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Topic: Pa (Maori)

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	Maori Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A Māori Pa was not the same as European fortress but it took British years to appreciate the difference.
		Pa like this were built in their dozens particularly during the First Taranaki War where they eventually formed a cordon surrounding New Plymouth.
		At Ohaeawai Pa in 1845, at Rangiriri in 1864, and again at Gate Pa in 1864 the British and Colonial Forces discovered that a frontal attack on a defended Pa was both ineffective and extremely costly.
	www.mywiseowl.com /articles/Maori_Wars (2751 words)

	Pa Bibliography database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Archaeology of the Peripheral Pa at Pouerua, Northland, New Zealand.
		Maori Fortifications of the Omata and Oakura Districts, Taranaki.
		The Archaeology of the Kainga: a study of precontact Maori undefended settlements at Pouerua, Northland, New Zealand.
	www.nzarchaeology.org /elecpublications/pabib.htm (2003 words)

	The northern maori wars
		By the early 1840âs tensions between native Maori and the ever increasing number of white âinvadersâ to the northern part of New Zealand were reaching boiling point.
		The Maori were far from happy to see their lands being taken over and their dominion being replaced by the British flag.
		Maori losses were believed to be more than double the 52 British killed and wounded.
	ks.essortment.com /maorihonehkek_rnkd.htm (933 words)

	Maori Wars : Maori wars - Medical News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, the settlers did not appreciate that Maori land[?] was owned communally and that permission to settle on land did not always mean the land was being sold to them.
		The Maori on the other hand, had an agrarian economy, their warriors were also their farmers and food gatherers, as such they were limited to periods of only two or three months campaigning before they had to return to their home base.
		At Ohaeawai Pa in 1845, at Waireka in 1860, and again at Te Ngutu o Te Mana in 1868 the British and Colonial Forces discovered that a frontal attack on a defended Pa was both ineffective and extremely costly.
	www.medical-news.info /ma/maori-wars.html (2488 words)

	First Maori War Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The First Maori War, also known as the Flagstaff War was fought between 11 March 1845 and 11 January 1846, in and around the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
		When the Treaty of Waitangi was signed on February 6 1840 between the British Crown and the Maori tribes, both parties; and indeed most of the signatories; had different understandings of its meaning.
		This caused consternation among the Maori allies and indeed among the Maori defenders of the Pa who tried to persuade the British soldiery to retreat and and not persist in such a suicidal attack.
	advertising.top5miami.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/first_maori_war.html (3288 words)

	First Maori War - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		British authority was re-established in the Bay of Islands on 28 March 1845 with the arrival of troops under the command of Lt Col William Hulme of the 96th Regiment.
		Encouraged by this success their next target was Heke's Pa at Puketutu on the shores of Lake Omapere, some 30 kilometres inland from the Bay of Islands.
		On the morning of 8 July the Pa was found to have been abandoned; the enemy had disappeared in the night.
	www.grohol.com /mwiki/index.php/First_Maori_War (3261 words)

	Maori
		Maori prehistory itself covers a period of less than 1 000 years.
		According to Maori oral history their Polynesian ancestors migrated from an area named Hawaiiki, known as the ancestral homeland, and generally considered as being somewhere in Eastern Polynesia.
		This was the major cultivated crop of the pre-European Maori.
	www.geocities.com /blackdragon19809 (1758 words)

	[No title]
		He intervened with a swift and efficient campaign in the war between maori and settler in Taranaki and Wanganui, marching his men 260 miles in six weeks, losing nine killed and 26 wounded, capturing seven fortified pas and 20 villages, and demonstrating that the troops could follow maori into the bush.
		Notable for the heaviest shelling of a pa by British troops during the New Zealand Wars, Cameron's guns began firing at daybreak on 29 April and by late afternoon had made a breach in the defences.
		It was called Gate Pa because the maori defence position was at a gate in a boundary fence between european and native land.
	www.geocities.com /wlorac/nzcross.txt (3677 words)

	Pa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		pa, a word for dad or father ("pa" or "paw")
		Pa, Maori word meaning a fortified village or redoubt, described at length in Maori Wars
		protactinium ( Pa), symbol for the chemical element
	www.news-server.org /p/pa/pa.html (69 words)

	Tauranga Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By mid afternoon the Pa looked as if it had been demolished and there was a large breach in the center of the palisade.
		Gate Pa was the single most devastating defeat suffered by the British military in the whole of the Maori Wars.
		The Maori may have been deafened by the bombardment but as soon as it ended they were able to unleash a devastating ambush.
	www.infothis.com /find/Tauranga_Campaign (1610 words)

	Battle of Gate Pa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Battle of Gate Pa This battle was fought on 29 April 1864 and was one of a number of engagements fought in the period 1860 - 1872 in what are known as the New Zealand Wars or the Maori Wars.
		The pa was situated on a spit of land between a swamp on one side and a river on the other.
		British dead and dying remained in the pa during the night and a Maori, before leaving the pa, gave water to a number of soldiers, including the dying Colonel Booth of the 43rd Regiment.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~Sxmitch/Battle.html (3522 words)

	Articles - Tauranga Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However the local Maori, Ngai Te Rangi, could not afford to assume that this would always be the case.
		Four hundred warriors of the tribe were mobilized, they met and held the East Coast Maori on 7 April in a two day battle on the shores of Lake Rotoiti.
		The Battle of Gate Pa Gate Pa is the name given to provocative fortress the Maori built only 5km from the main British base at Tauranga.
	www.x-moto.net /articles/Tauranga_Campaign (1605 words)

	For Glory & a Farm. Australian troops in NZ 1860 onwards
		Maoris knew that the increasing growth of the population was tipping the balance in the favour of the settlers.
		"Victorian Colonist" outlined the Maori basis of land ownership, suggesting that for the Maoris of New Zealand to comprehend the meaning of the "Queens sovereignty" was to impute to the Maori a greater understanding of the term than a natural born Englishman.
		Maoris, the New South Welshmen were told, had brought retaliation upon themselves, "the war produced by their insurrection is imposing an enormous charge upon the British Government and the Colony itself".
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-conflicts-periods/other/glory-farm.htm (20234 words)

	The Rules With No Name: Maori Wars Quartet 3
		Cameron moved his army by sea, and invested the small but well constructed entrenchment at Gate Pa. After an intensive bombardment, Cameron sent in an elite force of stormtroopers to seize the pa. The assault force consisted of an RN landing party, and the 43rd, Light infantry.
		Inside the pa, the Maori player may place 12 'flax mats' (use brownish card if no miniature flax mats in your collection!) These conceal gun pits (but the British player will not know which ones are occupied until he reaches them or the Maori open fire).
		The Maori, realising they would be unlikely to repeat their exploit the next day, vanished into the bush that night, taking many captured weapons and trophies with them.
	www.mts.net /~gisby/gatepa.htm (658 words)

	Maori Battlesites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first is is an extremely large and awe-inspiring set of Maori earthworks built in the 17th century by the Ngati Tupea, and restored in the 1930s.
		Maori facial and body tattooing is a long and painful operation, after which the tattooed is incapacitated for a few days.
		At this pa, the trenches, dwelling pits, and storage pits, are still very well preserved, restored in the 1930s.
	home.earthlink.net /~cyberkiwi/soldiers/battles.html (1011 words)

	The Battle of Gate Pa
		The Battle was noted for the sophistication of the Maori trench works and use of Anti Artillery Bunkers and the fact that the site was bombed almost continually for approximately 9 hours with minimal loss and casualties to Tauranga Maori.
		A concentrated Artillery assault on Gate Pa was launched by British troops on the morning of 29 April at around 7.15am and continued until 4.00pm with a 1 hour break for Lunch.
		This battle was to have dire consequences for Tauranga Maori as a large part of the tribes hierarchy had been killed.
	www.ngaiterangi.org.nz /page7.html (856 words)

	The Gate Pa
		The Maori battle plan devised by Rawiri Puhirake called for a further innovative addition to the pa. This was the construction of covered shallow firing positions.
		Eight mortars, two howitzers, two naval cannon, and five armstrong guns were used against the pa. The artillery fired unhampered for an hour on the 28 April and for the entire next day until a breach was finally made in the main redoubt the at 4pm.
		The British defeat convinced General Cameron of the hopelessness of continuing offensive operations against modern pa. No other attack on a pa seemed as likely to succeed as the one on Gate Pa. Extensive artillery pieces were brought to bear on the pa and the British had a huge numerical advantage.
	www.historyorb.com /nz/gate_pa.shtml (943 words)

	Tribe Against Tribe
		The pere, or Maori throwing-dart carved from manuka-wood or whalebone propelled by a throwing stick ( kotaha)- is generally only found in pa, or native forts, where large numbers of them were stockpiled to drive off attackers in the case of a siege.
		If there is no obvious entrance to a pa, or there is an obvious entrance and your figures are outside 12” of palisade of it, send two brave figures on a scouting mission to look for bolt holes.
		This was not so much a problem in Maori intertribal wars, because pa were usually scouted beforehand.
	home.earthlink.net /~cyberkiwi/soldiers/rules.html (6719 words)

	Archaeology - Cultural Tourist in New Zealand, Northland, Auckland, Coromandel
		The Bay of Islands saw the first missionary settlement, became a notorious provisioning stop for whalers and was the site of the birth of the nation, at Waitangi in 1840.
		What: A terraced pa famous for its association with the early 19th century Maori of the Bay, particularly Hongi Hika.
		The pa is ten minutes along the peripheral track from the information centre.
	www.nzarchaeology.org /northauckcoro.htm (2286 words)

	NewZealand.dk - Artikler - Skabelsen - på maori
		Maoriernes skabelsesberetning går ligesom sin kristne modpart gennem en række faser, som beskriver hvordan verden af i dag er opstået af ingenting.
		Madvarer regnes derfor af maorier for at være de laveste i hierakiet.
		Det manifesterer sig ved, at mad er bandlyst på hellige steder (tapu) og at det anses for meget taktløst at løfte et fad med madvarer henover en anden person.
	www.newzealand.dk /articles/article006.html (721 words)

	★ /Regional/Oceania/New_Zealand/Society_and_Culture/Maori/Business_and_Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Federation of Maori Authorities - Dedicated to indigenous economic development, a network of Maori communally-owned entities whose mission is for the economic advancement of its members and the communities they benefit.
		Maori Investments Limited - An investment company owned by 5,500 Maori shareholders with an 11% share in Tarawera Forests Limited.
		MDRC (virtual Maori Development Research Centre) - MDRC is the centrepoint for Maori development research, information and people.
	www.mkiwi.com /cgi-bin/ave.cgi/Regional/Oceania/New_Zealand/Society_and_Culture/Maori/Business_and_Economy (593 words)

	Oeo Pa - maori.org.nz Papa Panui - Notices \| Forums \| Iwi and Marae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Information and links on Maori culture, history, traditions, iwi, kapa haka, performing arts, carving, tattooing and more.
		Post your news in the notice section, which has topics for finding whanau (family), whanau events (tangihanga, funerals, reunions, anniversaries etc), general korero and festivals which can also be added to the calendar.
		If you make sure you are in the new Whakapapa Club ( http://whakapapa.maori.org.nz) and go to Full Search and put Oeo in, there is a marae listed there with a contact phone.
	www.maori.org.nz /papa_panui/link.asp?TOPIC_ID=622 (137 words)

	Haka Pa Maori Village : Queenstown New Zealand Adventure Accommodation & Activities Queenstown NZ
		Prepare to be delighted and entertained as they share their customs and Maori Culture with you.
		On the short trip from your Queenstown accommodation to Haka Pa Maori Village our guide will explain the passionate Powhiri, the formal welcome you are about to receive.
		Get ready to immerse yourself in Maori Culture as they share with you the customs and traditions you will encounter while visiting their Pa, or Maori Village.
	www.everythingqueenstown.com /item/113/Haka+Pa+Maori+Village (302 words)

	Haka Pa Maori Culture Queenstown New Zealand
		Prepare to be delighted and entertained as we share our customs and maori culture with you.
		On the short trip from your accommodation to Haka Pa Maori Village our guide will explain the passionate Powhiri, the formal welcome you are about to receive.
		Get ready to immerse yourself in Maori Culture as we share with you the customs and traditions you will encounter while visiting our Pa, or Maori Village.
	www.hakapa.com (255 words)

	TimeLine - Tauranga City
		Arawa Pa at Maketu destroyed by Ngaiterangi and Waikato May Ngaiterangi Pa at Te Tumu destroyed by Arawa
		Maori attend opening of new meeting house - Mataatua (Whareroa)
		Prohibition of alienation of Maori land on the Matapihi Peninsula
	ourcity.tauranga.govt.nz /heritage/timeline (629 words)

	Maori Pa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Maori Pa Maori Pa To get to the Maori Pa, we had a nice forest tramp which started at this gate.
		Along the way, we saw some strange orange mushrooms.
		Unfortunately, the Pa itself was long gone and replaced by a cattle ranch by the time we got to it.
	www.susanpence.com /~jonathan/nz/north-island/maori-pa.html (60 words)

	About the Ministry - Ministry for Culture and Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ko te kaupapa mahi a Te Manatū Taonga he tuku korero ki te Kāwana mo ngā take, ngā ture e hāngai ana i ngā kaupapa hoki e pa ana ki ngā tikanga, ngā taonga tuku iho.
		The Ministry also manages the Crown's relationship with the following agencies, which receive ongoing government funding in return for the provision of services, but which have not been established by statute and are not owned by the Crown:
		The Ministry maintains a monitoring role with regard to the New Zealand Music Industry Commission which received one-off funding in the Cultural Recovery Package of May 2000 to develop the popular music industry; and the Sir Edmund Hillary Trust, which received one-off funding in 2001/02.
	www.mch.govt.nz /introduction.html (985 words)

	TeAwanui (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Takitimu arrives at Te Awanui (original name for Tauranga Harbour) Built a pa at Maungatawa - became known as Ngati Ranginui
		Ngapuhi chief, Te Morenga destroys Matarehu Pa - on Motiti Island
		Te Waru chief of Ngaiterangi saves Otumoetai Pa - makes peace with Te Morenga at Matuaiwi Pa Samuel Marsden sees Tauranga from Mt Hikurangi (first European sighting)
	groups.msn.com /TeAwanui/taurangatimeline.msnw (627 words)

	Neil/Fred's Gigantic List of Palindromes
		A peg at lovely Tsar - a style voltage, pa.
		I met System I. I roamed under it as a tired, nude Maori.
		A was I. I saw desserts; I'd no lemons; alas, no melon.
	www.derf.net /palindromes/old.palindrome.html (1329 words)

	BookSense.com
		Just open it up to any page and you are bound to find at least one thing that you would rather die than admit liking.
		"When the U.S. Exploring Expedition leaves on its 1838 mission, its ships carry, along with a large complement of scientists, Wiki Coffin, son of a Nantucket whaler and the official linguist of the expedition, and a Maori princess.
		With dry humor, Martha Grimes takes us into the business of publishing, the lives and relationships of the authors, and the world of a unique pair of contract-killers you can't help but like.
	www.booksense.com /bspicks/dec04.jsp (2361 words)

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