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Topic: Pacal the Great

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	Pacal the Great - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pacal saw expansion of Palenque's power in the western part of the Maya states, and initiated a building program at his capital that produced some of Maya civilization's finest art and architecture.
		After his death, Pacal the Great was worshiped as a god, and said to communicate with his descendants.
		In 1952 Pacal's tomb was reopened by archaeologist Alberto Ruz Lhuillier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pacal_the_Great (336 words)

	Palenque
		This is a grand temple atop a step pyramid dedicated in 692, inside is an elaborate long heiroglyphic text carved in stone detailing the city's ruling dynasty and the exploits of Pacal the Great.
		Over his crypt is an elaborate stone showing him falling into the underworld, and taking the guise of one of the Hero Twins in the Popul Vuh who defeated the lords of the underworld to achieve imortality.
		These temples were named by early explorers; the cross like images in two of the reliefs actually depict the tree of creation at the center of the world in Maya mythology.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Palenque.html (1178 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Palenque
		Nevertheless, B'aakal produced what is arguably the best-known Maya Ajaw (king or lord), Pacal the Great, who ruled from 615 to 683, and left one of the most magnificent tomb-works of ancient Mesoamerica, beneath the Temple of Inscriptions.
		This is a grand temple atop a step pyramid dedicated in 692; inside is an elaborate, long hieroglyphic text carved in stone detailing the city's ruling dynasty and the exploits of Pacal the Great.
		They commemorate the succession of King Chan Bahlum II to the throne after the death of Pacal the Great, and show the late king passing on his greatness to his successor.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Palenque (1552 words)

	Talaria Enterprises Precolumbian Art Wall Hangings, Kukulcan (Quetzalcoatl), Aztec Solar Calendar, snake serpent, ...
		During special ceremonies, bloody papers were burnt in a sacred bowl and from it, this great undulating serpent rises and from its mouth emerges an ancestor or, occasionally, a deity.
		Pacal holds the insignia of royal power, the passing of authority will occur at the end of ten days of accession rites.
		Pacal is shown giving to his son a personified bloodletter, an instrument for bloodletting rituals and vision quests.
	www.talariaenterprises.com /product_lists/precolumbian.html (1130 words)

	Palenque, Chiapas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Discovered by archeologist Alberto Ruz, the tomb of Pacal the Great is one of the most spectacular finds in Mayan archeology.
		Located at the base of the Temple of the Inscriptions in Palenque, the tomb encloses a limestone burial sarcophagus with an enormous stone lid adorned with a splendid carving of the symbolic moment of Pacal's death.
		Pacal is entering the white road of the Milky Way, the path between the living world and Xibalbá.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /oddballs/mcog/pacaltomb.html (142 words)

	A different version of Lord Pacal
		Dominating the scene of Palenque is the Temple of the Inscriptions, the most impressive memorial to a single person in all of ancient America.
		It was built by the king whose monument it was to become - K'inich Janaab' Pakal ("Pacal the Great").
		His body was interred under the temple pyramid in the most grandiose crypt and sarcophagus known outside ancient Egypt.
	www.bibliotecapleyades.net /esp_tumba_pacal_3.htm (442 words)

	Junglecast 5: Into the Tomb of Pacal \| EchoRadio
		He was Trump, Medici, Frank Lloyd Wright and the Dalai Lama of his time: King Pacal the Great of Palenque.
		Pacal had already built a stunning tomb for himself, full of cosmology, astronomy, genealogy - not to mention a spectacular jade mask and other jewels.
		Pacal's name, rendered in syllables - pa ca la - provided one of the clues to the phonetic nature of the glyphs.
	radio.echoditto.com /node/47 (333 words)

	Galactic Research Institute - Rinri Project II.2.3. Apocalyptic Enlightenment
		Pacal Votan was the supreme true man ("Halach Uinich") because he synchronized his life with the supreme cycle of the power of time: 13 66 560 - 13 85 540, cycle 73 of the solar-galactic 52-year cycles commenced at the beginning of the 13 baktun count, BC 3113.
		The supreme true man Pacal Votan was able to establish the cycles of prophecy synchronized to the needs of the human being living in the cycle of darkness and error, equal to the enlightenment of all sages and seers.
		At the same time, the teachings of the great Pacal take totally into consideration, the cumulative historic effects of partial, lopsided sectarianism and the mutually disintegrative impact of mechanization on human consciousness - the state of the mind of the planetary human at the end of the great thirteen baktun cycle.
	www.lawoftime.org /GRI/rinri/apocalyptic.html (3612 words)

	Live Travel Guides: Palenque
		Pacal’s descendents revered him as a god, and held elaborate ceremonies on top of his tomb to appease and commune with him.
		But Pacal did not protect his worshipers: the great city of Palenque would soon vanish under the trees, vines and flowers of the tropical jungle.
		For almost a century (615-683), Palenque was ruled by Pacal the Great, who built the magnificent temple of the inscriptions which would later become his tomb.
	www.livetravelguides.com /live-list/mexico/palenque (1356 words)

	First Palenque Round Table
		PACAL [also known as Pakal, Hanab-Pakal, Pacal the Great, Lord Shield Pacal, Lord Shield-Pacal, Subject A, Sunshield, Sun-Shield, Lady 8 Flower].
		His name was probably a double name, with a personal name 'Shield' (either Pacal or Chimal ) and a lineage name 'Shield' (certainly pronounced Pacal ).
		The name Pacal is well documented as a lineage name among the Quiché, still in use throughout the sixteenth century.
	www.mesoweb.com /pari/publications/RT01/RT01_01.html (321 words)

	Chapter 8- Palenque
		It would be folly for me to try to go into great detail about the overall physical and spiritual feel of the ruins, let's just say enchanting and spellbinding, I'm sure that other ruin crawlers know the feeling.
		The remains of Pacal were found inside the sarcophagus, complete in his ceremonial attire.
		His face had been covered with a great and beautiful mask, which was made from over two hundred pieces of brilliant green jade.
	www.proearth.com /mexchron8.htm (2425 words)

	Response to Counterarguments / Appendix 5 to Maya Cosmogenesis 2012 by John Major Jenkins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Schele writes, "Pacal, the great king of Palenque, predicted in his inscriptions that the 80th Calendar Round anniversary of his accession will be celebrated eight days after the first 8000-year cycle [20 baktuns, actually = 7885 years] in which the Mayan Calendar ends...
		Pacal's twenty-baktun period is an exception; it does not speak for how his contemporaries understood when the creation cycle begins anew, nor does it reflect what the Long Count's inventors apparently had in mind (which we will get to shortly).
		With great humor at the impending serendipity of it, we both pulled out our Cholb'äl Q'ij (1994) calendar books and pointed out to each other that the day of our first meeting was 1 Hunajpu (1 Ahau, the ancient Sacred Day of Venus).
	alignment2012.com /app5.htm (2558 words)

	Palenque: The Palace (#a1_200) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This tablet shows Pacal the Great sitting on a double-headed jaguar throne just before receiving the crown from his mother, Lady Zak-Kuk.
		Pacal was 12 years old when he ascended to power and ruled for the next 68 years until his death in A.D. "Lady Kanal-Ikal [Pacal's great-grandmother] and Lady Zac-Kuk [Pacal's mother] were very unusual individuals in that they are the only women we can be sure ruled as true kings.
		Most of Pacal's successors were inaugurated into the office of king while seated on a throne that once sat below this tablet.
	mayaruins.com /palenque/a1_200.html (253 words)

	Hogar de los Planetarios Portatiles Más que un Planetario Portátil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Great Ballcourt (interior)"Chichen" contains many fine stone buildings in various states of preservation; the buildings were formerly used as temples, palaces, stages, markets, baths, and ballcourts.
		Great sculptures of Plumed Serpents run down the sides of the northern staircase, and are set off by shadows from the corner tiers on the Spring and Fall equinox.
		The end of the 13th baktun is conjectured to have been of great significance to the Maya, but does not mark the end of the world.
	www.planetarios.com /Mayas-2.htm (12008 words)

	Head Of Maya King Pacal Wall Plaque from Archaic Gifts
		King Pacal (also known as Pacal the Great) was born in the year 603 A.D. He was king of the Maya Kingdom of Palenque and is said to have reigned for 67 years until his death at the age of 80.
		Pacal expanded Palenque's power in the western part of the Maya states, and initiated a building program at his capital that produced some of the finest art and architecture of the Maya civilization.
		He accended the throne at age 12 on 29 July, 615 A.D. After his death, Pacal the Great was worshiped as a god, and said to communicate with his descendants.
	www.archaicgifts.com /display_item.php?item=ATP-4 (262 words)

	Pyramids of Mesoamerica - Crystalinks
		The Great Pyramid of Cholula, the world's largest monument and largest Pre-Columbian pyramid by volume, is a huge complex located in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico.
		The Great Pyramid or Templo Mayor was the main temple of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City).
		Maya pyramidic structures occur in a great variety of forms and functions, bounded by regional and period differences.
	www.crystalinks.com /pyramidmesoamerica.html (3186 words)

	A different version of Lord Pacal
		"Frozen in a perpetual fall, Pacal, the great ruler of Palenque, drops at the instant of death into the jaws of an underworld monster, just as the sun sinks each day in the west.
		It is a vessel returning Lord Pacal (Pacal Votan to the underworld).
		I submit that Lord Pacal is shown sitting in a tunnel car used to travel the 800 miles of subterranean passages (the 'dwelling of the thirteen snakes') to the land of the underworld and his home, Valum Chivim.
	www.bibliotecapleyades.net /esp_tumba_pacal_2.htm (1409 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This great epigrapher, who until recently had never been permitted to leave the Soviet Union to visit a Mesoamerican site, who had never seen first-hand any of the great Maya inscriptions, cracked the phonetic code of Maya hieroglyphic writing in the confines of his Leningrad study.
		Knorosov's office was, and still is, located in the blue-and- white Kunstkammer, the baroque building on the Neva built to house Peter the Great's "cabinet of curiosities" (including the skeleton of his giant manservant).
		Knorosov's great achievement lay in demonstrating that the Maya scribes could, and often did, write syllabically, each glyph standing for a consonant followed by a vowel.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/art/COE-01.ART (1852 words)

	ANTH 506 Lecture: Palenque
		Pacal (Shield) a) born in 603 b) acceded in 615 at the age of 12 c) ruled for 68 years 1) 615-683 2) began construction of Temple ca.
		GI a) oldest of the triad siblings b) associated with Venus c) may also be associated with the sun d) characteristics 1) shell earflare 2) often has shark's tooth in mouth a> may be filed into T-shape 3) occasionally has water bird on headdress e) alternative identity is Chac-Xib-Chac 2.
		lead up to katun in which Pacal, builder of the temple, was born 2.
	web.ku.edu /~hoopes/506/Lectures/Palenque.html (322 words)

	Maya Classic
		Palenque reached its zenith during the reign of Pacal the Great (AD 615-683).
		Copan was the southernmost major center of lowland Maya civilization and is famed for its artistic sculpture.
		The great Hieroglyphic Stairway was dedicated in 755 and it bears a continuous text of more than 1250 glyph blocks listing dates and names of the city's Classic Period rulers.
	www.mayatour.com /mayaclassictour.html (709 words)

	Laredo, TX to Palenque, Chis Mexico
		It consists of a ballcourt, a few small temples, a palace on top of the hill that was called thecitadel by early explorers, an interesting building originally having aroof supported by 12 columns, several terraces that held residential houses, and most remarkable a large defensive wall.
		It is known that a great drought did occur late in themillennia causing the entire civilization throughout MesoAmerica to gothrough a massive shift.
		Today this death phobiamanifests itself in such celebrations as the Day of the Dead, a day inwhich all Mexicans prepare great feasts and offerings to be heaped on thegraves of their beloved ancestors, and in some other rather macabre customs.
	www.outthereliving.com /worldbike/USACanada/wbike050.html (10448 words)

	Palenque, Mexico - Ancient Mayan City of the Jaguar
		But those that you can see are stark and dramatic, monuments to the greatness of the builders and engineers who put this city together.
		The first European to visit the ruins and publish an account was Father Pedro Lorenzo de la Nada in 1567; at the time the local Chol Maya called it Otolum meaning "Land with strong houses", de la Nada roughly translated this into Spanish to give the site the name "Palenque", meaning "fortification".
		Palenque produced what is arguably the best-known Maya king, Pacal the Great, who ruled from 615 to 683, and left one of the most magnificent tomb-works of ancient Mesoamerica, beneath the Temple of Inscriptions.
	mexicolesstraveled.com /palenque.htm (895 words)

	Palenque, Ancient Ruins of Mexico, Palenque Ruin, Palenque Mexico, Palenque Chiapas, Pacal of Palenq
		Perhaps the most famous of these rulers was Pacal of Palenque, also known as Pacal the Great.
		The name Pacal means “shield” in the Palenque Maya language and Pacal of Palenque commissioned much of the building projects that resulted in the intricate temples we see today.
		After his death, Pacal of Palenque was worshiped as a god and laid to rest in an elaborate pyramid tomb.
	www.destination360.com /north-america/mexico/palenque.php (544 words)

	- Pacal Sonata - (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Pacal was 80 years old when he died.
		Entering the ruins while the day is still cool, we will guide you through the most significant buildings, reconstructing the fascinating stories of dynasty, succession, and intrigue that are revealed in their inscriptions.
		We will also visit the modern site museum that houses a full-scale replica of the tomb of Pacal the Great that lies deep within the magnificent Temple of the Inscriptions.
	www.themayantraveler.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Pacal%20Sonata.htm (796 words)

	Biography of Pacal II The Great (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Biography of Pacal II The Great (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu)
		Pacal II, also known as Pacal the Great (the name is sometimes rendered as Pakal) (26 March 603 - 31 August 683), was king of the Maya kingdom of Palenque.
		He accended the throne at age 12 on 29 July 615, and lived to the age of 80.
	biography-2.qardinalinfo.com.cob-web.org:8888 /p/Pacal_II_The_Great.html (220 words)

	Palenque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It was to assure their places in history that Pacal the Great and Chan Bahlum built, respectively, the magnificent Temple of the Inscriptions and the Group of the Cross at Palenque.
		In the art and glyphic writing that adorns these temples, the father and son's right to rule is cleverly legitimized by likening Pacal's mother to the First Mother from the Mayan creation story.
		As a consequence, we are left with one of the most elegant depictions of the Maya cosmos that was ever created by a Classic Maya culture.
	www.cultures.com /editors/essay/palenque.html (98 words)

	Lid of the Sarcophagus of Palenque Wall Hanging Museum Reproductions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the city of Palenque, in a temple on top of a pyramid, the archaeologist Albert Lluillier found in 1952 the access to a funerary cript that houses the sarcophagus of the King Pacal Votan the Great (615-683 A.D.).
		Its teeth are enlarged to demonstrate its encompassing power.
		The pillar-like construction above Pacal"s head is the tree of life.
	www.angelsandearthlythings.com /p-91.html (77 words)

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