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Topic: Oyo empire

	Oyo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oyo (Ọyọ in Yoruba orthography, pronounced [ɔyɔ]) is the name of a Yoruba city in modern-day Nigeria and also of the loose empire which that city controlled in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		What was to become the Oyo empire began as the state of Oyo, founded sometime before 1400, with its capital at Oyo-Ile, (also known as Katunga or Old Oyo).
		In 1796, an Ilorin-centred revolt against Awole, the then-reigning Alaafin, or chief-ruler of Oyo, was initiated by Afonja, the Aare Ona Kakanfo, or chief military commander of the provincial army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oyo (272 words)

	Oyo - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Oyo is the name for a city in Africa and also the loose empire that that city controlled in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		In 1796, an Ilorin-centred revolt against Awole, the then-reigning Alaafin, or chief-ruler of Oyo, was initiated by Afonja, the Aare Ona Kakanfo, or chief military commander of the army.
		Oyo is also a city in the Republic of Congo.
	www.indopedia.org /Oyo.html (224 words)

	Oyo - oyo instruments
		What the location of the ancient city of oyo was to become oyo plotter the Oyo empire began as the state of Oyo, which was founded sometime before 1400, with its capital at Oyo Ile, (also known as Katunga angel oyo boy or Old Oyo).
		In 1796, an Ilorin-centred revolt oyo nigeria against Awole, the then-reigning Alaafin, or chief-ruler of Oyo, was initiated oyo by Afonja, the Aare Ona Kakanfo, or chief military commander oyo freeway of the army.
		This revolt, which led to the secession of Ilorin, marked the beginning of the disintegration of the Oyo empire, camp oyo as other vassal states soon began cassava farming in oyo boy sotto oyo state to follow Ilorin's what is oyo example.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-Africa-L---P/Oyo.html (173 words)

	Nigeria: OYO STATE - Oyo State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 1991, the former Oyo State was split into two the present Oyo State and Osun State in another states creation exercise by the General Babangida Government.
		'Oyo' is derived from the name of the seat of government of the old Oyo Empire, of the precolonial era.
		Old Oyo, the seat of the then Oyo Empire was sacked about 1839 (Bascom, 1962) and was forced to relocate farther south to the present site which is about fifty three kms north of lbadan, the Oyo State capital.
	www.onlinenigeria.com /links/oyostateadv.asp?blurb=354 (407 words)

	Egbado - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Egbado towns, most importantly Ilaro and Ayetoro, were established in the 18th century to take advantage of the slave trade routes from the inland Oyo empire to the coast at Porto-Novo.
		The Oyo were unable to deploy their cavalry force to protect the routes, due to tsetse fly and lack of horse-fodder - and thus had to rely on the Egbado to manage the routes.
		The Egbado later achieved a fragile independence after the fall of the Oyo kingdom, but were subject to frequent attacks from other groups such as the slave-raiding Dahomey (who seized, among others, Sarah Forbes Bonetta), and various tribes who wished to force open their own slave-trading routes to the sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Egbado (544 words)

	Oyo
		The Oyo empire was not a centralized monolith but consisted rather of layers of states with varying loyalties to the center.
		That the Oyo empire remained virile until late in the eighteenth century is tribute to the ability of numerous kings who, like the legendary Sango or Ojigi, the eighteenth century conquerer of Dahomey, were able to govern effectively despite the customary limitations placed upon their rule.
		Apparently at the height of her powers, Oyo was in fact already overextended and began to lose strength when the royal line came under the domination of Gaha, the bashorun, or head, of the Oyo Mesi, who seized power in 1754 and held it until he was overthrown about 1774.
	www.ijebu.org /oyo (1063 words)

	People
		Oyo became the seat of the empire in the late 1600s.
		Oyo’s political and military position was achieved through the power of their cavalry in 1698.
		The Oyo managed to maintain a tenuous hold on the remnants of the empire until 1886 when they signed a treaty with the British.
	www.church-of-the-lukumi.org /ekunfeo02.htm (1887 words)

	Nigeriaworld Feature Article - "Civilisation started from Yoruba Kingdom" - Alaafin of Oyo
		The old Oyo Empire was one of the earliest and probably, the greatest independent race in West Africa, south of the equator.
		The reign of Oranmiyan marked a new phase in Yoruba history as it witnessed the executive transfer of political power from Ile-Ife to Oyo, and thereafter, Oyo become the political headquarter of the Yoruba race, and that is where the Alaafin presides from.
		We still have excavations of the old Oyo Empire, and centuries after, some of the walls of the old Oyo Empire, are still standing in its original form.
	nigeriaworld.com /feature/partners/focus/082203-alaafin.html (3183 words)

	untitled
		Oyo control over the routes to the south was strengthened by the colonisation of Ifonyin and, later, of Egbado.
		Oyo sold many of its slaves to Ijebu dealers at Apomu, but Law argues that in the 1810s supplies from Oyo were limited, and the Ijebu were hard-pressed to meet the demand (1977: 274).
		With Ijaye disposed of, Ibadan was free to consolidate its empire in the east.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /YorubaT/yt2.html (9513 words)

	Guinea Coast, 1600-1800 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		One of the largest states in coastal West Africa, the Oyo empire covers an estimated 18,000 square miles at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
		Shrines dedicated to Shango, the Yoruba deity of thunder and an early king of Oyo, house wooden sculptures such as figures, dance wands, and bowls that are central to royal court ceremony.
		Oyo Yoruba colonization along the empire's frontiers and the practice of holding political hostages from client states, such as Dahomey, at court introduces elements of Yoruba culture and statecraft to other peoples.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/09/sfg/ht09sfg.htm (955 words)

	Nigeria - MSN Encarta
		In Oyo, as elsewhere throughout coastal West Africa, the traffic in slaves had disastrous results—not just on those traded, who were largely from the interior, but also on the traders.
		As a result, when Britain banned the slave trade in the early 19th century, Oyo was hard-pressed to maintain its prosperity.
		The Oyo state of Ilorin broke away from the empire in 1796, then joined the northern Sokoto caliphate in 1831 after Fulani residing in Ilorin seized power.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557915_10/Nigeria.html (1186 words)

	Civilizations in Africa: The Forest Kingdoms
		The kingdoms of Benin, Oyo, and the Manikongo sent ambassadors, intellectuals, and students to Lisbon and to Rome to study European ways and to represent their civilizations to the Europeans.
		Several forest kingdoms, such as the Oyo empire (Yoruba) and the kingdom of Dahomey, derived immense wealth from the slave trade.
		Oyo itself only became an empire through the expansion of the slave trade in the eighteenth century.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CIVAFRCA/FOREST.HTM (1036 words)

	Oyo - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Oyo was founded c.1835 as the successor of Old Oyo (Katunga), the capital of the Yoruba empire of Oyo, which was destroyed in the Yoruba civil wars of the early 19th cent.
		Oyo is about 100 mi (161 km) S of Old Oyo.
		OYO Instruments Acquires EcoPRO Imaging Corporation Business; Enters into Thermal Film Distribution Alliance.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/o/oyo.asp (158 words)

	Nigerian Information Technology Professionals in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Kanem empire predates the second millenium since it was established around 800A.D by a Yemeni hero whose Seifawa dynasty came to an end in 1422 when the Kanem empire gave way to the Shehu dynasty of Bornu.
		The history of the Yoruba people and states are traceable to the legendary Oduduwa whose son, Oranmiyan founded Oyo Empire with Alafin as the titular head of State and second in command to the deity.
		The Oyo empire was at the zenith of its power in the 19th century but the contradictions in the power structure was to prove its waterloo.
	www.nitpa.org /aboutnigeria.shtml (1037 words)

	OpenHeaven.com - Reports & Testimonies
		At the official reception, Reinhard and the team were welcomed to Oyo and, after prayers for the local dignitaries, Reinhard prayed for the two princes and the princess, all teenagers.
		Oyo had exercised great political influence over the Yoruba people for a long time, but today the lands lie fallow and most of the people have left, seeking more fertile areas.
		The Oyo Fire Conference was no exception, as with dramatic and dynamic teaching from both Reinhard and Peter van den Berg, the delegates were thoroughly prepared for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on Saturday.
	www.openheaven.com /reports/details.asp?id=215 (1333 words)

	African States
		A settlement at Oyo, which is located in the far north of Yorubaland, already existed about 1100 A.D. It appears to have developed into a small kingdom in the late 14th or early 15th century.
		Some Yoruba traditions say that Oyo was founded by Oranyan, the son or grandson of Oduduwa; other traditions say that Oyo was founded by Sango, who became the Yoruba god of Thunder and Lightning.
		Using horses to create cavalry forces, the rulers of Oyo conquered much of Yorubaland in the 17th century, and expanded their empire to its greatest extent when, between 1730 and 1748, they forced the powerful state of Dahomey to the west of Yorubaland to become their tributary.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/history/giblinstate.html (5221 words)

	Old Oyo National Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Old Oyo National Park is a Nigerian tourist site located across northern Oyo State and southern Kwara State.
		The Old Oyo National Park is easily accessible from southwestern and northwestern Nigeria.
		The nearest cities and towns adjoining Old Oyo National Park include Saki, Iseyin, Igboho, Sepeteri, Tede and Igbeti which have their own commercial and cultural attractions for tourism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Oyo_National_Park (116 words)

	Search Results for "Oyo"
		Oyo was founded c.1835 as the successor of Old Oyo (Katunga),...
		Iseyin was the capital of a small Yoruba kingdom under the Oyo empire....
		The Yoruba are unusual in Africa in their tendency to form urban communities.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/65search?query=Oyo (248 words)

	Ajayi lecture 2a
		It was in the process of translating the Bible into Crowther's Oyo dialect, which he and his colleagues adapted and standardized into a written form of the language, that Yoruba nationalism or ethnicity was born.
		It was the Oyo cavalry force that protected most of the areas to the north and west of Yorubaland.
		The Oyo Empire controlled Nupe and Borgu, and expanded down to the coast, incorporating the Egba and Egbado, and beyond into Dahomey and Togo.
	www.martynmission.cam.ac.uk /CAjay2a.htm (5272 words)

	A Peddler in Yorubaland Travelogues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Alafin of Oyo is one of the two most respected traditional rulers in Yorubaland and descends from a dynasty that goes back to the great Oyo Empire founded in the 12th century, ruled by, among others, Shango who later became the Yoruba god of thunder.
		In Oyo, George, an engineer, local politician and friend of Alhaji’s gave some insights, ‘you see, the Yoruba consider all other tribes as either subhuman or superhuman, we are the only humans on earth’ he explained drily.
		Oyo Ile eventually fell to invading Fulani and the new Oyo was founded on its present site in the 1820’s.
	www.trekshare.com /index.cfm?p1=25&trip_id=1949 (3303 words)

	Geographical Location of the Adja (Ewe)-Fon kingdom of Dahomey
		The destruction of Allada power ushered in a long era of invasions from the Oyo Empire (to which Allada had been a tributary state) and the subjugation of Dahomey to nominal Oyo suzerainty.
		In 1818 Oyo domination was thrown off in the wake of a major resurgence of Dahomean power and expansion under two of the kingdom's most illustrious kings, Ghézo and Glele.
		Unfortunately, it was under the aegis of King Glele that slavery was increased, and was the chief major export to European and American slavers, as well as the major source of wealth and economic prosperity of the region.
	www.mamiwata.com /map4.html (400 words)

	Joseph Kenny OP: The spread of Islam in Nigeria: a historical survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The coastal empires were the first to be born: Benin, Oyo, Dahomey, Ashante, the major ones, while the jihâd empires of the interior followed once they were touched by the reverberation of trade routes to the coast.
		Akinjogbin does, however, admit that Oyo was heavily engaged in slave trading in the late 18th century.
		Oyo paid for slaves and horses from the north with European goods obtained from the coast, particularly cowry shells, but also iron bars, cloth, earthenware, beads, rum and guns.
	www.diafrica.org /nigeriaop/kenny/Sist.htm (7430 words)

	Raceandhistory.com - Nigeria: The Edo of Benin
		The twin kingdoms of Edo and Oyo (Yorubaland) remained two of the most powerful kingdoms on the west coast of Africa up until the establishment of the British Protectorate at the end of the nineteenth century.
		The expansion of the Edo Empire dates back to a period long before the first European written reports were made in the second half of the fifteenth century, and was no doubt linked to Benin's strong trading position on the Niger Delta.
		It is said that in the reign of Oba Ehengbuda the armies of the Oba of Edo and the Alafin of Oyo planted trees at Otun in the Yoruba country of Ekiti to demarcate the respective spheres of influence of the two empires.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/edoofbenin.htm (3931 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Most of the roles and activities of the Yoruba people were known in the rule of the old oyo empire.
		The Greatest days of the Yoruba's under the Oyo empire was during the war and invasion of the Europeans (Britain) in 1895,in Oyo city, though they were conquered, the Yoruba's hold on to the dignity and integrity of their culture.
		In conclusion, the history and culture of the Yoruba race has explained the role of the Oyo empire historically bringing the glory back to the culture of Yoruba people through the development of their cultural inheritance, prosperity, power and respect for the Yoruba people and their culture.
	www.utexas.edu /conferences/africa/2004/database/adeyemo.html (450 words)

	Amana Online
		It is generally agreed, however, that Oyo, which was to become the more powerful of the Yoruba States, had come into existence by the year 1400 and that its first capital, Old Oyo, was founded at about that time.
		Oyo gradually grew in strength and authority until it had extended its sway over the whole of Yorubaland and had become the suzerain of the petty States which surrounded it.
		One of the results of the defeat of Oyo and the flight of the Yorubas from the old capital was the founding of Ibadan.
	www.amanaonline.com /Sokoto/sokoto_13.htm (4411 words)

	UsmanA_27_1.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The 15th to late 17th centuries A.C. in Yorubaland, Nigeria, witnessed the rise and expansion of the Oyo Empire, a development that also left its mark on its peripheries.
		This paper examines village activities and changes in settlement patterns on the periphery of the Oyo Empire, primarily the Igbomina area of north-central Yorubaland, and to what extent these changes can be attributed to regional sociopolitical change, especially the rise and expansion of Old Oyo authority.
		North-central Yorubaland was politically and militarily important to the Old Oyo state, maintaining military alliances with the villages on its peripheries in the face of persistent military threats from neighbors to the north.
	www.bu.edu /jfa/Abstracts/U/UsmanA_27_1.html (195 words)

	Easily Distracted » Blog Archive » Rome vs. Oyo
		In all these cases, historians often yelp in agony over the inaccuracies involved in popular or common evaluative claims, but mostly concede the legitimacy of evaluative claims, that it is ok to have opinions about the moral, ethical, personal desirability and attractiveness (or lack thereof) of those societies and political systems.
		Returning to your implied comparison between Rome and Oyo as fodder for tv series, I doubt that a Rome-like Oyo series would be nearly as successful in North America and Europe where Rome is distributed.
		Oyo enjoys less cultural resonance necessitating much more backstory to support anything more than a crude caricature for the series.
	weblogs.swarthmore.edu /burke/?p=134 (2449 words)

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