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Topic: PH scale

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	pH Scale: Some Common Solutions - Chart - MSN Encarta
		The pH of a solution measures the hydrogen ion concentration in that solution.
		A small change in pH represents a large change in hydrogen ion concentration.
		For example, the hydrogen ion concentration of lemon juice (pH of 2.3) is 63 times greater than that of tomato juice (pH of 4.1), and 50,000 times greater than that of water (pH of 7.0).
	encarta.msn.com /media_461534810/pH_Scale_Some_Common_Solutions.html (71 words)

	pH scale- varioius pH scale available online.
		The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.
		For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than pH 6.
		For example, pH 10 is ten times more alkaline than pH 9 and 100 times (10 times 10) more alkaline than pH 8.
	ph-scale.info /pH-scale.htm (187 words)

	The Green Lane: Acid rain - Kids's corner: pH scale
		This is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is. The initials pH stand for "Potential of Hydrogen." Acids have pH values under 7, and alkalis have pH values over 7.
		Because the pH scale is logarithmic, a difference of one pH unit represents a tenfold, or ten times change.
		For example, the acidity of a sample with a pH of 5 is ten times greater than that of a sample with a pH of 6.
	www.ec.gc.ca /acidrain/kids.html (263 words)

	pH
		The pH of distilled water is 7, this is neutral.
		The pH scale was invented a long time ago and sometime it seems a little silly that the more acid it is the lower the pH is. Really it is quite easy.
		So to recap if the pH is low, it means that there is a high concentration of Hydrogen ions and if the pH is high it means that there is very low concentration of Hydrogen ions or none at all.
	www.purchon.com /chemistry/ph.htm (648 words)

	pH Scale
		The concentrations of hydrogen ions and indirectly hydroxide ions are given by a pH number.
		pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
		The pH scale, (0 - 14), is the full set of pH numbers which indicate the concentration of H
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/184ph.html (700 words)

	pH Balance Testing
		One of the most important processes in the human body is the balancing of pH levels.
		Please note, body pH is slightly lower than the pH of blood and the pH of fresh water bodies.
		An acidic pH has a low ability to attract hydrogen ions, while an alkaline solution has a high ability to attract hydrogen ions.
	www.janethull.com /ph-balance-testing (276 words)

	EPA > OWOW > Monitoring and Assessing Water Quality > Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A Methods Manual > ...
		pH is a term used to indicate the alkalinity or acidity of a substance as ranked on a scale from 1.0 to 14.0.
		Since the scale is logarithmic, a drop in the pH by 1.0 unit is equivalent to a 10-fold increase in acidity.
		A pH meter consists of a potentiometer, which measures electric current; a glass electrode, which senses the electric potential where it meets the water sample; a reference electrode, which provides a constant electric potential; and a temperature compensating device, which adjusts the readings according to the temperature of the sample (since pH varies with temperature).
	www.epa.gov /OWOW/monitoring/volunteer/stream/vms54.html (1228 words)

	Understand the ph scale
		Basically a pH scale measures the concentration of H+ and OH-.
		The pH of a solution is defined as a negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration and the pH scale measures this and places a value on it ranging from 0 to 14.
		The pH scale was developed because the concentration of the solution can vary by so many factors they found over time, and a pH scale was the easiest way to express the variation of the solution.
	wywy.essortment.com /understandphsc_rtgn.htm (517 words)

	GEsource - pH Scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pH scale of acidity measures the relative acidity or alkalinity of a substance, ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most alkaline).
		In chemical terms, the scale refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance, and each whole unit represents a factor of 10 i.e.
		The pH of a soil can directly impact on the type of plant which will best grow; a strongly acidic soil will not best utilise nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and will not sustain many plants.
	www.gesource.ac.uk /ph-scale.html (130 words)

	Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates for high pH scale control - Patent 5338477
		In addition to this, a common source of scale in boiler systems is the breakdown of calcium bicarbonate to form calcium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide under the influence of heat.
		Although the present invention is directed primarily to preventing or inhibiting the deposition of calcium carbonate scale, the most prevalent type of scale deposit, it is also applicable to inhibiting the deposition of other types of alkaline earth metal scales, especially where those are associated with calcium carbonate scale under the severe conditions described herein.
		In order to obtain high levels of control of scale deposits, especially under the severe conditions defined herein, it has been found that there are certain essential components of the structure of the polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates of the present invention which are necessary to provide that performance.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5338477.html (5800 words)

	pH_scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Anthocyanins are water-soluble and are dissolved in the cell sap rather than bound to the membranes as chlorophyll is. If cell sap in a leaf is quite acidic the anthocyanins impart a bright red color, but if it is less acidic the color may appear purple.
		If the pH is less than 7 the solution is acidic, if it is greater than 7 the solution is basic, and if it is 7 the solution is neutral.
		It should be noted that the pH measured with this technique is the pH of the final solution and does not take into account any dilution of the various substances tested.
	www.csun.edu /~vceed002/BFI/lessons/pH_scale/pH_scale.html (1756 words)

	THE pH SCALE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pH is a number that describes the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution.
		The range of the pH scale is from O to 14.
		A pH meter is a voltage-measuring device attached to a pair of electrodes.
	www.acidpro.com /ph_scale.htm (215 words)

	The pH scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pH scale expands the division between zero and 1 in a linear scale or a compact scale into a large scale for comparison purpose.
		According to the Oxford Dictionary, the pH scale was originally introduced by the Danish biochemist S.P.L. Sorensen in 1909 using the symbol p
		The reality is that many chemists have used the pH scale and the p scales for many other quantities that they often take it for granted, without realizing the logic behind their usages.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /~cchieh/cact/c123/ph.html (415 words)

	pH Scale Defined - What is pH?
		A measure of the degree of the acidity or the alkalinity of a solution as measured on a scale (pH scale) of 0 to 14.
		The midpoint of 7.0 on the pH scale represents neutrality, i.e., a "neutral" solution is neither acid nor alkaline.
		The pH scale is logarithmic which means that moving on (unit either way on the pH scale results in a 10 fold increase in the degree of alkalinity or acidity.
	www.parish-supply.com /phscale.htm (404 words)

	pH Level \| Malibu Water Resources
		I have watched pH, in soft waters, rise during the day, in water with moderate growth of aquatic plants.
		pH is measured on a scale from 0-14.
		The determination of the pH of a substance is the measurement of the H+ ions found in that particular substance.
	malibuwater.com /pH-Level.html (528 words)

	ph scale
		The pH scale measures the acidity or the alkalinity of a substance.
		Acid and basic are two extremes of chemicals, and a substance that is neither acidic or basic is neutral, the PH scale runs from acidic being 0 or basic being 14, and neutral being 7.
		Acids Bases and pH Scale I. Acids *Acids are ionic compounds (a compound with a positive or negative charge) that break apart in water to form a hydrogen ion (H +).
	www.scalesale.com /phscale (1145 words)

	Chem4Kids.com: Reactions: Acids and Bases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Scientists use something called the pH scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. The scale goes from 0 to 14.
		There are pH values higher than 14 and lower than 0, but let's just start with 0-14.
		That pH scale we talked about is actually a measure of the number of H+ ions in a solution.
	www.chem4kids.com /files/react_acidbase.html (468 words)

	Understanding Your Alkaline/Acid pH Balance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The higher the pH reading, the more alkaline and oxygen rich the fluid is. The lower the pH reading, the more acidic and oxygen deprived the fluid is. The pH range is from 0 to 14, with 7.0 being neutral.
		The ideal pH balance for a healthy body is slightly more alkaline than acid measuring 7.4 on the pH scale.
		A simple 3-step pH Paper Test (FREE with any purchase) can show your pH level within minutes and you will know whether you are acidic or alkaline.
	www.coralcomplete.com /ph.htm (368 words)

	Soil pH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		pH is a measure of how acidic or basic things are and is measured using a pH scale between 0 to 14, with acidic things having a pH between 0-7 and basic things having a pH from 7 to 14.
		Pure water is neutral, or 7 on the pH scale.
		The pH of soil or more precisely the pH of the soil solution is very important because soil solution carries in it nutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), and Phosphorus (P) that plants need in specific amounts to grow, thrive, and fight off diseases.
	ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov /globe/soil_pH/plant_pH.htm (446 words)

	The pH Scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After studying this section, you will (a) know the definition of pH and be able to apply it, and (b) be able to calculate the pH of solutions of known hydrogen ion concentrations, and the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions of known pH.
		In the laboratory, the pH of solutions is measured with a pH meter, such as the one shown on the right.
		], of 10, corresponding to a pH = -1.
	www.physchem.co.za /Acids/pH%20Scale.htm (281 words)

	pH Scale Lab Script: Identification of Acids and Bases
		In general, for non aqueous solutions the pH scale is determined by the ion product constant of the corresponding solvent.
		Generate a pH scale whose pH increments best describe the conditions known as acidosis and alkalosis in respiratory therapist and similar allied health disciplines.
		Determine the pH of rainfall collected from urban and rural areas and areas of high traffic in your state or territory.
	www.miislita.com /science-scripts/ph-scale.html (890 words)

	Water on the Web \| Understanding \| Water Quality \| Parameters \| pH
		Ability of a solution to resist changes in ph when acids or bases are added; the buffering capacity of natural waters is mostly due to dissolved carbonate rocks in the basin; equivalent to acid neutralizing capacity (anc).
		Although these small changes in pH are not likely to have a direct impact on aquatic life, they greatly influence the availability and solubility of all chemical forms in the lake and may aggravate nutrient problems.
		Instead, pH should be reported as a median and range of values; alternatively the values could be converted to hydrogen ion concentrations, averaged, and re-converted to pH values.
	waterontheweb.org /under/waterquality/ph.html (1444 words)

	Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates for high pH scale control - Patent 5534157
		The mechanism of scale formation is apparently one of crystallization of scale-forming salts from solution, primarily from evaporation of the scrubber water upon contact with hot flue gas, increasing the concentration of scale forming salts in the remaining scrubber water collected in the sump tank.
		Because scale deposition is a function of concentration of the scaling salt in the solution of interest, another way to reduce scaling is to increase the dilution of that scaling salt.
		Preferably, the scale inhibitors of the present invention are split fed, with another feed stream 32 being fed to the scrubber sump tank 10 as illustrated.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5534157.html (8528 words)

	PH : PH Scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A lower pH number (for example pH 3) indicates increasing strength of acidity, and a higher pH number (for example pH 11) indicates increasing strength of alkalinity.
		Most substances have a pH in the range 0 to 14, although extremely acidic or basic substances may have pH < 0, or pH > 14.
		Electronic pH meters consist of an electrolytic cell[?] in which an electric current is created due to the hydrogen cations completing the circuit.
	www.explainthis.info /ph/ph-scale.html (730 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - pH scale & Acid Rain
		The pH scale is used to classify substances.
		A pH of 7 is directly in the middle and represents neutral.
		Logarithmically, a change from a pH of 6 to 5 is increasing acidity by 10 times, while a change from 6 to 4 represents acidity increasing 100 times greater.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/426.html (542 words)

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