemy was the Scytaians who lived to the north of Oxus and crossed over, from time to time, to loot the border villages.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/old_balkh.html (2065 words)

	Oxus - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Production evidence for the origins of the Oxus Civilization.
		The Oxus Civilization: the Bronze Age of central Asia.
		UZBEKISTAN: Construction of first phase open-pit gold and silver mine including heap leaching facility is subject to the arrangement of project financing, OXUS MINING PLC [UK] - Order #: 121401.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-o1xus.html (271 words)

	Afghanistan Demographics and Geography - Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
		Geographical regions are the Hindu Kush mountain range; the central Hazarajat highland; the piedmont plains of the Amu Darya River; the alluvial plains of the Kabul River; the semiarid rocky plain of Registan; the irrigated plains of the Helmand River; and the arid, rocky Herat valley.
		True forests are found only in Nuristan (Asmar Forest) and Khost in E. The rivers are mostly unnavigable; the longest is the Helmand, which flows generally SW from the Hindu Kush to the Iranian border.
		The Kabul River, on which the capital stands, is particularly famous because it leads to the Khyber Pass and thus S to Pakistan.
	www.columbiagazetteer.org /public/Afghanistan.html (1650 words)

	Oxus to Samarkand, Uzbekistan
		On Thursday, the 21st of August, they reached a great river called the Viadme {River Oxus}, which is another of the rivers which flow from Paradise.
		After watering the valley of Badakshan, passing through a mountainous region, thirty miles south of the old city of Balk, the River Oxus enters the desert, and flows past Khiva into the sea of Aral, fertilizing a tract of land, about a mile broad, on either side.
		This river descends from the mountains, flows through the plains of the territory of Samarkand, and the land of Tartary, and falls into the sea of Baku {The Caspian}.
	www.gardenvisit.com /travel/clavijo/oxustosamarkand.htm (414 words)

	The ten-horned beast: Alexander the Great. (12) The way to dusty death
		A new terror was waiting for the soldiers: the march to the river Oxus, across 75 kilometer of waterless desert.
		The army proceeded to the river that was locally known as Jaxartes (the modern Syrdar'ya).
		This was to be a garrison against the nomadic tribes north of the river, the Sacae.
	www.livius.org /aj-al/alexander/alexander12.html (2805 words)

	Indus River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originating in the Tibetan plateau in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar, the river runs a course through Jammu and Kashmir in both Indian Kashmir and Northern Areas, flowing through the North in a southernly direction along the entire length of country, to merge into the Arabian Sea near Pakistan's port city Karachi.
		The Indus River feeds the Indus submarine fan located in the Arabian Sea, which is the second largest sediment body on the Earth at around 5 million cubic kilometers of material eroded from the mountains.
		Studies of the sediment in the modern river indicate that the Karakoram Mountains in northern Pakistan are the single most important source of material, with the Himalaya provide the next largest contibution, mostly via the large rivers of the Punjab (i.e., the Ravi, Jhellum, Chenab and the Sutlej).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indus_River (2163 words)

	www.oxus.de ---> river oxus ---> history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The ancient Oxus and the highlands of Badakhshan are known for the finest lapis lazuli in the world.
		Apparently from the Oxus, lapis was exported all the way to Egypt; this was the source of all Egypt's lapis, according to the Egyptians themselves.
		Marco Polo was the the first european who visited the lapis mines at the Oxus and wrote about it in 1271.
	home.nikocity.de /mihajel/oxusDE/oxushistory.html (143 words)

	Spitamenes - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Bessus was completely surprised and retired to the north, across the river Oxus (the modern Amudar'ya), and Alexander easily captured the capital of Bactria, Bactra.
		The Macedonian army proceeded through Sogdia to the river that was locally known as Jaxartes (the modern Syrdar'ya).
		This was to be a garrison against the nomadic tribes north of the river, the Scythians.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Spitamenes (913 words)

	Amu Darya River, the major river of Uzbekistan and Central Asia :: Oxus and Jaxartes - ancient names of Amu Darya and ...
		In ancient times the Amu Darya was called the Oxus and figured importantly in the history of Persia and in the campaigns of Alexander the Great.
		The Oxus River was the name that the classical Greek geographers (such as Herodotus) used for the Amu Darya (Darya is Persian for "sea").
		The other major river in the area - the Syr Darya, which roughly follows the border between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, was called the Jaxartes by the Greeks.
	www.orexca.com /amudarya_uzbekistan.shtml (355 words)

	Helmand: the river in Arachosia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The main river of Arachosia is Argandab (Arachotos Gr.) River, which is a tributary of Helmand River.
		To the north of Kandahar is a valley above the valley of the Argandab River.
		Kabul River flows into the Indian Ocean through Indus River which flows to the Arabian Sea, part of the Indian Ocean.
	hindunet.org /saraswati/helmand/helmand1.htm (1868 words)

	Hyrcania - Message Board - ezboard.com
		Hyrcania, the main residence of the Shatomlics, is located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.
		To it's east lies the River Oxus, and further east and south it is surrounded by the Alborz mountains.
		To the east lies the river Oxus, and beyond the river are the Alborz mountains.
	p214.ezboard.com /ftheamazonnationfrm16 (353 words)

	Ancient Kamboj Rashtra - 3 - KambojSociety.com
		This Galcha area covers Badakshan, Pamir as well as the eastern region in between the Oxus and Jaxartes river, towards the source of Juxartes and Zarphashan river, where the Yognobi dialect of the Galcha language is found to be spoken till date.
		Then the victorious king, after crossing Oxus, meets the Kambojas on its east side which precisely is confirmed to be the Doab of Jaxartes (Syr darya) and Oxus (Amu Darya) i.e in the Trans-Oxian region of Central Asia.
		Undoubtedly, Idrisi refers to the Kamboja country located on the north side of Hindukush, beyond the Oxus river, and obviously it was the Pamirs lands and some parts in the Doab of Jaxartes and Oxus rivers.
	www.kambojsociety.com /ancient_3.asp (4504 words)

	Amu Darya Summary
		The longest river in Central Asia (length measurements vary between 2,200 and 2,500 kilometers), the Amu Dar'ya (Oxus) has two annual floods: in the spring, from precipitation, and in the summer, from the Pamir Mountains' melting glaciers and snows.
		The river's lower extent and associated oases divide the Kara-Kum and Kyzyl Kum Deserts and have been critical to the cultural ecologies of Central Asia throughout the history of human occupation.
		The Amu Darya or Amudarya (Uzbek: Amudaryo, Persian: آمودریا Darya means sea, ocean or river), is the longest river in Central Asia.
	www.bookrags.com /Oxus (990 words)

	ESA - Observing the Earth - Earth from Space: Winter snow on the Hindu Kush
		Prominent to the south is the yellow expanse of Afghanistan's Rigestan desert plateau, with rippled sand dunes visible on its eastern side.
		Further north can be seen a longer water course running down from the Hindu Kush: known to the ancient Greeks as the Oxus River, this river flows for 2400 km across the arid region.
		The Syr Darya River flows northwest towards the Aral Sea (part of its course through snow-dusted plains can be seen by clicking to see the full, high-resolution image) although like the Amu Darya River further south it nowadays dries up long before reaching it.
	www.esa.int /esaEO/SEMIZRMZCIE_index_0.html (511 words)

	The Oxus treasure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Oxus treasure is the most important surviving collection of Achaemenid Persian metalwork.
		It includes vessels, a gold scabbard, model chariots and figures, armlets, seals, finger-rings, miscellaneous personal objects, dedicatory plaques and coins It was found on the banks of the River Oxus, probably at the site of Takht-i Kuwad, a ferry station on the north bank of the river.
		In due course Franks bought Cunningham's share of the treasure, and eventually the entire Oxus treasure was bequeathed by him to The British Museum.
	www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk /compass/ixbin/goto?id=ENC6821 (286 words)

	The Tajikistan Update - Ishkashmi, Zebaki, and Yazghulami - Introduction
		The principal tongues of the valleys adjoining the Pamirs, -apart form Turki, which is spoken by the Kirghiz occupying the Pamirs proper at the head-waters of the main Oxus branches and their tributaries, -are the "Ghalchah" (Galca) languages known as Wakhi, Sarikoli, (3) and Shugni (Shaw's "Shighni").
		The River Wardoj, which is formed by the junction of two streams rising in the Hindukush, approaches, but does not join, the River Oxus near where that body of water takes its great bend to the north.
		Ishkashm, on the right or northern bank of the Oxus, is reckoned to extend upwards to the rocky defiles above the village of Namadgut and downwards to the hamlet of Malwac, where the gorges of Garan are entered.
	www.angelfire.com /sd/tajikistanupdate/yzintro.html (2440 words)

	Transoxiana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Persian epic Shahnameh, written by the poet Ferdowsi, Transoxiana is the homeland of the Iranian nomadic tribes and the Oxus river is the border between Iran and Turan.
		Transoxiana, however, is Latin, and literally means "beyond the Oxus River", the Greek name for the Amu Darya, which describes the region perfectly from the viewpoint of the Greeks and Romans.
		Both are in the southern portion of Transoxiana, (though still to the north of the Amu Darya itself, on the river Zeravshan), and the majority of the region was dry but fertile plains.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transoxiana (536 words)

	Bactria
		Situated between the Hindu Kush mountain range in the south and the river Oxus (Amudar'ya) in the north, it is essentially an east-west zone that consists of extremely fertile alluvial plains, a hot desert, and cold mountains.
		The contrast between the country's fertility and desolation was already noted in Antiquity (e.g., by the Roman author Quintus Curtius Rufus); the presence of all types of landscape helps to explain why agriculture and urbanism started early in Bactria.
		North of the river was the steppe, which was occupied by Sogdian nomads, with whom the Bactrians must have exchanged products.
	www.livius.org /ba-bd/bactria/bactria.html (1612 words)

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