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	Healthy Building Network: PVC Facts
		PVC production is the biggest single use of chlorine and so reduction in its use represents the largest single step we can take to reduce the risk of chlorine disasters, accidental or intentional.
		PVC is useless without the addition of a plethora of toxic chemical stabilizers - such as lead, cadmium and organotins - and phthalate plasticizers.
		PVC burning in landfill fires may now be the single largest source of dioxin releases to the environment.
	www.healthybuilding.net /pvc/facts.html (1237 words)

	Greenpeace Toxic Site - The Poison Plastic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		PVC has displaced a broad range of other, less problematic materials such as glass, metal, paper, ceramics, wood, etc., and it obstructs the use of chorine-free plastics.
		PVC is used for consumer articles such as credit cards, records, toys; in the office for furniture, binders, folders, pens; it is used in the car industry, especially as underseal, in hospitals for medical disposables, as cable and wire insulation and for imitation leather and for garden furniture.
		The first local authority restriction on PVC use in public buildings occurred in the town of Bielefeld, Germany in 1986, after a fire in a bowling alley which left a costly and dangerous dioxin cleanup problem.
	archive.greenpeace.org /toxics/html/content/pvc1.html (1456 words)

	Greenpeace International PVC Alternatives Database
		PVC can also be replaced by a variety of other, less environmentally damaging plastics, although most plastics pose some risk to the environment and contribute to the global waste crisis.
		PVC, the most problematic plastic, is at the top of the pyramid, and biobased plastics, the least polluting of the plastics, are at the pyramid's base.
		PVC releases dioxin and other persistent organic pollutants during its manufacture and disposal and cannot be readily recycled due to it chlorine and additive content.
	archive.greenpeace.org /toxics/pvcdatabase/bad.html (1212 words)

	The role and origins of PVC
		PVC itself was synthesised by Baumann in 1872.
		PVC formulations can be shaped by a variety of techniques and, using very little energy, made into the final product form.
		PVC polymer is chemically stable, neutral and non-toxic.
	www.ecvm.org /code/page.cfm?id_page=108 (417 words)

	PVC Products: Frequently Asked Questions
		PVC solvent cement joints are used for most above ground piping in buildings and for some underground piping, especially in smaller sizes.
		The maximum use temperature for PVC pressure pipe is 140 degrees F. PVC DWV piping readily withstands the hot and cold water discharges that are normally associated with plumbing fixtures.
		PVC piping may be used in outodoor applications when the piping system is painted with a light-colored water based acrylic or latex paint that is chemically compatible with PVC.
	www.ppfahome.org /pvc/faqpvc.html (3150 words)

	PVC Toys Information Centre
		In addition to its safety record, toymakers also use PVC because of its versatility; it can be easily formulated to be flexible or rigid, or to be virtually any colour of the rainbow.
		PVC's durability helps toys to withstand even the most rugged play, and parents can appreciate the fact that it can be easily cleaned, helping to keep children safe from germs.
		To make PVC soft and flexible it is necessary to use substances known as plasticisers to make the material pliable.
	www.pvc-toys.com (427 words)

	PVC Products
		PVC pipe is manufactured by extrusion in a variety of sizes and dimensions and generally sold in 10' and 20' lengths.
		PVC pipe is made to conform to various ASTM standards for both pressure and non-pressure applications.
		PVC piping is recognized as acceptable material for DWV, sewers, and potable water services and distribution in all model plumbing codes.
	www.ppfahome.org /pvc/index.html (522 words)

	Polyvinyl chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PVC is commonly used as the insulation on electric wires; the plastic used for this purpose needs to be plasticized.
		According to the EPA, "vinyl chloride emissions from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) plants cause or contribute to air pollution that may reasonably be anticipated to result in an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness.
		PVC is not typically recycled due to the prohibitive cost of regrinding and recompounding the resin compared to the cost of virgin (unrecycled) resin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride (2416 words)

	Healthy Building Network: PVC Plastic
		PVC (polyvinyl chloride or vinyl) is the worst plastic from an environmental health perspective, posing unique and major hazards in its manufacture, product life and disposal.
		PVC has contributed a significant portion of the world's burden of persistent toxic pollutants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals - including dioxin and phthalates - that are now universally present in the environment and the human population.
		When its entire life cycle is taken into account, it becomes apparent that this seemingly innocuous plastic is one of the most environmentally hazardous consumer materials produced.
	www.healthybuilding.net /pvc/index.html (278 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - Waste - PVC
		PVC has been at the centre of a controversial debate during much of the last two decades.
		In order to assess the whole life cycle of PVC and its possible impact on human health and the environment as well as the proper functioning of the internal market, the Commission has carried out several studies and issued a Green Paper on Environment Issues of PVC.
		A Green Paper on Environment Issues of PVC COM (2000)469 was adopted on 26 July 2000.
	ec.europa.eu /environment/waste/pvc/index.htm (306 words)

	How to Find and Avoid Toxic Vinyl (PVC) in Your Home \| Greenpeace USA
		Because of its majority chlorine content, when PVC burns in fires two extremely hazardous substances, hydrogen chloride gas and dioxin are formed which present both acute and chronic health hazards to building occupants, fire fighters and surrounding communities.
		The production of PVC and its feedstocks, vinyl chloride monomer and ethylene dichloride results in the release of hundreds of thousands of pounds of toxic chemicals into the environment each year, mainly in poor, communities of color in the Louisiana and Texas.
		Given the well-established health and environmental hazards associated with the PVC lifecycle and the availability of safer and more environmentally friendly substitutes, many of which are both cost and performance competitive, common sense dictates the need to identify and use alternative materials.
	www.greenpeace.org /usa/news/how-to-find-and-avoid-toxic-vi (936 words)

	Go PVC-Free \| Greenpeace USA
		PVC may be versatile and relatively inexpensive, but the price we pay for a low-cost piece of PVC pipe or soft vinyl toy is far steeper than it may seem.
		PVC contaminates humans and the environment throughout its lifecycle: during its production, use, and disposal.
		PVC can be replaced with safer materials in virtually all cases.
	www.greenpeace.org /usa/campaigns/toxics/go-pvc-free (278 words)

	Pvc Pipe,Ahmedabad,Pvc,Pipe,Pipes,Poly vinyl Chloride,Plastic,Plastic Pipe,Gujarat,India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		PVC Pipes are inherently immune to both underground and internal pipe corrosion which ensures no contamination with rust particles with drinking water and which also ensures longer life of the Pipe.
		PVC Pipes has a impressive record of long term durability, one hundred years is an extremely conservative estimate for the service life of a properly designed and installed PVC pipe.
		‘Saral’ PVC pipes should be joined inside the bottom leveled trench of 1 meter depth and the width should be ideally 300 mm over the diameter of the pipe being installed Sharp stone must be removed and be refilled with 10/15 mm soft earth/sand, for cushioning.
	www.pvcpipe.in (1515 words)

	PVC
		PVC has a broad range of applications, from high volume construction related products to simple electric wire insulation and coatings.
		PVC can also be machined using standard metal working tools and finished to close tolerances and finishes without great difficulty.
		PVC resins are normally mixed with other additives such as impact modifiers and stabilizers, providing hundreds of PVC based materials with a variety of engineering properties.
	www.sdplastics.com /pvc.html (183 words)

	PVC
		Polyvinyl chloride or ‘PVC’ is a modern synthetic material and an important member of the extensive polymers ‘family’.
		Available in a wide range of formulations, PVC offers a diverse and varied combination of properties which make it suitable for an enormous range of applications in modern life, from blood bags and catheters to children’s toys, pipes, cable insulation and window profiles.
		In Western Europe in 1997 some 50,000 tonnes of PVC were used for medical applications.
	www.pvc.org /code/page.cfm?id_page=1 (196 words)

	PVC
		The reason PVC is banned is because when backed with a conductor (or otherwise is highly charged on the outside as well as inside), and very special circumstances occur, a discharge with enough energy to ignite dust may occur.
		Other PVC pipe issues: Due to the size of the duct, there is no hazard due to a discharge from the space charge in the dust cloud itself; a discharge is very unlikely and if it occurs it will be a brush discharge.
		When the force of attraction from the PVC balances with the force of repulsion from the electrons bunching up and the pull of the positive charge on the other side of the conductor, the electrons stop moving and the system is in equilibrium.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /rodec/woodworking/articles/DC_myths.html (9426 words)

	The Great PVC Controversy - CHF Chemistry WebQuest #5
		PVC is also used to make the "vinyl" siding on the outside of houses.
		Because of this, PVC is useful for making fixtures for the interiors of airplanes, where a fire could be especially dangerous.
		PVC also can be made into a soft and flexible plastic by mixing it with small-molecule compounds called
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/webquest/pvc.htm (581 words)

	PVC: A Health Hazard From Production through Disposal Paul Goettlich 25oct01
		Goodrich, fearful of a broad indictment of PVC, had tried to stop publication of a European researcher's paper in 1966, according to a Monsanto memo.[13] Currently, all but consumers know that PVC is a threat to both human and environmental health.
		PVC is the largest contributor of the world’s dioxin burden and it is highly persistent in the environment, traveling up the food chain, and accumulating in body fat.
		Exposure to PVC dust was associated with an increased incidence of lung tumors.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/Polyvinylchloride/PVC-Health-HazardPWG25oct01.htm (6295 words)

	Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Bag
		In the medical field, flexible PVC is used for the blood storage bags, blood tubing used during hemodialysis, endotracheal tubes, intravenous solution dispensing sets, as well as for drug product storage and packaging.
		PVC is a rigid polymer, so plasticizers are added to increase its flexibility.
		PVC is permeable to water, thus causing increase in concentration of infusion solutions upon storage
	www.ucsf.edu /dpsl/pvc.html (718 words)

	Polyvinyl Chloride \| Greenpeace International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		PVC products can leak harmful additives during use and disposal, when they are burned or buried.
		PVC is difficult to recycle, resulting in much of it ending up in landfills.
		Danish and Swedish governments are restricting PVC use, hundreds of communities worldwide are eliminating PVC in buildings and many companies such as Nike, IKEA and The Body Shop have committed to eliminating PVC from their products.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/campaigns/toxics/polyvinyl-chloride (262 words)

	PVC's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		PVCs are very common, and while not usually harmful, can be quite distressing.
		There are 3 major studies that have shown increased risk of mortality in patients with PVCs, the Tecumseh study, a subanalysis of the MRFIT study, and a study from the Framingham database.
		The thing is, I've had these PVC's for over 10 years now, and in that time, I have had Echo's, which came out fine, and all kinds of other testing done.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/cardio/messages/34288a.html (4774 words)

	PVC
		Country Estate PVC fence is manufactured out of 100% virgin PVC making it a superior PVC fence.
		Country Estate PVC is available in over 30 styles including complete privacy, semi-privacy, picket, corral, and even "neighbor friendly".
		PVC fence is available in heights from 3 ft. to 6 ft. heights, depending on the style.
	dcfence.com /pvc.htm (223 words)

	White PVC sch40 plumbing fittings - PlumbingSupply.com
		Most PVC manufacturers recommend that the installer follow the instructions for the cement and primer that is being used.
		The main difference is that PVC barbed fittings - on their other end - are either slip (slip = PVC pipe will slip into this end of the fitting) or spigot (spigot = same size as PVC pipe), whereas brass barbed fittings adapt to a threaded fitting.
		PVC pipe is designed for the transmittal of liquids, and could be dangerous when used for transmitting compressed air or gas (especially above ground).
	www.plumbingsupply.com /pvc.html (2758 words)

	[No title]
		The Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association is a non-profit, research / technical trade organization representing all segments of the gasket-joint polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe industry.
		It was formed by a group of PVC pipe producers who, in 1971, recognized the potential of the product for buried water, sewage, drainage and irrigation systems.
		The Uni-Bell Handbook of PVC Pipe: Design and Construction is without question the most comprehensive text on PVC pipe and fittings in publication.
	www.uni-bell.org (307 words)

	Screens & Risers
		PVC Pipe has proven itself as a remarkably successful piping material.
		PVC Plus Drilling manufactures and supplies slotted and perforated PVC collection screens, in a wide range of sizes and diameters.
		PVC Plus Drilling manufactures, supplies and distributes slotted and perforated PVC collection screens, in a wide range of sizes and diameters.
	www.pvcplus.com /Screens.htm (150 words)

	Health Care Without Harm - PVC \| The Issue
		PVC, or vinyl, plastic – the most widely used plastic in medical devices – can be harmful to patients, the environment and public health.
		Dioxin, a known human carcinogen, can be formed during the manufacture of PVC, and during the incineration or burning of PVC products.
		DEHP, a phthalate used to soften PVC plastic that can leach from PVC medical devices, is linked to reproductive birth defects and other illnesses, according to animal studies.
	www.noharm.org /pvcDehp/issue (262 words)

	Clean Car Campaign
		PVC also contains a range of toxic additives, including metals, plasticizers, and hazardous oils that can further lead to contamination and health impacts.
		PVC is manufactured from carcinogenic chemicals - ethylene dichloride (EDC) and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) - and often includes toxic additives such as lead, organotins, and phthalates - depending on the final end use for the product.
		PVC contains these additives to facilitate manufacturing, impart specific properties to the plastic, and/or prolong the use life of the plastic.
	www.cleancarcampaign.org /pvc.shtml (329 words)

	pvc's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		My PVCs never subsided and I was diagnosed with GAD and Gerd and had a brief stint with Diverticulisis.
		Pvc's have a way of being indiscriminate about when they need to annoy you.
		So, in all probability my pvc's were caused from my heart attack and yet - I know when I went through menopause the pvc's got worse.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/cardio/messages/35215.html (5223 words)

	PVC Tech film and sheet, polypropylene, high density polyethylene and more
		PVC TECH has been offering quality products and service since our inception in 1988.
		From auspicious beginnings with 3 people and a small building in Gardena, CA to current 100,000 square foot facility in Dominguez Hills, CA, PVC Tech continues to advance our commitment to superior customer service and quality control.
		The ultimate goal at PVC Tech is to match the customer and his application with the correct product whether it is highly engineered performance film or general purpose material.
	www.pvctech.com /about.shtml (144 words)

	Complete Life Cycle Analyses of PVC and alternatives in applications
		They all give as result that PVC is one of the least polluting materials, comparable with other plastics and far better than a lot of traditional materials.
		Parts of the analysis clearly indicate that PVC on the whole is a better alternative environmentally than its possible replacements.
		The investigation on PVC and alternatives bottles for mineral water was done by VITO, the governmental research institute.
	www.ping.be /~ping5859/Eng/PVCLCAc.html (962 words)

	EnVaDoR's PVC Case II
		PVC II has become my daily-use PC so there's not much chance I'll be able to turn him off, take him apart and inventory his parts.
		PVC II was a little big, but that's fine considering the massive fan that was in that thing.
		However, the PVC II Case (when it was empty) was quite light.
	www.envador.com /Photos/PVCII (977 words)

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