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	PH - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though pH is generally expressed without units, it is not an arbitrary scale; the number arises from a definition based on the activity of hydrogen ions in the solution.
		The pH scale is a reverse logarithmic representation of relative hydrogen proton (H+) concentration.
		An indicator is used to measure the pH of a substance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PH (1393 words)

	OMEGA ENGINEERING - Intro to pH
		The term pH is derived from "p", the mathematical symbol of the negative logarithm, and "H", the chemical symbol of Hydrogen.
		The pH value of a substance is directly related to the ratio of the hydrogen ion [H+] and the hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentrations.
		The pH measuring electrode is a hydrogen ion sensitive glass bulb, with a millivolt output that varies with the changes in the relative hydrogen ion concentration inside and outside of the bulb.
	www.omega.com /techref/ph.html (1496 words)

	pH as a Measure of Acid and Base Properties
		The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity of the solution.
		The measurement of the pH of a sample can be done by measuring the cell potential of that sample in reference to a standard hydrogen electrode, as in the accepted procedure for measuring standard electrode potentials.
		The usual range of pH values encountered is between 0 and 14, with 0 being the value for concentrated hydrochloric acid (1 M HCl), 7 the value for pure water (neutral pH), and 14 being the value for concentrated sodium hydroxide (1 M NaOH).
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/chemical/ph.html (895 words)

	pH - Water Contaminates - Aquapure Filters
		A value of 7.0 is considered to be a neutral pH.
		The pH value of water will decrease as the content of CO increases, and will increase as the content of bicarbonate alkalinity increases.
		The ratio of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate alkalinity (within the range of 3.6 to 8.4) is an indication of the pH value of the water.
	www.aquapurefilters.com /contaminates/151/ph.html (263 words)

	Automated Aquarium Systems - Measuring pH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The term "pH" is derived from "p", the mathematical symbol of the negative logarithm, and "H", the chemical sysmbol of Hydrogen.
		The pH electrode is a hydrogen ion sensitive glass bulb, with a millivolt output that varies with the changes in the relative hydrogen ion concentration inside and outside of the bulb itself.
		The pH Pre-amplifier has a high input impedance that can accurately measure the minute electrode voltages and with its low output impedance drive the mV DC Input within the DP7000 Distribution Panel where the values are converted and then transfered over the RS485 serial I/O bus to the PC and displayed using the AMACS Software.
	www.automatedaquariums.com /tecph.htm (370 words)

	VIAS Encyclopedia: pH Value
		pH (potential (of) hydrogen) is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H
		M. A lower pH number (for example pH 3) indicates increasing strength of acidity, and a higher pH number (for example pH 11) indicates increasing strength of alkalinity.
		Electronic pH meters consist of an electrolytic cell in which an electric current is created due to the hydrogen cations completing the circuit.
	www.vias.org /encyclopedia/ph_value.html (273 words)

	Simply Hydroponics - pH
		pH is measured on a scale of 1-14 with 7 being "neutral".
		The pH scale is logarithmic, which means that each unit of change equals a ten fold change in the hydrogen/hydroxyl ion concentration.
		This means that when you are adjusting the pH of your nutrient solution and you need to move it 2 points (example: 7.5 to 5.5) you would have to use 10 times more adjuster than if you were moving the pH value just 1 point (7.5 to 6.5).
	www.simplyhydro.com /ph.htm (1286 words)

	KODAK: H-24 Module 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Prepare as in pH 7 Equimolar Phosphate Reference Buffer, using 3.5 g of reagent grade disodium hydrogen phosphate and 3.4 g of reagent grade potassium dihydrogen phosphate per litre of buffer (drying of the salts is not necessary).
		The practice of using the pH values printed on the container of calibrating buffer (e.g., 7.00 and 10.00), in place of those values obtained by referencing against NIST buffers, should be avoided as it contributes a significant source of variability to the measurement.
		Dilute 110 mL of the NIST phosphate buffer (pH 7) to 1 L with distilled water, and measure the pH of the diluted buffer.
	www.kodak.com /country/US/en/motion/support/processing/h243/h2403ulm191-2.shtml (7219 words)

	Aquarium pH
		pH is commonly referred to as a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (although a more scientific description would be that pH is a measure of the concentration of Hydrogen atoms, H+).
		The pH range of interest to the tropical fishkeeper is between pH 5 and pH 9, with the vast majority of fish requiring a pH between pH 6 and 8.
		Apart from the effect of pH itself, there are important effects on the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite with changing pH.
	www.thetropicaltank.co.uk /ph.htm (568 words)

	pH measurement, viscosity and density and other physical properties.
		Thus, pH, may be defined as negative logarithmic to base 10 of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration.
		All values of acidity and alkalinity with respect to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions can be expressed by a series of positive numbers between 0 and 14.
		Therefore, pH scale can range from 0 to 14 in which the pH value lies between 0 to 7 for acidic solutions and between 7 to 14 for alkaline solutions.
	ph-scale.info (420 words)

	Changing the pH of your Soil
		The soil pH value is a measure of soil acidity or alkalinity.
		The pH value of soil is one of a number of environmental conditions that affects the quality of plant growth.
		The pH value of a soil is influenced by the kinds of parent materials from which the soil was formed.
	hgic.clemson.edu /factsheets/HGIC1650.htm (1337 words)

	..::Zeolite: Zeo pH Plus ::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In order to survive in water the cell has to degenerate its pH value (potential hydrogen, a scale for the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution) down to the level of water, which has a pH value of exactly 7.4.
		Zeo pH Plus brings all cells equally to a pH value of 7.4 and doesn't differentiate between healthy cells and sick cells.
		Zeo pH Plus, whose basic substance is natural micronized zeolite has a very favorable effect on human health which has already been proven in the world and many articles have been published in medical journals.
	www.naturalhealinghouse.com /zeo_ph_plus.htm (1035 words)

	Toward Understanding pH - p(otential of) H(ydrogen)
		For example, a pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5 and a hundred times (10 X 10) more acidic than a pH of 6.
		This color change is not at a fixed pH, but rather, it occurs gradually over a range of pH values.
		pH is determined by immersing the strip in the liquid to be tested and comparing its color with a standard color chart provided with the pH paper.
	www.sciencecompany.com /lab/ph.htm (542 words)

	What is pH?
		Increasing pH and/or alkalinity trends in a pond are normally caused by lime leaching out of concrete and to a lesser degree by concentration due to evaporation and decomposing organic matter.
		Decreasing pH and alkalinity tendencies are primarily due to bacterial action that release acidic compounds.
		pH values do change somewhat during each 24 hours, depending upon the temperature, quantity of plants (algae and others), and the size of the pond, so try to take the measurements at about the same time of day.
	www.vcnet.com /koi_net/ph.html (1929 words)

	FM River - pH
		The value for pH is expressed on a scale ranging from 0 to 14.
		The slightly basic pH and the stability of the pH result from the alkalinity of the regional environment.
		The pH of municipal water in the FM area is maintained at around 9.
	imap.prairiepublic.org /eerc/ph.asp (322 words)

	Measuring the pH Value of Meat
		Meat with a low pH value avoids the development of binding similar to that in boiled sausages which arises when shredding at near to 0ºC. Such binding has a negative influence on filling and dry processing.
		Ideal pH value of the ham is 5.8 to 6.3.
		Ideal pH value of the ham is 5.3 to 5.9.The tiresome problem of the glutinous-cutter is entirely solved by choosing hams according to their pH value.
	www.eutechinst.com /techtips/tech-tips35.htm (821 words)

	pH - The Global Water Sampling Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		pH is recorded with a number value only, there are no units associated with the pH value.
		If the water's pH level is less than 5.5 it is very acidic and is at a level where fish and other organisms may find it impossible to survive.
		A pH level greater than 8.6 is considered to be very alkaline and this is not good either.
	www.k12science.org /curriculum/waterproj/ph.shtml (326 words)

	Richard Renneboog, What Is pH?
		Rainfall, as pure water, should have a pH value very close to 7.0, which indicates a solution that is neither acidic nor basic.
		That is, whatever the concentration of H+ ions in the solution, the pH is just the negative value of the base 10 logarithm of that concentration.
		The pH would now be 6, and there would be ten times more H+ in the solution, and it is therefore ten times more acidic than water.
	www.sciencemaster.com /columns/renneboog/renneboog_pH.php (723 words)

	pH -an index of Hydrogen's chemical activity in a solution -The degree of Acidity of a Substance
		pH is a Log Scale Unit of Measure, and is used to express the degree of acidity of a substance.
		Values will range from pH 1 to pH 2 for strong acids, through pH 7 for neutral solutions such as ultra pure water, on up to values of pH 11 and higher for very strong bases like lye.
		The pH or acidity of a solution is important throughout all phases of chemistry and biochemistry.
	www.luminet.net /~wenonah/hydro/ph.htm (3089 words)

	Calculating pH and pOH
		Let's compare the parts of the pH value to the parts of the value in the scientific notation from which it was derived.
		In the pH value, the size or magnitude is shown in the number in front of the decimal point.
		Note that each pH value has one digit to the right of the decimal point because each concentration value had one significant digit.
	dl.clackamas.cc.or.us /ch105-05/calculat1.htm (526 words)

	Precipitation pH - Teacher
		Acid rain for a prolonged period or of high acidic value is detrimental to plant growth.
		The purpose of this activity is to introduce students to, and provide students with, the opportunity to collect precipitation and measure the pH value of the precipitation with reference to modification of ecological systems.
		Encourage the students to predict the pH value of rain, sleet, and snow.
	esci.unco.edu /water/wtrwise/7t.htm (565 words)

	pH
		Now that you know about reversible reactions and how solutions are described in terms of molarity, you will be able to understand the origin of the pH scale for describing acids and what the pH value says about an acidic or basic solution.
		As the pH of a solution decreases by one pH unit, the concentration of H
		As the pH of a solution increases by one pH unit, the concentration of OH increases by ten times.
	www.mpcfaculty.net /mark_bishop/pH_equilibrium.htm (1292 words)

	pH Scale
		The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.
		The same holds true for pH values above 7, each of which is ten times more alkaline (another way to say basic) than the next lower whole value.
		pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/184ph.html (700 words)

	PathFinder Science \| Stream Monitoring \| Creating the Context \| Default
		The pH measures a quantity that is related to the hydrogen ion concentration.
		For example, an acid having a pH of 4 is 100 times more powerful than an acid with a pH of 6.
		In the U.S., the pH of natural water is usually between 6.5 and 8.5.
	pathfinderscience.net /stream/cp4ph.cfm (632 words)

	Effects of pH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The most favorable pH value - the point where the enzyme is most active - is known as the optimum pH.
		pH is also a factor in the stability of enzymes.
		In addition to temperature and pH there are other factors, such as ionic strength, which can affect the enzymatic reaction.
	www.worthington-biochem.com /introBiochem/effectspH.html (121 words)

	pH
		A very basic solution is given a pH of 14 while a very acidic solution is given a pH of 1.
		Too low pH in the blood causes depression in the central nervous system and a too high pH causes a hyperactive state.
		The original pH indicators were probably salts extracted by boiling red cabbage and beets.
	water.me.vccs.edu /concepts/ph.htm (581 words)

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