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Topic: PBDE

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

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	NRDC: Healthy Milk, Healthy Baby - PBDEs
		PBDEs are most commonly produced and used in three different classes of the 209 possible PBDE molecules, or "congeners." Each class has a different number and formation of the individual congeners.
		PBDEs are structurally similar to thyroid hormones and may block the transport of thyroid hormones throughout the body.
		Rodents exposed to PBDEs, when compared to unexposed rodents, were found to become hyperactive, show decreased control of their muscles and have slower or abnormal responses to stressful or sudden changes in situation.
	www.nrdc.org /breastmilk/pbde.asp (3302 words)

	It's Your Health - PBDE Flame Retardants and Human Health
		PBDEs have been found both in the environment and in humans, including in human breast milk in Canada, the United States and Europe.
		PBDEs are found at low levels throughout the environment - in air, water, soil, sediments, indoor dust and food.
		Although data on levels of PBDEs in the environment are somewhat limited, available information shows that the main sources of PBDE exposure for humans are likely to be indoor air, indoor dust and food, including human milk.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /iyh-vsv/environ/pbde_e.html (963 words)

	CNN.com - Do flame-retardants save lives or endanger children? - May. 5, 2003
		PBDEs have been used in flame-retardants since the 1960s and are found in common household items such as television sets.
		PBDE, a popular flame-retardant chemical, could be the PCB of the future, according to EPA scientists Tom McDonald and Kim Hooper.
		PBDEs are also found in the upholstery used in homes, businesses and vehicles from cars to airplanes, and in rugs and draperies.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/science/05/05/hln.hot.earth.pbde/index.html (561 words)

	What Fate for Brominated Fire Retardants? Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) Rebecca Renner / Environmental Science ...
		The estimated annual global consumption of PBDEs in 1992 was 40,000 metric tons and consisted of 30,000 metric tons of decabromodiphenyl ether, 6000 metric tons of octabromodiphenyl ether, and 4000 metric tons of pentabromodiphenyl ether (2).
		Sources and trends Although PBDE levels in mothers' milk appear to be increasing, the trend of levels in the environment is unclear, according to Steven Dungey, at UK's Environment Agency.
		Although the specific PBDEs of concern have not yet been found in nature, a natural source is possible, according to Hardy, because only a small number of the world's diverse organisms have been examined for their chemical content.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/PBDE-Polybrominated-Diphenyl-Ether.htm (2905 words)

	DHS Environmental Toxicology PBDE
		PBDE's (Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers) are man-made chemicals that are often added to foam padding, plastics or fabrics so they won't catch on fire or burn as easily if they are exposed to flame or high heat.
		PBDE's are stored in the fat tissue of animals and, therefore, foods high in animal fat may have higher concentrations.
		PBDE's find their way into our bodies and are stored for a long time in body fat or other tissues.
	www.oregon.gov /DHS/ph/envtox/pbde.shtml (1682 words)

	[No title]
		PBDEs are of significant environmental concern because they are toxic, bioaccumulative, and persistent, and levels in humans and wildlife are increasing exponentially.
		PBDE levels measured in the Lake Michigan water column in 1997-1999 ranged from 0.031-0.158 nanograms per liter (ng/l) compared to 0.006 ng/l in Lake Ontario (Hale et al., 2003).
		PBDEs should be defined as the commercial products (i.e., Penta-, Octa-, and Deca-BDEs) based on their use and by specific congeners or congener/homolog groups based on levels in the environment and potential risk to public health, safety, welfare, and the environment and natural resources.
	www.michigan.gov /documents/PBDE_-_Final1-7_102294_7.doc (10658 words)

	Toxic flame retardants overtaking past chemical threats in Northwest mothers — Sightline Institute (formerly ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		PBDEs, which are structurally similar to PCBs, are accumulating rapidly in humans and the environment and may present similar health threats to those of PCBs, which have been linked to developmental delays and cancer.
		The PBDE data from the study was originally released by Sightline Institute in 2004, but the PCB data and the comparison between the chemicals are new.
		PBDEs are structurally similar to PCBs and while no studies have been done on humans, laboratory studies have shown that PBDEs can impair memory and learning, alter behavior, delay sexual development, and disturb thyroid hormone levels.
	www.sightline.org /press/releases/rel_pbdes__pcbs_aug_05 (1189 words)

	Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		PBDEs have varying degrees of bromination, and for convenience, the congeners are numbered from 1 to 209 using the same IUPAC scheme used for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
		Despite their societal benefits, PBDEs seem to be migrating from the products in which they are used and entering the environment and people.
		PBDEs are now ubiquitous; they can be found in air, water, fish, birds, marine mammals, and people, and in many cases, the concentrations of these compounds are increasing over time.
	www.indiana.edu /~hiteslab/pbdes/pbde.html (499 words)

	PBDE - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PBDE, or polybrominated diphenyl ether is a flame-retardant sub-family of the brominated flame-retardant group.
		Lower brominated PBDEs have 1-5 bromine atom and are regarded as the most dangerous ones, because of the smaller molecules which can be absorbed by living organisms.
		In Canada there is no set limit for what upper amount of PBDEs in the human body is still considered to be safe, but there remains concern in the general public that the PBDEs are having harmful effects on human health and the environment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PBDE (819 words)

	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)
		PBDEs are a group of synthetic organic chemicals with no known natural sources in the environment, except for a few marine organisms that produce forms of PBDEs that contain higher levels of oxygen.
		PBDEs are still produced and widely used in the United States, although the sole manufacturer of penta- and octaPBDE commercial products in the United States is expected to quit making these chemicals by the end of 2004.
		In the United States, the concentration of PBDEs (primarily the tetra- and penta-brominated congeners of PBDEs) in outdoor air ranges from 2 to 77 trillionths of a gram per cubic meter (or 2-77x10 12 grams/m3), which indicates low levels of exposure of the general population to these PBDEs.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs68-pbde.html (3464 words)

	Some Want Ban of PBDE Chemical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Producers of PBDE say there is no evidence that it will ever reach harmful levels, while its benefits as a flame retardant are well-known.
		Adding PBDE to foam furniture padding, television casings and other plastics reduces by 45 percent the risk of death and injury due to fire, the chemical manufacturers say.
		PBDE has even been found in the blubber of sperm whales in the Arctic Ocean.
	www.vaccinationnews.com /DailyNews/January2002/SomeWantPBDEBan.htm (1238 words)

	A smoldering issue -- Wisconsin Natural Resources magazine -- February 2003
		PBDEs are a family of chemicals used as fire retardants in the plastic components of electronic circuit boards, carpeting, draperies, plastic TV housings, other electrical appliances, and the fabrics in auto and airplane interiors.
		PBDE use and disposal are not currently regulated in the United States.
		PBDEs have spread throughout the environment and food chains (including fat layers of seals near San Francisco, beluga whale blubber in Canada, guillemot eggs in Sweden, and human milk, fat and blood serum in Germany, Sweden, United States, and Canada).
	www.wnrmag.com /stories/2003/feb03/pbde.htm (1856 words)

	New PCBs?: Science News Online, Oct. 25, 2003
		The researchers stunned the audience with data showing that PBDEs were present in samples of women's breast milk stored over the past quarter century and that the more recent the sample, the higher the concentration of the chemicals (SN: 10/13/01, p.
		Especially troubling were reports indicating that relatively low-dose exposures to PBDEs in the womb or shortly after birth could irreparably damage an animal's reproductive and nervous systems.
		Several months ago, her group obtained a draft version, but she notes that the report "still leaves a lot of questions unanswered." However, even if Eriksson's data hold up, the exposure a mother mouse needed to deliver PBDE concentrations in milk that are equivalent to what the pups received is "astronomically huge," she says.
	www.sciencenews.org /20031025/bob10.asp (2553 words)

	EWG Report \|\| Toxic Fire Retardants (PBDEs) in Human Breast Milk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		PBDE levels as high as 590 ppb have been measured in the breast milk of Canadian women, though average levels in a recent study were about 40 ppb — still a fraction of those we detected in U.S. women.
		Not only were PBDE levels rising more quickly in Vancouver than in Sweden, doubling in 2.6 years as opposed to five years, but also average PBDE levels were at least 10 times higher in Canadian women than their Swedish counterparts.
		PBDE levels are highly similar when measured in a woman's blood serum or in her breast milk or in her infant's umbilical cord blood.
	www.ewg.org /reports/mothersmilk/part2.php (1955 words)

	PBDEs in Lake Michigan Salmon / News / Wisconsin Sea Grant
		PBDEs and other brominated compounds are among the most effective and economical flame retardants available, especially for plastics.
		PBDEs are widely used as flame retardants in plastics for electronic circuit boards and housings for personal computers and television sets.
		PBDEs are also used as flame retardants in clothing and other textiles, home appliances and business machines, upholstered furniture, carpets and wall coverings, and automobiles.
	www.seagrant.wisc.edu /communications/news_releases/2001/PBDE.html (1347 words)

	Our Stolen Future: Low level PBDE exposure alters fertility and neurobehavior
		But given the established impact of PBDEs on thyroid function, an effect at some level of exposure should be expected.
		Assuming that fat content in rats is circa de 14% total body weight, the doses used in this study are approximately 6 and 29 times, respectively, higher than the highest level reported by She et al.
		The current PBDE concentrations in people from Europe are ~2 ng/g lipid, but the concentrations in people from the United States are much higher at~35 ng/g lipid.
	www.ourstolenfuture.org /NewScience/oncompounds/PBDE/2004/2004-1104kuriyamaetal.htm (961 words)

	MDCH - PBDE Testing
		PBDEs, or polybrominated diphenyl ethers, are a class of halogenated flame retardants that have been widely used since the late 1970s.
		PBDEs were introduced after the closely related polybrominated biphenyl flame retardants (PBBs) were banned in the mid-1970s following a 1973 incident in Michigan in which FlameMaster FF-1 was accidentally mixed with animal feed.
		PBDE congeners of environmental health significance can be separated and detected down to low parts-per-billion levels in human serum utilizing capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (C-GC-ECD).
	michigan.gov /mdch/0,1607,7-132-2945_5103_5277-151128--,00.html (243 words)

	International Plastics Task Force
		Despite the fact that human PBDE concentrations are significantly lower than those of PCBs or DDT in mothers' milk, over the past 25 years, PBDE levels in breast milk have climbed to around 4 µg/kg of lipid content (1) (see Figure 2, (9)).
		Sources and trends Although PBDE levels in mothers' milk appear to be increasing, the trend of levels in the environment is unclear, according to Steven Dungey, at UK's Environment Agency.
		Although the specific PBDEs of concern have not yet been found in nature, a natural source is possible, according to Hardy, because only a small number of the world's diverse organisms have been examined for their chemical content.
	www.ecologycenter.org /iptf/plastic_types/pbdewhatfate.html (2898 words)

	ES&T Online News: High PBDE levels in U.S. mothers’ milk
		Measurements of up to 13 different PBDE congeners on 47 individuals, few of whom were occupationally exposed, yielded concentrations that varied from 6.2 to 419 parts-per-billion (ppb) lipid.
		According to the authors, the apparently different behavior of PBDEs may be due to their relatively short history of intensive usage.
		PBDEs are widely used in various consumer products and can be found in food, household dust, and sewage sludge.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2003/sep/science/rr_milk.html (352 words)

	Program Information - WA State Dept. of Health
		Because of the rapidly rising levels of PBDEs in the environment, their similarity to other toxic chemicals, and the data from animal studies, people may want to take action to limit their exposure.
		PBDEs are found throughout the environment, but the exact ways that they get into our bodies are not known.
		The final PBDE Chemical Action Plan is due to the Governor by December 1, 2004.
	www.doh.wa.gov /ehp/oehas/pbde/pbdeavoidexposure.htm (612 words)

	Washington State Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Chemical Action Plan: Final Plan
		It is the second CAP done as part of the Department of Ecology (Ecology)’s Proposed Strategy to Continually Reduce Persistent, Bioaccumulative Toxins (PBTs) in Washington State (issued December, 2000).
		In January 2004, Governor Locke directed Ecology, in consultation with the Department of Health (DOH), to investigate and recommend options to reduce the threat of PBDEs in the environment.
		The final result is this PBDE CAP, which has been developed through a multi-program, multi-agency effort, with external stakeholders involved at each step.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /biblio/0507048.html (283 words)

	BuildingGreen.com - Press Release: PBDE Phaseout
		Of most immediate concern are PBDEs, or polybrominated diphenyl ethers, a class of halogenated flame retardants that have been widely used since the late 1970s.
		Most brominated flame retardants today go into the hard plastic used in television and computer cases and other electronic equipment, but significant quantities are also used in polystyrene insulation, commercial drapery backings, polyester fabrics, wiring, and the soft polyurethane foam found in mattresses, upholstered furniture, and carpet padding.
		Subsequent studies found PBDE levels in American women to be up to ten times higher than in Sweden and doubling every five years.
	www.buildinggreen.com /press/pbde.cfm (823 words)

	Flame Retardant Exposure Linked to House Dust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		PBDEs have been widely used in consumer products for years because they are effective flame retardants, greatly increasing the fire safety of products ranging from carpeting and cushions to televisions, computers and coffee makers.
		Toxicological data on PBDEs is still limited, but the compounds have been implicated in developmental, reproductive, neurotoxicity and thyroid effects in rats, mice and fish, and may be carcinogenic.
		Interestingly, there was little correlation between PBDE levels and the age of the dwelling or the number of foam cushions or appliances, but smaller dwellings tended towards higher concentrations of the PBDEs commonly used in high-impact polystyrene for TV and computer casings.
	www.nist.gov /public_affairs/releases/PBDE_dust.htm (421 words)

	CAS :: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE)
		PBDEs are used in a variety of consumer products such as electrical appliances, building materials, and textiles in order to retard their combustion.
		Recently they have gained increased attention as "Emergent Chemicals" because of their persistance in the environment, potential for bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity.
		To acheive the lowest possible detection limits and to minimize potential interferences, silica gel and acid cleanup techniques are routinely employed.
	www.caslab.com /pbde.php (221 words)

	Realty Times - Real Estate News and Advice
		Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether, or PBDE, is one of those chemicals that you may have never heard of until reading this column.
		According to published reports, PBDE is already accumulating in the breast milk of nursing mothers.
		And scientists suggest that the chemical may make us ill. It's another one of those cases where the stuff is on the market, we are being exposed to it, and scientists are now being forced to question whether this chemical will hurt us.
	realtytimes.com /rtcpages/20040108_pbde.htm (674 words)

	Protecting Our Health: Exponential increases in brominated flame retardants
		The pace of PBDE increase is of great concern because PBDEs are classic persistent, bioaccumulative compounds as well as potent thyroid disruptors, in principle capable of interfering with brain development and other processes mediated by thyroid hormone.
		PBDEs are poised to become the "next PCB," a persistent organic pollutant for the 21st century.
		The research effort on PBDEs fate and impact in the environment should be moved forward urgently, with particular attention paid to the behavioral and cognitive impacts of these compounds, both in wildlife and humans.
	www.protectingourhealth.org /newscience/oncompounds/PBDE/2002/2002-0404ikonomouetal.htm (775 words)

	Learning Hazards: Toxic Fire Retardants And How To Avoid Them In Consumer Products And Food - The Executive Summary
		PBDEs, widely used in polyurethane furniture foam and plastic TV and computer monitors, have been found to be collecting in the bodies and breast milk of human beings over the past 30 years.
		Current total PBDE levels in the blood of U.S. residents are the highest reported worldwide to date, ranging from 40 to 70 times higher than levels found in residents of Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands, where two types of PBDEs have been phased out since the mid-1990s.
		PBDEs are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that rapidly and widely disperse and persist in the environment.
	www.thegreenguide.com /doc.mhtml?i=108&s=pbdesum (1735 words)

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