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Topic: PNP (transistor polarity)


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 PNP Transistor Operation
Q.11 What is the relationship between the polarity of the voltage applied to the PNP transistor and that applied to the NPN transistor?
- The reverse-biased junction in a PNP transistor.
- The forward-biased junction in a PNP transistor.
www.tpub.com /neets/book7/25b.htm   (1032 words)

  
 TALKING ELECTRONICS Mini Tracker
The BC 557 is a PNP transistor and it operates as a "mirror" to an NPN transistor, that's why the voltage on the base must be lower than rail voltage for it to turn ON.
This point is being monitored by the rest of the circuit (the base of the PNP transistor) and when a particular voltage is reached, the circuit changes state.
The overlay makes it easy to see where the parts go and the only two things you have to be careful with are the BC 547 transistors and the BC 557, and the polarity of the electrolytics.
www.talkingelectronics.com /FreeProjects/FM-Bugs/MiniTracker/MiniTracker.html   (3793 words)

  
 FSK Interface
An FSK circuit employing a PNP transistor (diagram to the left) is used when the FSK circuit using an NPN transistor causes your transmit FSK signal to be inverted and you do not have a menu option in your radio to reverse the polarity of the FSK.
If you find your transmit is inverted, you can normally change the polarity of transmit FSK with a menu option in your transceiver.
These circuits are connected to the same DB 9 connector to the same serial COM port on the PC.
www.aa5au.com /rttyinterface.html   (357 words)

  
 Transistor Testing
The base of the transistor needs to be connected to SMU1, the collector to SMU2, the emitter to SMU3 and the n-well to SMU4 (for PNP transistors) while the substrate is biased via VS1 and the epi-pad via VS2.
All values are set as positive voltages and currents besides the voltage for the n-well, which needs to be set to the right polarity.
The emitter voltage is swept starting at 0.0 V to 0.3 V in steps of 0.05 V to obtain one IV curve for each base current.
scipp.ucsc.edu /~wichmann/TransTest   (357 words)

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