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Topic: PSLV

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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle

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	PSLV-C8 Mission
		In this flight, PSLV launches the 352 kg Italian astronomical satellite, AGILE, into a 550 km circular orbit, inclined at an angle of 2.5 deg to the equator.
		PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world.
		PSLV was originally designed to place 1,000 kg class of India's remote sensing satellites into a 900 km polar SSO.
	www.isro.org /pslv-c8/page2.htm (546 words)

	PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)
		The PSLV uses a four-stage core vehicle surrounded by six strap-on boosters of the type developed for the ASLV.
		The PSLV was first launched on Sep. 20, 1993, became operational in March 1996, and has since successfully launched several payloads, including IRS-P4 (Oceansat) and two piggyback satellites, the Korean KITSAT and the German TUBSAT, on May 26,1999.
		A second successful triple launch for PSLV took place on Oct. 22, 2001, when the German BIRD, the Belgian PROBA, and the Indian TES satellites were placed into their correct orbits by the PSLV-3C mission (see accompanying photo of launch).
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/PSLV.html (259 words)

	domain-B : indian business : organisation : ISRO successfully launches PSLV with four satellites
		PSLV C7 blasted off the first launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, along with its four payloads – two Indian and two overseas.
		It was a sight to behold when the 44.4-metre high, 295-tonne PSLV, with six strap-on motors hugging the mother rocket, kissed goodbye to the earth station and rose with a huge orange fire in its tail towards outer space.
		What makes PSLV C7 historic is the Rs30 crore, 550 kg bell-shaped space recovery capsule that will demonstrate the technology of orbiting platforms for performing experiments in microgravity conditions and its recovery.
	www.domain-b.com /organisation/isro/20070110_satellites.html (1052 words)

	PSLV - POLAR SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE - SSO/LEO BOOSTER
		The PSLV is a unique vehicle which employs both liquid and solid fuel engines, and it is ISRO's workhorse.
		PSLV was initially designed for launching 900 kg Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) into a 900 km polar sun synchronous orbit.
		The 3.2 m diameter metallic bulbous payload fairing of PSLV protects the spacecraft during the atmospheric regime of the flight.
	www.geocities.com /hari_ghk/pslv.htm (845 words)

	domain-B - Aviation and Aerospace - PSLV-C8 mission successful
		Blasting off at the second launch pad, PSLV C8 rose upwards exactly at 3.30 pm on 23 April, 2007, with a deep throated growl.
		Compared to the earlier versions, this time PSLV C8 had a slimmer bottomline-resembling India's first generation of launch vehicle SLV-3, and the growl of its core motor was comparatively lower.
		The core-alone PSLV C8 weighed 230 tonnes as against the usual 295 tonnes.
	www.domain-b.com /aero/20070423_pslv.htm (684 words)

	PIB Press Release
		PSLV is the workhorse launch vehicle of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) with nine consecutively successful flights so far.
		PSLV will also be used to launch India’s first spacecraft mission to moon, Chandrayaan-1, during 2008.
		PSLV’s first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world.
	pib.nic.in /release/release.asp?relid=23948 (1200 words)

	The Hindu : The PSLV-Metsat launch
		The PSLV was designed to put remote sensing satellites into polar orbit, a path which sends the satellites in a loop close to the Earth's north and south poles.
		The unavailability of a suitable weather camera in geostationary orbit was given as one of the reasons why the path of the `super cyclone' which struck Orissa in 1999 was not predicted accurately.
		This will be the very first time that the PSLV is used to take a satellite to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), an oval-shaped intermediate path from which the satellite will subsequently be moved to the final geostationary orbit using its own small rocket engines.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2002/09/02/stories/2002090200381000.htm (1280 words)

	PSLV-C2 mission
		PSLV is a four-stage vehicle, that employs solid and liquid stages alternately (Figure 1).
		This section provides the modifications carried out on the PSLV equipment bay to accommodate the auxiliary satellites, development of the satellite separation system, structural tests to analyse the adequacy of the satellite structure, and on the mission analyses performed to ensure collision-free separation even under worst conditions.
		PSLV configuration used for the C2 mission was the same as that was flown in the previous mission.
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/oct25/articles18.htm (2435 words)

	A New Leap into Space - Space - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		PSLV is the workhorse launch vehicle of the ISRO, with nine consecutive successful flights so far.
		PSLV will be used to launch India's first spacecraft mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-1, next year.
		PSLV was originally designed to put the 1,000-kilogram class of India's remote sensing satellites into a 900-kilometer polar SSO.
	www.redorbit.com /news/space/815021/a_new_leap_into_space/index.html?source=r_space (375 words)

	PSLV - Summary
		PSLV was developed to place 1000 kg class Indian remote sensing satellites into Polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO).
		The first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world and carries 138 metric tonnes of Hydroxyl Terminated Poly Butadiene (HTPB) propellant with a diameter of 2.8 m.
		The fairing of the PSLV is 3.2 m in diameter and is made of isogrid construction to protect the spacecraft during the atmospheric regime of the flight.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/elvs/pslv_sum.shtml (270 words)

	The science and commerce of PSLV
		All the five launches of PSLV (three of them developmental, of which the first, D1, failed, and two operational or continuation launches, of which C1 resulted in sub-optimal injection of IRS-1D, and the other is the present one) have been configured for an SSPO launch.
		PSLV, with an overall height of 44.4 metres and a gross lift-off mass of 292 tonnes, is configured as a four-stage vehicle with alternate soli d and liquid propulsion modules.
		The PSLV continuation project is planned for realisin g six launch vehicles (including C1 and C2) and carries a total sanctioned cost of Rs.665.93 crores.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1612/16120370.htm (2655 words)

	PSLV Successfully Launches Italian Satellite
		In this mission, PSLV was flown, for the first time, without the six strap-on motors of the first stage.
		With a much lighter payload and the low inclination of the orbit in which AGILE was to be placed, PSLV-C8 was configured, for the first time, without the six solid propellant strap-on motors of the first stage.
		PSLV has emerged as the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO with ten consecutively successful flights so far.
	www.spacenewsfeed.co.uk /2007/29April2007_13.html (572 words)

	SPACE.com -- India Launches METSAT into Orbit with Improved PSLV Rocket
		Liftoff from the recently rechristened Satish Dhawan Space Center on the southeast coast of India was at 6:20 a.m.
		The meteorology satellite known as METSAT was to have separated from the fourth stage of the PSLV rocket 21 minutes after launch.
		The shot was the seventh for the PSLV rocket and the first time that a booster designed -- and named -- for sending satellites into orbits over the planet's poles was used to send a spacecraft on its way into a geosynchronous transfer orbit.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/pslv_launch_020912.html (451 words)

	Asia Times
		So far, the versatile PSLVs have been limited to injecting satellites, both Indian and foreign, into polar "sun-synchronous" orbit, defined as a loop around the poles at a modest height of between 800 and 900 km.
		With each new mission, the PSLV's lifting capabilities have been enhanced, from a 40-kg payload in a 1980 launch until its present capacity to place either a three-ton satellite in low-earth orbit or a 1,050-pound satellite like Wednesday's METSAT into high geo-synchronous orbit.
		The officials expected a rising demand for the launch of low-orbit satellites and the PSLV perfectly fit the bill especially because of its record for reliability.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/DI14Df02.html (912 words)

	Universe Today - India Launches Remote Sensing Satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		PSLV forms an important component of the end to end system created by ISRO for natural resource planning and management.
		It may be noted that PSLV was designed and developed by ISRO to place 1,000 kg class Indian remote sensing satellites into polar Sun-synchronous Orbit (SSO).
		The 3.2 m diameter metallic bulbous payload fairing of PSLV is of isogrid construction and protects the spacecraft during the atmospheric regime of the flight.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/printer_india_remote_sensing_satellite.html (1069 words)

	India Successfully Launches Four Satellites - Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums
		PSLV is the workhorse launch vehicle of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) with nine consecutively successful flights so far.
		PSLV’s first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world.
		PSLV was originally designed to put 1,000 kg class of India’s remote sensing satellites into a 900 km polar SSO.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=85902 (2529 words)

	Space Launch Vehicles - PSLV
		The basic PSLV configuration is 44.4 meter tall weighing 295 tonne and four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately.
		Pitch and yaw control of the PSLV during the thrust phase of the solid motor is achieved by injection of an aqueous solution of strontium perchlorate in the nozzle to constitute Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control System (STIVC)[29].
		It is estimated to increase the stage ISP by about 7 seconds, raising PSLV's SSO payload capability by 70Kg and GTO payload capability by 41Kg[30].
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /SPACE/space-launchers-pslv.html (2670 words)

	Israel Chooses Indian PSLV To Launch New Spy Satellite
		Government and industry sources here conceded that Israel's embrace of the PSLV was driven in large part by a loss of confidence in the Shavit, which has had reliability problems over the past decade.
		Because of TechSAR's small size relative to most PSLV payloads, it will launch on a version of the rocket that is not equipped with strap-on boosters, Israeli sources said.
		The PSLV mission is said to be path breaking as India is testing out a recoverable capsule for the first time, ahead of its first moon mission.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1766215/posts (2262 words)

	PressZoom.com - Global News Service - News and Press Release Distribution
		PSLV is the workhorse launch vehicle of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) with nine consecutively successful flights so far.
		PSLV was originally designed to put 1,000 kg class of India's remote sensing satellites into a 900 km polar SSO.
		With its ninth consecutively successful launch today, PSLV has once again proved its reliability and versatility to orbit multiple satellites and launch satellites in different types of orbit.
	presszoom.com /story_122545.html (1294 words)

	Report - Industrial Economist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		While the six solid propellant strap-on motors in the present PSLV carry 9 tonne of propellant, the new version, PSOM-XL, with a length of 13.5 m, has the capacity to carry 12.4 tonne.
		The other developments related to PSLV are: a new 229 tonne core alone configuration with a capability to launch 1100 kg satellite into 622 km SSO and a vehicle that could carry 1900 kg in SSO by increasing the propellant in the stage two and improvement in specific impulse.
		Incidentally the PSLV that will be launching the Italian satellite will not have any strap on motors-core alone configuration- as the payload is much lower.
	www.indeconomist.com /30janp13.htm (890 words)

	PSLV SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES THREE SATELLITES
		In the flight sequence, the 294 tonne, 44.4 m tall PSLV lifted off from the launch pad with the ignition of first stage motor along with four strap on motors.
		PSLV was declared operational after the PSLV-D3 and the first operational flight, PSLV-C1, was used to place Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1D) in a polar sunsynchronous orbit on September 29, 1997.
		The metallic bulbous heat-shield of PSLV, 3.2 m in diameter and protects the spacecraft during the atmospheric regime of the flight.
	www.indianembassy.org /new/PSLV_May_26_1999.htm (1576 words)

	rediff.com: PSLV successfully launched from Sriharikota
		The PSLV carried an interesting payload in the form of a satellite described in ISRO's decade plan as an experimental technical payload.
		The PSLV's last flight (PSLV C-2) took place on May 26, 1999, when the 294 tonne, four-stage vehicle placed three satellites, including a 107kg Korean and a 47kg German one, in orbit.
		PSLV, which is integral to India's commercial satellite launch programme, is capable of placing satellites weighing up to 1200 kilos into as much as an 820km high polar sun-synchronous orbit.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/oct/22isro1.htm (247 words)

	Indian Space Program
		The PSLV (Polar Space Launch Vehicle) was developed to permit India to launch its own IRS-class satellites into sun-synchronous orbits, a service until recently procured commercially via the USSR/CIS.
		The design orbital capacity for the PSLV is one metric ton into a 900 km, 99 degree inclination orbit.
		After some delays the maiden flight of the PSLV with the IRS-I E Earth observation spacecraft occurred on 20 September 1993.
	www.geocities.com /indian_space_story/rocketpslv (445 words)

	CARTOSAT-1 And HAMSAT To Be Launched By PSLV-6 On Thursday
		PSLV was initially designed by ISRO to place 1,000 kg class Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into 900 km polar Sun-synchronous Orbits.
		PSLV employs a large number of auxiliary systems for stage separation, heat-shield separation and so on.
		PSLV was used to launch ISRO's exclusive meteorological satellite, KALPANA-1, into a Geo-synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) in September 2002.
	www.spacemart.com /reports/CARTOSAT1_And_HAMSAT_To_Be_Launched_By_PSLV6_On_Thursday.html (1596 words)

	Insat 3C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Since its first flight in 1993, the payload capability of PSLV has been progressively improved by more than 600 kg.
		With six successive successful launches so far, PSLV has emerged as the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO for launching satellites into SSO as well as Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
		PSLV is also offered for launching satellites of other space agencies /countries through the Antrix Corporation Limited.
	www.antrix.org /pslvc5.html (105 words)

	Israel Chooses Indian PSLV To Launch New Spy Satellite
		Government and industry sources here conceded that Israel's embrace of the PSLV was driven in large part by a loss of confidence in the Shavit, which has had reliability problems over the past decade.
		Another factor influencing the PSLV decision was the defense ministry's need to accommodate new orbital requirements for the TechSAR.
		Because of TechSAR's small size relative to most PSLV payloads, it will launch on a version of the rocket that is not equipped with strap-on boosters, Israeli sources said.
	www.space.com /spacenews/businessmonday_051114.html (924 words)

	The Hindu : Front Page : PSLV to put recoverable satellite into orbit
		The PSLV is 44.4 metres tall and weighs 295 tonnes.
		The PSLV, in its missions in 1999 and 2001, had orbited three satellites each.
		This is the first time that the PSLV will put in orbit four satellites.
	www.hindu.com /2006/12/22/stories/2006122206711300.htm (701 words)

	PSLV Successfully Launches Four Satellites
		The four satellites have been placed in a polar orbit at an altitude of 637 km with an inclination of 97.9 deg with respect to the equator.
		The 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne.
		With its ninth consecutively successful launch today, PSLV has once again proved its reliability and versatility to orbit multiple satellites and launch satellites in different types of orbit.
	www.spacedaily.com /reports/PSLV_Successfully_Launches_Four_Satellites_999.html (1541 words)

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