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Topic: Pacific temperate rain forests

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Temperate coniferous forests

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

Forest

Coast redwood

Giant Sequoia

Sitka Spruce

Biome

Pacific Northwest

Alerce

California

Redwood

Podocarpus

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Cascade Range

North America

	Temperate rain forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Temperate rain forests may be predominantly coniferous, broadleaf, or mixed forests, and occur in Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and Temperate coniferous forests ecoregions.
		The largest temperate rain forest zone on the planet, the Pacific temperate rain forests occur on west-facing coastal mountains along the Pacific coast of North America, from Kodiak Island in Alaska to northern California, and are part of the Nearctic ecozone.
		The Valdivian rain forests occur in the Valdivian temperate rain forests and Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temperate_rain_forests (731 words)

	Scholastic News: Rain Forest
		Rain forests are home to many of the fastest-growing, fastest-spreading plants in the world.
		The dominant plants in the tropical rain forest are broadleaf evergreen trees.
		Although tropical rain forests are rich in plant life, the soil in such areas is surprisingly poor—a phenomenon largely the result of the heavy rains that wash the nutrients out of the soil on almost a daily basis.
	teacher.scholastic.com /scholasticnews/indepth/rainforest/figs.asp (808 words)

	Henry Lansford's home page
		Although the rain forests of the temperate zones are not as extensive or as well publicized as those that lie between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, they are just as fragile, complex and fascinating.
		Temperate rain forests have fewer species, but they appear to support a greater biomass--total amount of living matter--per square mile, as their trees tend to be taller and more massive.
		Because the plant growth in the rain forest is so lush and the forest floor is covered with a dense mat of living and dead vegetation that can be two or three feet deep, the competition for growing space is intense--seeds have a hard time finding a place to germinate and take root.
	www.nasw.org /users/hlansford/rainforest.html (1546 words)

	Scholastic News: Rain Forest
		Other temperate rain forests are also found on the southeast coast of Chile; in Australia and New Zealand; and in some coastal areas of Norway, Japan, and Great Britain.
		The timber from temperate rain forests is considered the most valuable in the world.
		In temperate rain forests in the Northern Hemisphere, conifers (trees that produce cones) such as redwoods and Sitka spruces are often the dominant trees.
	teacher.scholastic.com /scholasticnews/indepth/rainforest/temperate.asp (190 words)

	Temperate coniferous forests - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Temperate coniferous forests are a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest.
		Temperate evergreen forests are common in the coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or mountain areas.
		Pine forests support an herbaceous understory that is generally dominated by grasses and herbaceous perennials, and are often subject to ecologically important wildfires.
	www.psychcentral.com /psypsych/Temperate_coniferous_forests (384 words)

	The Temperate Rain Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The biomass of these forests, estimated to be between 500 and 2000 metric tons per hectare, exceeds that of the tropical rain forests.
		While the climate of the Pacific Northwest varies considerably from Alaska to California, the presence of indicator trees of the temperate rain forest, namely Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock, indicates that climatically the area is unified.
		A trip to the temperate rain forests of the Pacific Northwest fills the visitor with awe at the enormity of the plant life and with a respect for nature that Native Americans of the area have held for centuries.
	www.scsc.k12.ar.us /2001Outwest/PacificNaturalHistory/Projects/LachowskyR (1700 words)

	Rainforest - Enchanted Learning Software
		Temperate rainforests are found along the Pacific coast of the USA and Canada (from northern California to Alaska), in New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile, Ireland, Scotland and Norway.
		Temperate rainforests have soil that is richer in nutrients, relatively young and less prone to damage.
		Forest people are mostly hunter-gatherers; they get their food by hunting for meat (and fishing for fish) and gathering edible plants, like starchy roots and fruit.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/rainforest/Allabout.shtml (710 words)

	Biomes and Ecozones
		The taiga is the biome of the needleleaf forest.
		Temperate rain forests are found on the western edge of North and South America, where moist air from the Pacific Ocean drops between 60 and 200 inches of rain a year.
		Tropical Forests occur near the equator, within the area bounded by latitudes 23.5 ° N and 23.5 ° S. One of the major characteristics of tropical forests is their distinct seasonality: winter is absent, and only two seasons are present - rainy and dry.
	www.aresearchguide.com /biomes.html (4759 words)

	Rain Forests of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The word "rain forest" was first coined in 1898 by a German botanist to describe forests that grow in constantly wet conditions.
		Among them are flooded mangrove forests along the salty coastlines of Southeast Asian Islands, high altitude cloud forests of South America, temperate rain forests of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and tropical forests that form large pockets of green along the Earth's equator.
		This is a rain forest poster activity for students to display in the room and also include part of the activity in their rain forest books.
	fga.freac.fsu.edu /misc/rain.htm (3274 words)

	America's Rainforests
		If the rain forest is farther away from the equator (between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer or the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn), then the forest is considered to be temperate.
		Tropical rain forests are located in the warm regions south of the Tropic of Cancer and north of the Tropic of Capricorn.
		Tropical rain forests have the greatest biodiversity, and the only tropical rain forest in the United States is found on the island of Puerto Rico.
	rainforests.pwnet.org /4students/index.php (1999 words)

	Interesting Thing of the Day: Temperate Rain Forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When evergreen forests appear along the coast of a landmass with mountains on the other side, the mountains tend to trap the moist air blowing in from the sea, producing an unusually heavy rainfall in the forest.
		In a temperate rain forest, by contrast, most of the animal life is on or near the ground.
		I must say, too, that temperate rain forests are much more comfortable to visit—fewer flying insects, poisonous animals, and so on, not to mention more tolerable temperatures—although you don’t get to see all the brightly colored birds, howling monkeys, and other exotic animals that are typical of the tropical rain forest.
	itotd.com /index.alt?ArticleID=230 (975 words)

	About Coastal Temperate Rain Forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Temperate rain forests have, since the mid-20th century, been recognized as a distinct biome type.
		These forests stand mainly in watersheds that empty directly into saltwater and, as a result, are fundamentally shaped by the cycling of water and nutrients between land and sea.
		In virtually every stretch of the eight thousand kilometer coastline that supports these forests around the world, residents are seeking to diversify local economies and to capture more of the value of the raw materials harvested and exported from the rain forest fringe.
	www.inforain.org /about_ctrf.htm (379 words)

	Rain Forest - Olympic National Park
		The temperate rain forest in the valleys of the Quinault, Queets, and Hoh rivers are protected and contain some of the most spectacular examples of undisturbed Sitka spruce/western hemlock forests in the lower 48 states.
		This ecosystem stretches along the Pacific Coast from Oregon to Alaska; other temperate rain forests are found in several isolated areas throughout the world.
		Seldom does the temperature drop below freezing in the rain forest and summertime highs rarely exceed 80 F. The dominant species in the rain forest are Sitka spruce and western hemlock; some grow to tremendous size, reaching 300 feet in height and 23 feet in circumference.
	www.nps.gov /olym/edurain.htm (321 words)

	CPD: South America, Site SA45, Temperate Rain Forest, Chile
		Conditions for rain forest in southern South America are provided by the Andean Cordillera intercepting strong westerly winds along the Pacific coast during winter and summer months and the cool northward-flowing oceanic Humboldt Current maintaining humid and foggy conditions in coastal locations.
		The cool-temperate rain forest is most appropriately considered a mosaic of floristic types responding locally to key environmental gradients and soil conditions, reflected in gradual shifts in dominance and species richness.
		Forests were destroyed as the land was cleared for settlements and agriculture, and trees were cut for construction materials and fuelwood.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/sa/sa45.htm (4307 words)

	Tropical Forest and Cotton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rain forest does not only grow in the tropics, but wherever the climatic conditions are conducive.
		Tropical rain forest grows where the mean annual temperature is about 26° C (79° F) and annual rainfall is about 4000 mm.
		Because of the climate and forest structure, dry forest is easier to clear for agriculture, the soil is more fertile than that of rain forests, and the land is more suitable for livestock.
	proyectotiti.com /Pages/forests.htm (2134 words)

	K4 Modules: Biomes
		Temperate rain forests are found in the Pacific Northwest region in the United States.
		Temperate rain forests are similar to both tropical forests and temperate forests.
		The trees in temperate rain forests are among the oldest in the world.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/k4/teacher/biomes/Boverview2.html (619 words)

	Biomes of North America by James L. Reveal: Temperate Rain Forests
		The forest is dominated by giant trees, once ancient, and formed a dense barrier to the inland mountains when the early Spanish, English, Russian, French and even American ship-bound explorers visited the regions in the late 1700s and early 1800s.
		White spruce, a boreal forest species, is found in the north, and along the eastern edge of the temperate rain forest biome, its resident conifers intermix with those typical of the Sierra-Cascade montane forest.
		Fire suppression since the early 1900s in temperate rain forests resulted in a massive accumulation of debris on the forest floor.
	www.life.umd.edu /emeritus/reveal/pbio/biome/temp.html (892 words)

	ArthurDorros.com - All About Books - Rain Forest Secrets, Arthur Dorros (1990) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		My interest in rain forests was enlivened early, when at age four I sat surrounded by tropical vegetation, palm trees and alligators.
		When I was grown I traveled to temperate rain forests on the West Coast of North America first, encountered trees so large that ten people with their arms outstretched could not surround the tree trunks, then went to tropical rain forests in Central and South America, Australia and Asia.
		Now in the Pacific Northwest, in the temperate rain forests that remain, I see bobcats, eagles, elk, all kinds of animals, and in the patches of ancient forest--giant trees thousands of years old--older and larger than tropical rain forest trees.
	www.arthurdorros.com /books/rainforestsecrets.html (770 words)

	Ecotrust Publications - Characteristics of the Coastal Temperate Rain Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Coastal temperate rain forests are found in wet, cool climates where the collision of marine air and coastal mountains causes large amounts of rainfall.
		The worldwide distribution of coastal temperate rain forests has always been limited and today much of their remaining thirty to forty million hectares is located in Chile and along the Pacific Northwest of North America.
		In effect, the high tide line does not bound the coastal rain forest ecosystem: the forest influences the abundance and distribution of coastal sea life, and a number of animal species return the favor by carrying marine nutrients back into coastal watersheds.
	www.ecotrust.org /publications/CTRF.HTML (772 words)

	The Rain Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Already there are many of these products on the market, from rain forest cereals and nuts to coffee and spices, even ice cream and chances are you'll find some of them at your local grocery store.
		Rain forest ingredients can also be found in some personal care products.
		Unlike the tropical variety, these rain forests are temperate, meaning they have a mild climate, and they are dominated by huge trees.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Vines/3995/rainforest.html (1153 words)

	U-Haul SuperGraphics: Washington
		The ancient rain forests that lie within Olympic National Park are the largest and best-preserved virgin rain forests in the continental United States.
		The four predominant conifers found in the Hoh Rain Forest are the Sitka spruce, western hemlock, western red cedar and Douglas-fir.
		There are several hallmarks, that for a biologist that set temperate rain forests aside form other types of forests in the northern U.S. One of them, of course, I mentioned before, was the presence of Sitka spruce that we think of as a type of tree.
	www.uhaul.com /supergraphics/rainforest/ecosystem2.html (871 words)

	The Rainforests: I. Rainforests: What they are and where they're found...
		Temperate rainforests are much younger than their tropical relatives.
		The soil in temperate forests are full of much more nutrients than that of the tropics.
		Temperate rainforests are located along the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States, and are also found in New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile, Ireland, as well as Scotland and Norway.
	www.davesite.com /rainforests/review1.shtml (369 words)

	Raincoast Conservation Rainforest Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Coastal temperate rainforests are primarily found in the coastal regions of North America, New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile and Argentina.
		BC's coastal temperate rainforests are characterized by some of the oldest and largest trees on Earth, the most common of which are Sitka spruce, red cedar, western hemlock, amabilis and Douglas fir.
		These coastal forests have evolved to their biological splendour because natural disturbances, such as fires, happen infrequently and are usually small in scale.
	www.raincoast.org /proj-rainforest/index.shtml (429 words)

	Temperate Forests
		The temperate cool rainforests occur poleward of the Mediterranean region, 40°- 60° N and S latitude, along the western coast of continents under the influence of the westerlies (roaring forties, furious fifties, screaming sixties; latter doesn't hit the southern continents)
		The moist subtropical forests form on eastern edges of continents between 30° and 35° under the influence of moist and warm air moving out from the western sides of the oceanic subtropical high pressure systems (i.e., the easterly trades and monsoons).
		Coniferous forests are mainly found in broad circumpolar belt across the northern hemisphere and on mountain ranges where low temperatures limit the growing season to a few months each year; thus too unfavorable for most hardwoods.
	www.botany.wisc.edu /courses/botany_422/Lecture/Lect11TempForests.html (981 words)

	The Temperate Rain Forest
		Unlike the tropical rain forest, the temporate rain forest has seasonal varition, with summer temperatures rising to about 80 degrees Fahrenheit and winter temperatures dropping to near freezing.
		Although this rain forest has layers of tall, medium, and low growing vegetation, the cool winters limit the numbers and kinds of life forms that live here.
		For example, the topmost layer of the temperate rain forest on the western edge of North America is dominated by four kinds of tall coniferous trees.
	curriculum.calstatela.edu /courses/builders/lessons/less/biomes/rainforest/temp_rain/temprain.html (576 words)

	Rainforest Facts
		Rains come and wash away the thin topsoil that was previously protected by the canopy, and this barren, infertile land is vulnerable to erosion.
		This type of government-driven destruction of rainforest land is promoted by a common attitude among governments in rainforest regions, an attitude that the forest is an economic resource to be harnessed to aid in the development of their countries.
		This much-needed income source creates the awareness and economic incentive for this population in the rainforest to protect and preserve the forests for long-term profits for themselves and their children and is an important solution in saving the rainforest from destruction.
	www.rain-tree.com /facts.htm (8355 words)

	Canopy photosynthetic and respiration processes in Pacific Northwest forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Obtaining estimates of net carbon exchange for old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest region is a primary objective of the WESTGEC program as a whole.
		The temperate rain forests of the Pacific Northwest region of the North America are thought to be exceptional in two respects.
		Asymptotic height as a predictor of photosynthetic characteristics in Malaysian rain forest trees.
	nigec.ucdavis.edu /publications/ar/annual98/western/project47.html (3446 words)

	Biomes
		In the Western Hemisphere, the tropical rain forest reaches its fullest development in the jungles of Central and South America.
		The tropical rain forest exceeds all the other biomes in the diversity of its animals as well as plants.
		The closest thing to a tropical rain forest in the continental United States are the little wooded "islands" found scattered through the Everglades in the southern tip of Florida.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/Biomes.html (1564 words)

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