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Topic: PIN diode

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Federal Standard 1037C

	PIN DIODE
		A PIN diode is a type of photodiode that finds use in applications that require high switching speeds.
		PIN diodes are classified as per application: RF switches, RF attenuator, RF modulators, RF phase shifters, wireless communication system, HF band industrial applications, and magnetic resonance.
		PIN diodes are used for switching of radio frequency signals (RF).
	www.partminer.com /glossaryhtml/pin_diode.html (0 words)

	SM 5 BSZ - High Power PIN Diode Switch
		At the end of each high impedance cable there is a PIN diode from the inner conductor to a well decoupled piece of copper to which the DC for the diode is routed.
		The Rx is connected to a tap on the coil at the PIN diode nearest to the antenna.
		The diode UM9415 has 0.1ohms at 1A bias so the impedance at the T junction is transformed to 100000 ohms due to the quarter wave section of 100 ohm line.
	www.nitehawk.com /sm5bsz/pindiode.htm (1726 words)

	PIN Diodes - Microwave Encyclopedia - Microwaves101.com
		In the PIN diode, the P contact is the anode, and the N contact is the cathode.
		The frequency at which the PIN diode transitions from acting like a diode to acting like a resistor is a function of the thickness of the I-region.
		PIN diodes can also be used to create limiters (a type of non-linear device), usually as one or more shunt elements across a transmission line.
	www.microwaves101.com /encyclopedia/diodes_PIN.cfm (754 words)

	Gain controlled amplifier using a pin diode - Patent 4275362
		The I.F. impedance of the PIN diode is increased further with increasing I.F. signal levels, until a 40 millivolt signal at the base of transistor 110 is divided such that a 10 millivolt signal drop appears across transistor 110 and the remaining 30 millivolts of signal is dropped across the PIN diode 112.
		The PIN diode is shown as part of a bipolar integrated circuit device, including a body 10 of semiconductor material, usually silicon, which comprises a substrate 24 of one type conductivity and a lightly doped epitaxial layer 12 of opposite type conductivity.
		The increased capacitance decreases the capacitive reactance X.sub.c as the PIN diode is reverse biased, thereby causing a reduction in the reverse biased impedance.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4275362.html (8611 words)

	PIN diode (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A 'PIN diode' ('p-type, intrinsic, n-type diode') is a photodiode with a wide, undoped intrinsic semiconductor region between p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor regions.
		A PIN diode exhibits an increase in its electrical conductivity as a function of the intensity, wavelength, and modulation rate of the incident radiation.
		The benefit of a PIN diode is that the depletion region exists almost completely within the intrinsic region, which is a constant width (or almost constant) regardless of the reverse bias applied to the diode.
	wiki-shorts.freestat.pl /23-2014-PIN_diode.html (171 words)

	Radio-Electronics.Com :: PIN Diode
		PIN diodes are widely made of silicon, and this was the semiconductor material that was used exclusively until the 1980s when gallium arsenide was introduced.
		The particularly useful aspect of the PIN diode occurs when it is used with high frequency signals, the diode appears as a resistor rather than a non linear device, and it produces no rectification or distortion.
		The PIN diode is used in a variety of different applications from low frequencies up to high radio frequencies.
	www.radio-electronics.com /info/data/semicond/pin_diode/p-i-n_diode.php (903 words)

	The Point-Contact Diode (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The point-contact diode has an advantage over the junction diode because the capacitance between the catwhisker and the crystal is less than the capacitance between the two sides of the junction diode.
		When the bias on a pin diode is varied, the microwave resistance changes from a typical value of 6 kilohms under negative bias to about 5 ohms when the bias is positive.
		Thus when the diode is mounted across a transmission line or waveguide, the loading effect is insignificant while the diode is reverse biased, and the diode presents no interference to power flow.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book11/45n.htm (1021 words)

	PIN-limiter diodes effectively protect receivers - 12/17/2004 - EDN (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The PIN (positive-intrinsic-negative) limiter circuit operates differently from another class of limiter, known as a clipper (Figure Aa), in which two rectifying diodes (which could be Schottky or pn-junction diodes) limit the peak voltage of the positive and negative signal alternations, either referenced to ground or to some arbitrarily selected dc level.
		Conduction of the heat generated in the I layer of a PIN (positive-intrinsic-negative) limiter diode and at the pn junction (the interface between the heavily doped, p-type P layer and the lightly doped, n-type I layer) is through the cathode layer, which is typically the thickest layer of the diode.
		The thermal resistance of the diode is 80°C/W. The diode’s P layer diameter is 63.5 microns, its I layer is 2.5 microns thick, and its N layer is 100 microns thick.
	www.edn.com /article/CA486567.html?nid=2431&rid=493886844 (3555 words)

	PIN
		The two PIN diodes were biased to 100 V using a bias supply in the target bay.
		Set the PIN diode mount in the target bay during d-T shots and measured noise levels outside the chamber.
		We believe that this is due to the fact that the protons deposit some of their energy in the dead layer at the front of the PIN diode, and these charges are not collected.
	www.geneseo.edu /~fletcher/PINS/PIN_CPS1.htm (722 words)

	Pin diode attenuator RF pulse generator with pulse rise and fall time control - Patent 5003195
		The RF PIN diode attenuator is known in the prior art for generating a pulse modulated RF carrier for use, for example, in testing the characteristics of radio frequency receivers.
		The shortcomings of the prior art RF PIN diode attenuator pulse generators are principally caused by the inability to control the PIN diode to attenuate the RF signals accurately and reliably because of the sharp knee on the PIN diode characteristic curve.
		The clamping diode 26 is forward-biased into conduction and the clamping diode 29 is reverse-biased by the +5 volt emitter supply of the transistor 19.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5003195.html (4069 words)

	High-Isolation W-band InP-based PIN Diode Monolithic Integrated Switches
		Understanding of PIN diode characteristics in the presence of high-power signals is important since a decrease of high-frequency impedance of the OFF-state PIN diode due to self-biasing effect can degrade the switch performance.
		, and the signal is not consequently reflected from the diode and is transmitted to the output port.
		The diodes were fabricated on 5m-diameter mesas by wet etching, and the Au electroplated airbridges were used to connect the diodes to the rest of the circuit.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /dp-group/PIN/cornell97 (2046 words)

	W-band InGaAs/InP PIN Diode Monolithic Integrated Switches
		PIN diodes are ideally suited for such applications due to their superior power handling capabilities and high switching cutoff frequencies.
		The ON- and OFF-state PIN diode equivalent circuits used in the microwave simulation are shown in Fig.1.
		Discrete PIN diodes were characterized initially from DC to 26 GHz and later directly at W-band to verify their characteristics with higher precision.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /dp-group/PIN/gaasic96 (2088 words)

	Pin Diode Switch
		However, the modern pin industry came about more recently in medieval Europe, when scholars needed a method of fastening documents together that could be removed, unlike the commonmethod of using a ribbon or string.
		Pins were made by drawing a piece of metal into wire, cutting the wire into lengths, andwelding the heads in place.
		A diode is called a half wave rectifier when it is used to convert alternating current electricity into direct current, by removing the negative portion of the current.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/16545-pin-diode-switch.html (989 words)

	GT Microwave
		Model M2L-58N-5HD is a 4.0 to 12.0 GHz, PIN Diode, High Dynamic Range IQ Digital Vector Modulator.
		Model M2L-69N-5 is a 2.0 to 18.0 GHz, Pin Diode, I and Q Vector Modulator.
		Model M2L-21N-0BT is a narrowband calibrated for True Position PIN diode I and Q Vector Modulator.
	www.gtmicrowave.com (0 words)

	3 PIN Diode (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A p-i-n diode is a p-n junction with a doping profile tailored so that an intrinsic layer, the ‘i region,’ is sandwiched between a p layer and an n layer [4].
		In practice, however, the idealized i region is approximated by either a high-resistivity p layer (referred to as p layer) or a high-resistivity n layer (n layer).
		To modelling this diode first is to define the space charge distribution and then works out the electric field on each layer.
	ice.prohosting.com /~jwah/pin.html (208 words)

	A Wideband General Purpose PIN Diode Attenuator
		PIN diode based AGC attenuators are commonly used in many broadband system applications such as cable or fiberoptic TV, wireless CDMA, etc. A popular attenuator design utilized over the instantaneous frequency range from 10 MHz to beyond 2 GHz is the PI network.
		The PIN diode is used as a current controlled resistance component in the PI network.
		The benefit of the 4 diode circuit is its symmetry that allows for a simpler bias network and a reduction of distortion due to cancellation of harmonic signals in the back-to-back configuration of the series diodes.
	www.rfglobalnet.com /content/news/article.asp?DocID={1DE69CB4-96E2-4C4B-BD52-FE9162803B92}&Bucket=Featured+Articles (304 words)

	pin diode attenuator high power
		Often when you are looking for better information relating to pin diode attenuator high power, you will find it hard separating superior advice from poorly sourced pin diode attenuator high power submissions or guidance so it is sensible to know ways of moderating the information you are given.
		A good pointer to follow when you are presented with information or advice on a pin diode attenuator high power web page is to verify the ownership of the website.
		This may show you who owns the site pin diode attenuator high power qualifications The quickest way to work out who owns the pin diode attenuator high power site is to find the 'about' page.
	www.technology-1st.com /attenuators/pin-diode-attenuator-high-power.htm (243 words)

	NCSR - PIN Diode
		Also the reaction time of the I-material is low compared with the RF signals, allowing the PIN to be used as a low distortion variable resistor or switch based on the forward (DC) bias applied.
		A second application is the PIN photodetector, where the device is reverse biased and the presence of an optical signal is detected when the incident light excites electron-hole pairs providing a much higher reverse current or even avalanche breakdown.
		The PIN is a PN junction with a region of intrinsic material sandwiched between the conducting regions.
	www.onr.navy.mil /sci_tech/31/312/ncsr/devices/pin.asp (177 words)

	HPRFhelp version 2.12
		The APLAC model predicts the RF resistance of a PIN diode chip under all bias conditions, and is based on the article SPICE CIRCUIT YIELDS RECIPE FOR PIN DIODE, Joe Walston, Microwaves and RF - November 1992.
		A PIN diode only behaves reliably as a variable resistor at frequencies above 10fc, where fc = 1/2pt and t is the minority carrier lifetime.
		The capacitance of a PIN diode does vary with the reverse voltage applied however the APLAC model only allows a fixed value.
	www.hp.woodshot.com /hprfhelp/design/SPICE/pins.htm (1117 words)

	PlanetAnalog.com - PIN-diode driver provides fast edges, bipolar swing
		PIN (P-type, Intrinsic, N-type) diodes are used extensively as switches, attenuators, and phase shifters in RF and microwave applications.
		(If you are not familiar with PIN diodes and their applications, click here and here for more information.) They provide low series loss and low distortion, and can handle high amounts of RF power with relatively low control voltages.
		Thus, the output levels for the PIN diode driver are set to ±3 V. Resistors R
	www.planetanalog.com /article/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=194400261 (330 words)

	The Unusual Diode FAQ - IV.13 - Microwave PIN Diodes
		PIN diodes are useful for switching and attenuating RF (radio frequency) signals.
		Basically, between the P- and N-doped regions of the diode is an undoped region referred to as "intrinsic" (hence the I in "PIN").
		The net effect of the diode at high frequencies is that of a variable resistor, whose resistance decreases as the bias current increases.
	www.avtechpulse.com /faq.html/IV.13 (315 words)

	Schottky Diode On GlobalSpec
		Diodes, All Types (461 companies) Diodes are electronic components that conduct electric current in only one direction, functioning as a one-way valve.
		Diodes are manufactured using semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium or selenium and are used as voltage regulators, signal rectifiers, oscillators and signal modulators / demodulators.
		In this discussion the term diode and rectifier will be used interchangeably; however, the term diode usually implies a small signal device with current typically in the milliamp range; and a rectifier, a power device, conducting from 1 to 1000 amps or even higher...
	www.globalspec.com /industrial-directory/schottky_diode (1435 words)

	PIN Diode Radiation Detectors
		Moreover, the active region of the diode is in electronic equilibrium with the surrounding medium--the diode package, substrate, window and outer coating, etc., so that Compton recoil electrons which are produced near--and close enough to penetrate--the active volume of the diode, are also detected.
		Thus, a silicon PIN diode can be thought of as a solid-state equivalent to an ionization-chamber radiation detector.
		Stable, reliable operation at low-to-medium exposure doserates in general radiation survey and monitoring applications is enhanced by operating the PIN diode detector in AC-coupled pulse-mode.
	www.carroll-ramsey.com /detect.htm (1094 words)

	Tackle Wideband RF Switching With PIN Diodes
		PIN diodes are often employed as the switching elements in single-pole, single-throw (SPST) and single-pole, multiple-throw configurations.
		The beauty of a two-terminal switching element, such as the PIN diode, lies in the ease with which additional diodes can be cascaded in series.
		As the linearity of PIN diodes generally deteriorates at low bias currents, this aspect practically rules out the Epi diodes from consideration as attenuators.
	www.mwrf.com /Articles/ArticleID/14862/14862.html (909 words)

	Diode Quad Is Foundation For PIN Diode Attenuator (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A low-cost surface-mount PIN diode quad was used as the basis for two versions of a wideband voltage-variable attenuator with outstanding linearity performance for CATV and other communications applications.
		In package form, pins 1 and 3 are assigned to RF input and output connections, pin 2 is used to provide series bias energy to the diodes, and pins 4 and 5 are used to supply shunt bias energy.
		The four diodes in one package concept ensure that the distortion cancellation is optimum as the two anti-series diodes are more closely matched than is possible-using two randomly picked diodes.
	www.mwrf.com /Articles/ArticleID/12523/12523.html (1553 words)

	Beam Lead PIN Diode is scratch- and impact-resistant., MA-COM, Inc.
		The HMIC silicon beam lead PIN diode is designed to outperform existing diode solutions in a variety of wideband and broadband switching applications and is fabricated with M/A-COM's proprietary HMIC silicon-glass process.
		The silicon-glass beam lead PIN diode device features one silicon pedestal embedded inside of a low loss, low dispersion glass, which supports the beam-leads.
		The diode is formed on the top of the pedestal, with air-bridges connecting the diode to the beam-leads.
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/470107/rss/772 (1048 words)

	The Unusual Diode FAQ
		A backward diode is a diode with an extremely low breakdown voltage, causing it to conductor better in the reverse direction than in the forward direction.
		PIN diodes are useful for switching and attenuating RF (radio frequency) signals.
		PIN silicon photodiodes are quantum detectors sensitive to light from UV (200 nm) to near IR (1150 nm), gamma radiation, X-rays and charged particles.
	margo.student.utwente.nl /el/componen/diodefaq.html (5939 words)

	InGaAs PIN Diode Arrays
		InGaAs PIN Diode Arrays are designed for telecom WDM applications, both for OC-192 and OC-768 specifications.
		The DSC-10-4X is a four-element diode array with each diode having 10 µm active area and individual bandwidth of 50 Gbits.
		The DSC-40-4X is a 4-element diode array with each diode having 40 µm active area and individual bandwidth of 12.5 Gbits.
	www.fiberopticsonline.com /Content/ProductShowcase/product.asp?DocID={3C9F23ED-0535-11D3-9A3A-00A0C9C83AFB} (123 words)

	Radio-Electronics.Com :: PIN Diode Constant Impedance Attenuator
		It is possible to achieve this using a PIN diode attenuator circuit.
		The PIN diode variable attenuator is used to give attenuation over a range of about 20 dB and can be used in 50 ohm systems.
		When Vin is increased the diodes D1 and D2 become reverse biased, and D3 becomes forward biased, allowing the signal to pass through the circuit.
	www.radio-electronics.com /info/circuits/diode_const_impedance_attenuator/diode_const_impedance_attenuator.php (439 words)

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