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	Columbia Encyclopedia- Ghent - AOL Research & Learn
		Flemish painting flourished in Ghent under the Burgundian dynasty (15th cent.); Hugo van der Goes worked there most of his life, and the world-famous masterpiece of the Van Eyck brothers, The Adoration of the Lamb, is the altarpiece of the Cathedral of St. Bavo.
		Ghent later joined (1576) William the Silent in the revolt of the Netherlands and Flanders against Spain.
		The Pacification of Ghent, signed in November of the same year, was an alliance of the provinces of the Netherlands for the purpose of driving the Spanish from the country.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/ghent/20051206030209990014 (627 words)

	Ghent Encyclopedia Article @ Stocksworth.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		GHENT -- Brenda Thomas is a cook at LakeFront Restaurant, a small diner in Ghent.
		Ghent established a nice blend between comfort of living and history – it is not a city-museum.
		Ghent University and a number of reasearch oriented companies are situated in the centre and southern part.
	www.stocksworth.com /encyclopedia/Ghent (1431 words)

	Ghent, Belgium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ghent (Gent in flemish, Gand in french) is the main city of East-Flanders, one of the 4 (5?) provinces that make up Flanders.
		This is where the Pacification of Ghent, a peace treaty between Protestants and Catholics, was signed in 1576.
		The picture of the Belfort was taken by a friend of mine, Francoise Beaufays, during the Gentse Feesten ("Festivities of Ghent") this summer.
	www.cs.unm.edu /~patrik/ghent.html (504 words)

	Ghent / Gent / Gand, Belgium
		The old city of Ghent (Flemish Gent; French Gand), capital of the province of Oost- Vlaanderen and seat of the university, is situated on the confluence of the Scheldt and the Leie, the many branches of which intersect the city.
		Ghent fell to the Habsburgs on Maria of Burgundy's marriage to the future Emperor Maximilian.
		In 1576 the "Pacification of Ghent" was signed in the city, a peace and friendship league between the general states and the southern provinces of the Spanish Netherlands.
	www.planetware.com /belgium/ghent-gent-gand-b-ov-ggg.htm (909 words)

	Ghent - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The earliest charter to the citizens of Ghent was that granted by Count Philip of Flanders between 1169 and 1191.
		In the long struggle of the Netherlands against Spain, Ghent took a conspicuous part, and it was here that, on the 8th of November 1576, was signed the instrument, known as the Pacification of Ghent, which established the league against Spanish tyranny.
		The horrors of war and of religious persecution, and the consequent emigration or expulsion of its inhabitants, had wrecked the prosperity of Ghent, the recovery of which was made impossible by the closing of the Scheldt.
	www.1911ency.org /Ghent (1967 words)

	Pacification of Ghent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pacification of Ghent, signed on November 8 of 1576, was an alliance of the provinces of the Netherlands for the purpose of driving the Spanish from the country.
		Orange saw the Pacification of Ghent as the realisation of his ultimate ambition, a United Netherlands strong enough to resist Philip's interference.
		He did not want a independent Netherlands, the Pacification itself clearly states the Netherlands continued to allegiance to Philip II and the Spanish crown, but he did want a return to the rights and privileges granted under Charles V and more importantly freedom of religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pacification_of_Ghent (544 words)

	Ghent
		Ghent (once Gaunt in English, Gent in Dutch, Gand in French) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of East Flanders, of which it is the capital.
		Ghent was a city where the wool-industry originally established at Bruges (Brugge) created the first European industrialized zone in the High Middle Ages; the mercantile zone was so highly-developed that wool had to be imported from England.
		Ghent was the birthplace of Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, Charles V, and of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.
	www.paleorama.com /Lakes-G/Ghent.php (1091 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for pacification
		"Unbeknownst" to Lincoln; a note on radical pacification in Missouri during the Civil War.
		These are MACV (Military Assistance Command, Vietnam) personnel who were lectured monthly on the progress of pacification.
		Radek community: violence et pacification symboliques dans l'art contestataire postsovietique.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=pacification (682 words)

	History Of The Netherlands - Ch. 10
		Frequent naval enterprises were also undertaken against the frontiers of Flanders; and while the naval forces thus harassed the enemy on every vulnerable point, the unfortunate provinces of the interior were ravaged by the mutinous and revolted Spaniards, and by the native brigands, who pillaged both royalists and patriots with atrocious impartiality.
		They still held the citadels of Ghent and Antwerp, as well as Maestricht, which they had seized on, sacked, and pillaged with all the fury which a barbarous enemy inflicts on a town carried by assault.
		On the 3d of November, the other body of mutineers, in possession of Alost, marched to the support of their fellow brigands in the citadel of Antwerp; and both, simultaneously attacking this magnificent city, became masters of it in all points, in spite of a vigorous resistance on the part of the citizens.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles36/netherlands-10.shtml (2647 words)

	Eighty Years' War - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, born in Ghent and raised in the Netherlands, inherited the Burgundian lands and the Spanish kingdom, which had become a worldwide empire with the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
		The Netherlands negotiated an internal treaty the Pacification of Ghent, which stipulated a retreat of the Spanish army and religious tolerance from both sides.
		On January 6 1579, prompted by the new Spanish governor Alexander Farnese (Duke of Parma) and upset by aggressive Calvinism of the Northern States, the Southern States (today mostly in France and part of Wallonia) signed the Union of Atrecht (Arras), expressing their loyalty to the Spanish king.
	arikah.com /encyclopedia/Dutch_Revolt (4288 words)

	GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr.... - Online Information article about GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr.... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		saint of Ghent, was a nobleman converted by St Amandus, the apostle of Flanders.
		charter to the citizens of Ghent was that granted by Count Philip of Flanders between 1169 and 1191.
		expulsion of its inhabitants, had wrecked the prosperity of Ghent, the recovery of which was made impossible by the closing of the Scheldt.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GEO_GNU/GHENT_Flem_Gent_Fr_Gand_.html (2788 words)

	The Film Festivals Server - Ghent
		The city's population is known to be headstrong and they rose in revolt on a number of occasions through the centuries, which often resulted in punishment being metred out to the rebellious inhabitants.
		In 1540, Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, stormed Ghent, abolished its privileges and built a new castle at the city's expense.
		It's situated at the foot of the Belfort and in the shadow of the Town Hall in Ghent's historic centre.
	www.filmfestivals.com /ghent/ggcity.htm (715 words)

	Ghent - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		FLANDERS GHENT: Growing excitement; Flower festivals, boat trips and great food make Ghent irresistible.
		Glorious Ghent _ the Virginia neighborhood that's as dignified as diverse.(Coastal Living Magazine)
		Belgium's Ghent and Bruges: the Belle and the Bohemian.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ghent.html (770 words)

	Ghent : Attractions \| Frommers.com
		The "Three Towers of Ghent" you often hear referred to are St. Bavo's Cathedral, the Belfry, and St. Nicholas's Church, which form a virtually straight line pointing towards St. Michael's Bridge.
		The statue of Jacob van Artevelde that stands in the square is a tribute to a 14th-century rebel leader; its base is adorned with the shields of some 52 guilds.
		Among the highlights across the water on Korenlei are no. 7, from 1739, a Flemish baroque building called Het Anker (the Anchor), with the roof a gilded sailing ship, which was the Gildehuis van de Onvrije Schippers (House of the Tied Boatmen); and no. 9, the 16th-century De Zwane (The Swan), formerly a brewery.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/ghent/3095010029.html (888 words)

	Eighty Years' War Encyclopedia Article @ Hostilities.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pacification of Ghent, which stipulated a retreat of the Spanish army and religious tolerance from both sides.
		This meant the end of the cooperation aimed at a level of independence among the 17 Netherlands, agreed upon only three years previously in the pacification of Ghent.
		Ghent, Brussels and Antwerp joined the Union of Utrecht.
	www.hostilities.org /encyclopedia/Eighty_Years'_War (4398 words)

	Ghent, pacification of ghent, ghent west virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Henry of Ghent, who taught initially in the Faculty of Arts in Paris before 1276 and subsequently in the Faculty of Theology in Paris from 1276 until his.
		Ghent, Treaty of, 1814, agreement ending the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain ghent.
		Ghent combines fine architecture with 1400 years of history and the liveliness of a university town.
	art-cinema.org /ghent.html (363 words)

	Site Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1576, the “Pacification of Ghent” was signed in de “Pacificatiezaal”, a treaty which obliged all Low Country provinces to unite against the occupying Spanish troops.
		Today it is the administrative centre of Ghent and is only to be visited with an organized tour.
		Its tower from 1300 was the first belfry of Ghent and still another landmark of the city.
	www.jack-travel.com /Belgium/Html/ghent_Belfry_Townhall_Nicolas.htm (566 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		It was arranged that a Congress should be held at Ghent, at which nine delegates from the Prince of Orange and the Provinces of Holland and Zeeland should meet nine from the States General representing the other fifteen Provinces, with the object of concluding a firm union and alliance for the pacification of the country.
		This treaty, known in history as the Pacification of Ghent, established a firm alliance and inviolable peace between the Provinces represented by the States General assembled at Brussels on the one part, and by the Prince of Orange and the States of Holland and Zeeland on the other.
		In January, 1577, the compact of Ghent, which was of the nature of a treaty between Holland and Zeeland and the other Provinces, received a popular confirmation by means of an agreement, which met with large support especially throughout the southern Provinces, and to which was given the name of the Union of Brussels.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh307.html (17424 words)

	Europe in the Age of the Reformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It began in Poperinghe on the 14th, in Oudenarde on the 18th, Antwerp on the 20th, Ghent and Amsterdam on the 22nd, Leyden and Delft on the 23rd, Utrecht on the 25th.
		In Ghent, the radicals caused the arrest of Aerschot and the leading members of the States of Flanders, and the old government that had been dismantled by Charles V in 1540 was re-established.
		This was a violation of the spirit of the Pacification, which envisioned all parties standing pat until the subject could be treated at the national level.
	www.boisestate.edu /courses/reformation/netherlands/revolt.shtml (7559 words)

	Pet : Pets
		The horrible massacre of soldiers, caused the awful outbreak to be called the "Spanish Fury." The terrible state of affairs led to an alliance between Holland and history as the Pacification of Ghent (1576).
		The resistance to the Spanish several states.html">states, the Prince of Orange having hitherto found it impossible But the awful experiences of the Spanish Fury taught the necessity of driving the Spaniards from the Netherlands, and in securing full liberty of Stadtholder, was placed at the head of the union.html">union.
		Under the leadership of into a powerful nation, that might now be reckoned among the great powers animating spirit of the confederacy formed by the treaty of Utrecht.
	www.findword.org /pe/pets.html (287 words)

	A General History For Colleges And High Schools By P.V.N. Myers, A.M- part-6 Chapter 4 from Nalanda Digital Library at ...
		PACIFICATION OF GHENT (1576).--The year 1576 was marked by a revolt of the Spanish soldiers, on account of their not receiving their pay, the costly war having drained Philip's treasury.
		In the eyes of Philip and his viceroys he appeared the sole obstacle in the way of the pacification of the provinces and their return to civil and ecclesiastical obedience.
		Europe at last grew weary of the seemingly interminable struggle, and the Spanish commanders becoming convinced that it was impossible to reduce the Dutch rebels to obedience by force of arms, negotiations were entered into, and by the celebrated treaty of 1609, comparative peace was secured to Christendom.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/genhist/part-6chapter4.html (2617 words)

	History of Holland - Chapter V: William the Silent (by George Edmundson)
		In vain did Orange, who throughout his later life was a genuine and earnest advocate of religious toleration, strive to the utmost of his powers and with untiring patience to allay the suspicions and fears of the zealots.
		John Casimir at Ghent, in the fervour of his fanatical Calvinism, committed acts of violence and oppression, which had the very worst effect in the Walloon provinces.
		As a statesman he had failed to accomplish that union of the Netherlands, north and south, which at one triumphant moment had seemed to be well-nigh realised by the Pacification of Ghent.
	www.authorama.com /history-of-holland-7.html (4636 words)

	Ghent: History
		, Ghent developed around a fortress built (early 10th cent.) by the first count of Flanders on a small island.
		Ghent later joined (1576) William the Silent in the revolt of the
		For a time Ghent was a city-republic under Calvinist domination, but its capture (1584) by the Spanish under Alessandro
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0858410.html (433 words)

	Ghent : Attractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ghent's historic monuments have not all been prettified.
		In its Pacificatiezaal (Pacification Room), the Pacification of Ghent was signed in 1567.
		The Town Hall can be visited on guided tours (May-Oct Mon-Thurs 3pm) that depart from the tourist office in the Belfry cellar.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=3095&catID=3095010029 (889 words)

	Peace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nonviolence: set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals.
		Pacifism: opposition to the use of force to settle disagreements, specifically the taking up of arms in war.
		Peace and Conflict Studies: interdisciplinary inquiry into war as human condition and peace as human potential, as an alternative to the traditional Polemology and the strategies taught at Military academies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pacify (3156 words)

	dreamdust
		"A policy of pacification and reconciliation could only succeed if the army were kept under firm control, but the early 1570s...were a time of acute financial difficulty for Philip." Over time, Philip had to deal with the Turks in the Mediterranean, the preservation of Catholicism in France, and the Armada in 1588 among other efforts.
		However, when these reinforcements were to travel through the English Channel to reach the Netherlands - the only route by sea - they were defeated by Admiral Tromp at the Battle of the Downs.
		The Dutch attempted to bring an end to the revolt by forming the Pacification of Ghent in 1576, which united the Dutch rebel and obedient provinces against the common enemy of the mutineers.
	www.dreamdust.co.uk /work/outcome.html (1993 words)

	Brown IceBlogs » Blog Archive » Ghent, Pacification Of
		Brown IceBlogs » Blog Archive » Ghent, Pacification Of Brown IceBlogs
		The Pacification of Ghent called for the expulsion of Spanish troops from the Low Countries, …
		This entry was posted on Thursday, September 23rd, 2004 at 9:53 pm and is filed under brown.
	brown.iceblogs.com /?p=499 (117 words)

	Newsletter No. 7 from naxos.com, the web site of Naxos and Marco Polo, November 10, 2000
		A large proportion of Benoit's oeuvres is vocal, including a number of oratorios and cantatas.
		The orchestral suite "The Pacification of Ghent" was written for the theatre as a lyric drama.
		It is full of dramatic elements and we could hear a sample of his orchestral writing in this excerpt.
	www.naxos.com /mainsite/newsletters/112000 (1250 words)

	::The Revolt of the Netherlands::
		However, he had concentrated on cities in the south such as Ypres, Ghent and Antwerp where religious dissent was strongest.
		The north and southern armies united in the ‘Pacification of Ghent" which suspended all religious issues until a time that the Estates-General could agree on a religious settlement.
		Ghent set up a council based on the model of Brussels.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /revolt_of_netherlands.htm (5020 words)

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