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Topic: PH (complexity)

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Polynomial hierarchy

Computational complexity theory

	PH (complexity) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In computational complexity theory, the complexity class PH is the union of all complexity classes in the polynomial hierarchy:
		PH has a simple logical characterization: it is the set of languages expressible by second order logic.
		PH contains almost all well-known complexity classes inside PSPACE; in particular, it contains P, NP, and co-NP.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PH_(complexity) (161 words)

	OMEGA ENGINEERING - pH Control
		Systems for pH control are characterized by extreme rangeability and sensitivity, and are also subject to difficulties arising from contact between measuring electrodes and hostile fluids.
		It was called in because the pH was swinging from 0 to 14 despite efforts to tune the controllers, manually manipulate the reagent, and regulate the influent flow.
		We made precise measurements of the pH in the tank and found that the square waves were worse than the plant thought - the process instruments recorded only the high end of the pH scale, but the fluctuations actually covered almost the whole range from 0 to 14.
	www.omega.com /techref/phtour.html (4516 words)

	Brad Cox, Ph.D.
		A complex system is any system composed of numerous parts, or agents, each of which must act individually according to its own circumstances and requirements, but which by so acting has global effects which simultaneously change the circumstances and requirements affecting all the other agents.
		Complexity further suggests the radical idea that the object of command and control is not to achieve control but to keep the entire organization surfing on the edge of being "out of control" because that is where the system is most adaptive, creative, flexible and energized.
		Complexity suggests that, just as evolution does not have a predetermined destination, military plans should not prescribe detailed end-state conditions which are instead always changing in response to developments.
	www.virtualschool.edu /mon/Bionomics/MilitaryImplications.html (4990 words)

	Complexity Zoo References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The complexity of theorem-proving procedures, Proceedings of ACM STOC'71, pp.
		On the parameteric complexity of relational database queries and a sharper characterization of W[1], Combinatorics, Complexity, and Logic, Proceedings of DMTCS'96, Springer-Verlag, pp.
		Hilbert's Nullstellensatz is in the polynomial hierarchy, Journal of Complexity 12(4):273-286, 1996, DIMACS TR 96-27.
	www.complexityzoo.com /zooref.html (5760 words)

	Ph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PH or ph or pH or Ph may be:
		ph or phot, a measurement of illuminance (photometry)
		‹ph›, a digraph (two graphemes, p and h) that represents the phoneme /f/ (phonetics)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ph (138 words)

	Computational complexity theory Article, Computationalcomplexitytheory Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Complexity theory is part of the theoryof computation dealing with the resources required during computation to solve a given problem.
		The time complexity of a problem is the number of steps that it takes to solve an instance of the problem, asa function of the size of the input, (usually measured in bits) using themost efficient algorithm.
		The complexity class P is the set ofdecision problems that can be solved by a deterministic machine in polynomial time.
	www.anoca.org /problem/problems/computational_complexity_theory.html (909 words)

	PlanetMath: polynomial hierarchy
		The polynomial hierarchy is a hierarchy of complexity classes generalizing the relationship between
		The polynomial hierarchy is closely related to the arithmetical hierarchy; indeed, an alternate definition is almost identical to the definition of the arithmetical hierarchy but stricter rules on what quantifiers can be used.
		Cross-references: quantifiers, arithmetical hierarchy, complexity class, between, complexity classes
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/PH.html (97 words)

	THE SIMPLE AND THE COMPLEX Part II: THE SCIENCE OF COMPLEXITY with MURRAY GELL-MANN, Ph.D.
		A complex adaptive system receives a stream of data, and it picks out regularities in that data stream, perceived regularities, compresses their description into a very brief message of some kind which I call a schema, and then it uses that schema for description or prediction, or for prescription of behavior for itself.
		So to have a complex adaptive system around, watching what happens, observing that this happened and not that, is still interesting; but it doesn't play the central role that it played in the standard Copenhagen interpretation.
		But complex adaptive systems then evolve to exploit such a quasi-classical world, and they need the regularity that comes from the quasi-classicality in order to find regularities -- in order to behave like complex adaptive systems, in order to find patterns, they need the regularity associated with the quasi-classical domain, as we call it.
	www.intuition.org /txt/gell2.htm (3275 words)

	Intelligent Design? A Special Report from Natural History Magazine
		Complex, sequenced patterns exhibit intelligence in their design.
		Note that complexity in the sense of improbability is not sufficient to eliminate chance: flip a coin long enough, and you'll witness a highly complex or improbable event.
		In the evolutionary process, an increase in biological complexity does not represent a "free lunch" -- it is bought and paid for, because random genetic variation is subjected to natural selection by the environment, which itself is already structured.
	www.actionbioscience.org /evolution/nhmag.html (6274 words)

	The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		GFP-like proteins are also very useful for basic studies in evolution of diversity and complexity in protein families.
		Note that the complex red color evolved from the simple green ancestor in a gradual fashion.
		The origin of biological complexity is one of the most fundamental problems of evolutionary biology.
	www.whitney.ufl.edu /research_programs/matz.htm (1205 words)

	Care Complexity in the General Hospital: Results From a European Study -- de Jonge et al. 42 (3): 204 -- Psychosomatics
		complexity of the care that the patient received.
		complexity ratings were made by the doctor and two by the nurse
		complexity factors can be illustrated by two types of patients.
	psy.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/42/3/204 (3908 words)

	Cogprints - Emerging Consciousness as a Result of Complex-Dynamical Interaction Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The ensuing concept of dynamic complexity (and related intrinsic chaoticity) is absolutely universal and can be applied to the problem of consciousness that emerges now as a high enough, properly specified level of unreduced complexity of a suitable interaction process.
		This complexity level can be identified with the appearance of bound, permanently localised states in the multivalued brain dynamics from strongly chaotic states of unconscious intelligence, by analogy with classical behaviour emergence from quantum states at much lower levels of world dynamics.
		We show that the main properties of this dynamically emerging consciousness (and intelligence, at the preceding complexity level) correspond to empirically derived properties of natural versions and obtain causally substantiated conclusions about their artificial realisation, including the fundamentally justified paradigm of genuine machine consciousness.
	cogprints.org /3857 (1614 words)

	Mission Statement and Goals - Center for Social Complexity - George Mason University
		CSS courses are intended for students who are interested in taking individual CSS courses or students seeking a concentration in CSS, as well as those pursuing a graduate degree in CSS.
		Examples of complex social dynamics include the evolution of civilization and technology, warfare and terrorism, economic market dynamics, human organizations, intelligence and early warning, and emergence of language and symbol systems.
		The certificate in Computational Social Science, offered by the Center for Social Complexity, is a 15-credit program for students wishing to receive training in computer simulation and related computational methods for analyzing social systems and processes.
	socialcomplexity.gmu.edu /phd.php (2658 words)

	Kolmogorov Complexity and Solomonoff Induction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Kolmogorov Complexity mailing list is a moderated mailing list intended for people in Computer Sciences, Statistics, Mathematics, and other areas or disciplines with interests in Kolmogorov Complexity and Solomonoff Induction.
		A gentle tour of Kolmogorov complexity and its applications, presented by Chris Hillman at UIUC, April 1999, in PostScript.
		Complexity measures for complex systems and complex objects, by Pablo Funes.
	www.hutter1.de /kolmo.htm (1120 words)

	Citebase - Universal gravitation as a complex-dynamical process, renormalised Planckian units, and the spectrum of ...
		This conclusion is supported by the causally complete (physically and mathematically consistent) picture of the fundamental levels of reality derived, without artificial introduction of any structure or 'principle', from the unreduced analysis of the (generic) interaction process between two primal, physically real, but a priori structureless entities, the electromagnetic and gravitational protofields.
		A physically real wave associated with any moving particle and travelling in a surrounding material medium was introduced by Louis de Broglie in a series of short notes in 1923 and in a more complete form in his thesis defended in Paris on the 25th November 1924.
		The qualitatively new concept of dynamic complexity in quantum mechanics is based on a new paradigm appearing within a nonperturbational analysis of the Schroedinger equation for a generic Hamiltonian system.
	www.citebase.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/9906077 (1891 words)

	Computer Science and Applied Mathematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The second theme is the use of mathematical techniques to elucidate phenomena of interest in the natural sciences, such as biology, medicine, and physics.
		Complexity theory: Classifying computational problems by the amount of computation, the number of processing steps and the memory required for their solution.
		One recent focus is on the complexity of approximation, that is, investigating whether efficient approximation algorithms exist for problems that are inherently complex.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /acadsec/Scientific_Activities/2000/math-applied.html (1136 words)

	COMPRI--An Instrument to Detect Patients With Complex Care Needs: Results From a European Study -- Huyse et al. 42 (3): ...
		reflecting the complexity of the care the patient received.
		complexity was the sum score of six items, three scored by the
		Fischer CJ, Stiefel FC, de Jonge P, et al: Case complexity and clinical outcome in diabetes mellitus: a prospective study using the INTERMED.
	psy.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/42/3/222 (2781 words)

	[No title]
		With a complex model we hope to be able to demonstrate the variety of outcomes which might occur as the result of various policy decisions.
		Chaos theory and complex systems seem to be an approach to study the kind of complex processes that lead to building and the use of buildings.
		Forthcoming: Policy Systems, Complexity and Emergence: A Modeling Paradigm for Policy Analysis in Post-Reductionist World (paper being prepared for submission to the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics with Steven Bankes whose interests include modeling methodologies for modeling unvalidateable and non- optimal solution systems through exploratory modeling or computer experimentation).
	hakatai.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu /smc/ml/chaosresearchers.html (8687 words)

	Research papers of Andris Ambainis
		Ambainis, J. Smotrovs, "Enumerable classes of total recursive functions: complexity of inductive inference".
		Ambainis, "Application of Kolmogorov complexity to inductive inference with limited memory".
		"The complexity of probabilistic versus deterministic finite automata".
	www.math.uwaterloo.ca /~ambainis/papers.html (946 words)

	Citebase - Limits on Efficient Computation in the Physical World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In this thesis I show that, while some intuitions from classical computer science must be jettisoned in the light of modern physics, many others emerge nearly unscathed; and I use powerful tools from computational complexity theory to help determine which are which.
		Quantum computational complexity in the presence of closed timelike curves.
		The complexity of the realization of Boolean functions by networks of functional elements and by formulas in bases whose elements realize continuous functions.
	www.citebase.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0412143 (1525 words)

	Quality Regulations - Final[5] CLIA Rule. Perplexity about Personnel and Complexity, by Sharon S. Ehrmeyer, Ph.D.
		The Final Rule did away with the use of the terms high complexity and moderate complexity and established one set of "quality assessment" standards for non-waived tests.
		For moderate complexity testing, personnel qualifications range from doctors of medicine, osteopathy or podiatry to an individual with a high school diploma or equivalent and specific, appropriate training/experience that includes having documented training prior to analyzing patient specimens.
		On or before 9/1/92, served as a general supervisor of high complexity testing, and have high school diploma or the equivalent; and have at least 10 years of laboratory training or experience, or both, in high complexity testing, including at least 6 years of supervisory experience between 9/1/82 and 9/1/92.
	www.westgard.com /cliafinalrule2.htm (2026 words)

	Computational Complexity: A Part-Time Ph.D.? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Computational complexity and other fun stuff in math and computer science as viewed by Lance Fortnow.
		I am always happy to hear your ideas, comments and questions about computational complexity and this weblog.
		This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
	weblog.fortnow.com /2004/05/part-time-phd.html (505 words)

	Ronald de Wolf
		See and hear me give a talk about quantum communication complexity or about locally decodable codes at MSRI, Berkeley (requires RealPlayer).
		Improved Quantum Communication Complexity Bounds for Disjointness and Equality.
		Complexity Measures and Decision Tree Complexity: A Survey.
	homepages.cwi.nl /~rdewolf (1114 words)

	Complexity Zoo - Qwiki
		Roughly, the analogue of #P for parameterized complexity.
		In descriptive complexity, uniform AC can be characterized as the class of problems expressible by first-order predicates with addition and multiplication operators - or indeed, with ordering and multiplication, or ordering and division (see [Lee02]).
		Similar to TreeBQP except that the quantum computer's state at each time step is restricted to being exponentially close to a state in AmpP (that is, a state for which the amplitudes are computable by a classical polynomial-size circuit).
	qwiki.caltech.edu /wiki/Complexity_Zoo (6361 words)

	Publications
		Kwas, Complexity of multivariate Feynman-Kac Path Integration in Randomized and Quantum Settings, 2004, LANL preprint quant-ph/0410134.
		Papageorgiou, J. Traub, Qubit Complexity of Continuous Problems, 2005, LANL preprint quant-ph/0512082.
		A. Nayak and F. Wu, The quantum query complexity of approximating the median and related statistics, STOC, May 1999, 384-393.
	quantum.cs.columbia.edu /html/publications.html (1123 words)

	Westgard QC, Guest Essay: QC - The Regulations, by Sharon S. Ehrmeyer, Ph.D.
		In the April 24, 1995 Federal Register, the category was renamed to "Provider-Performed Microscopy." This category is a subset of moderate complexity and is exclusively for physicians, dentists, nurse practitioners and midwives, and physician assistants performing the testing as part of a patient examination.
		Section §493.1201 (general QC: moderate or high complexity testing, or both) states: The laboratory must establish and follow written QC procedures for monitoring and evaluating the quality of the analytical testing process of each method to assure the accuracy and reliability of patient test results and reports.
		Concerning statistical QC, for most moderate complexity tests, the general requirement is to analyze two levels of QC materials on each day of testing.
	www.westgard.com /guest8.htm (2958 words)

	IA Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The main focus is on computational issues (such as decidability and complexity) in equational reasoning.
		The methodology is to devise network architectures which can be trained on examples from the problem domain in order to produce a network which solves the problem in general.
		These may be of arbitrary length and complexity, limited only by the ability of the reduced representations to encode information.
	www.albany.edu /cifa/publications.html (10832 words)

	Complex Biosystems Modeling Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The “Boston Chaos Club” is an interdisciplinary seminar series about nonlinear dynamics and complex systems in biomedicine.
		Complexity and Genomics: An Integrative Approach to Mammalian Cell Fate Regulation
		The information contained herein is intended solely for research purposes and must not be used for any clinical recommendations.
	biosystems.mit.edu /seminars.htm (324 words)

	Peter M. Bearse, Ph.D.
		Presenter, The role of the genetic algorithm in multivariate modeling using information complexity, International Meeting of the Psychometric Society, Osaka, Japan, July 2001.
		Presenter, Information complexity criteria for detecting influential observations in dynamic multivariate linear models using the genetic algorithm (with H. Bozdogan), 1999 Joint Statistical Meetings, American Statistical Association (ASA), Baltimore, MD, August 8-12, 1999.
		Presenter, Information complexity criteria for detecting influential observations in dynamic multivariate linear models using the genetic algorithm (with H. Bozdogan), 1999 Meetings of the Classification Society of North America (CSNA), Pittsburgh, PA, June 10-13, 1999.
	www.uncg.edu /bae/people/bearse/cv.htm (2031 words)

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