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	Introduction to ASN.1 and the Packed Encoding Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Introduction to ASN.1 and the Packed Encoding Rules
		The Basic Encoding Rules (BER) were the orignal rules for taking an ASN.1 data type, and turning it into a sequence of bits and bytes.
		PER encodings are not always aligned on byte boundaries- if the 'aligned' variant of the rules is used, then strings will be aligned - otherwise the encoding is treated as a string of bits, allowing things like booleans and small integers to be squished together in one byte.
	www.w3.org /Protocols/HTTP-NG/asn1.html (697 words)

	H245Appendix1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		PER is much more efficient since only data values are encoded and the coding is designed with very little redundancy.
		The encoding has one bit for the extension marker, two bits for the optional fields, two bits each for any optional field that is present, one bit for the boolean and then any extension data.
		This is encoded as the data encoded with the BER (see Recommendation X.690) preceded by the length of that encoding in octets.
	www.public.asu.edu /~akoglu/tutorial/H245Appendix1.html (1041 words)

	Decoding H.245 ASN.1 Extension Additions (Q62)
		Whereas the choice index for a chosen alternative that lies within the extension root is encoded as a constrained integer, the choice index for a chosen alternative that does not fall within the extension root (an extension addition) is encoded as a normally small non-negative whole number with lower bound of 0.
		The decoder should not care whether there are zero, one, or several octets, though--if it recognizes the chosen alternative, it decodes the contents of the extension addition, possibly ignoring the length field entirely; if it does not recognize the extension addition, it skips over the specified number of octets and continues decoding.
		Finally, the extension additions are encoded as open type fields (see section 3) in the order in which they are defined.
	www.packetizer.com /in/q62.html (1535 words)

	ASN.1 Compiler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Basic encoding rules (BER): The basic encoding rules prefixes each component of the PDU by an identifying tag and the data length.
		These encoding rules are very simple but space consuming and are mostly used for the encoding in old standards.
		Packed encoding rules (PER): The packed encoding rules encode the values in a very compact format and are often using the minimum number of bits required.
	www.asn1c.com /asn1c (204 words)

	OSS Nokalva - Encoding Rules
		ASN.1 encoding rules are sets of rules used to transform data specified in the ASN.1 language into a standard format that can be decoded on any system that has a decoder based on the same set of rules.
		PER is more recent than the above sets of encoding rules and is noted for its efficient algorithms that result in faster and more compact encodings than BER.
		PER is used in applications that are bandwidth or CPU starved, such as air traffic control and audiovisual telecommunications.
	www.oss.com /asn1/rules.html (406 words)

	A quick look at PER (Packed Encoding Rules) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The PER encoding is much more akin to the sorts of encodings produced by the “bits and bytes” approach described earlier, and is generally much more efficient that with BER.
		PER has its own mechanisms of resolving potential ambiguity, and of enabling version 1 systems to detect and to delimit added version 2 material.
		However, the same ASN.1 notation for type definitions is still used, and the rules on providing unambiguous tags (in case they are needed for a BER encoding!) are still present as “rules for writing correct ASN.1”.
	www.larmouth.demon.co.uk /tutorials/tagging/tsld016.htm (267 words)

	'PER' @ encyclopaediaOnline: the FREE online encyclopaedia (encyclopedia), dictionary, and grammar reference site
		Par, prep.] Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself.
		Per is also sometimes used with English words.
		by the hundred; in the hundred; — used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent.
	www.encyclopaediaonline.com /article.asp?topic=PER (132 words)

	Basic encoding rules - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Basic encoding rules (BER) are ASN.1 encoding rules for producing self-identifying and self-delimiting transfer syntax for data structures described in ASN.1 notations.
		BER is a self-identifying and self-delimiting encoding scheme, which means that each data value can be identified, extracted and decoded individually.
		Huw Rogers once described BER as "a triumph of bloated theory over clean implementation".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basic_encoding_rules (133 words)

	packed encoding rules - BlueRider.com
		(PER) ASN.1 encoding rules for producing a compact transfer syntax for data structures described in ASN.1, defined in 1994.
		PER provides a much more compact encoding then BER.
		The compactness requires that the decoder knows the complete abstract syntax of the data structure to be decoded, however.
	packed_encoding_rules.bluerider.com /wordsearch/packed_encoding_rules (60 words)

	Cover Pages: XML Encoding Rules for ASN.1 (XER)
		When BER (Basic Encoding Rules) is applied to the ASN.1 expressions, data structures are encoded as octets in the form of tag, length, and value (or an indefinite length value is delimited by an end-tag).
		The task of defining a standard set of rules to achieve lossless and reversible transform between ASN.1 and XML is feasible because of the similarity in how each represents data structures: XML provides a facility for representing character string data structures.
		XML defines markup rules in which a data structure is encoded as a tag, value, and end-tag.
	xml.coverpages.org /xer.html (1920 words)

	Per
		Per annum, by the year; in each successive year; annually.
		per cent, Per centum, percent, by the hundred; in the
		shortened form per cent; as, 5 is ten per cent of 50.
	dictionary-x.com /Per.html (320 words)

	: Index
		This is the abstract base class for the PER encode and decode trace handler derived classes.
		This is a base interface for encoding of ASN.1 messages as specified in the XML Encoding Rules (XER) as specified in the ITU-T X.693 standard.
		The choice index value is used with the packed encoding rules (PER) when this object is used to encode/decode a choice extension.
	www.obj-sys.com /v56doc/Java/index-all.html (6460 words)

	ASN.1: Abstract Syntax Notation One
		It provides a set of formal rules for describing the structure of objects regardless of language implementation and physical representation of these data, whatever the application, whether complex or very simple.
		These encoding rules describe how the values defined in ASN.1 should be encoded for transmission, regardless of machine, programming language, or how it is represented in an application program.
		Because ASN.1 has been an international standard since 1984, its encoding rules are mature and have a long track record of reliability and interoperability.
	www.javvin.com /protocolASN1.html (440 words)

	Product Design Service :: Voip :: WIPASN Compiler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Packed Encoding rules used for the implementation are specified in ITU-T Recommendation X-691.
		Basic-aligned-variant PER encoding of ASN.1 data types to generate transfer syntax as specified in ITU-T Recommendation X-691.
		Basic-aligned-variant PER decoding of ASN.1 data types to transfer syntax to generate corresponding data values.
	www.wipro.com /prodesign/reusableframeworks/voip/wipasn.htm (298 words)

	[No title]
		Currently there is a gap in the formal specification techniques relative to the definition of encoding rules.
		The development of advanced encoding control will greatly extend the use of ASN.1 in protocol specifications which presently use other less formal notations due to the implied encoding restrictions of the current language.
		In addition, the demands of new technologies will cause a proliferation of nonstandardized, informal encoding rules which will be specific to a very narrow field of application and it is unlikely that these will be supported by automatic tools.
	portal.etsi.org /STFs/ToR/tor169.doc (543 words)

	pack from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(PER) ASN.1 encoding rules for producing a compact transfer syntax for data structures described in ASN.1, defined in 1994.
		Nearby terms: Packard Bell Electronics, Inc. « packed decimal « Packed Encoding Rules « packet » Packet Assembler/Disassembler » packet driver » Packet in Plastic Grid Array
		Packing many small related files together before a MacBinary transfer or a translation to BinHex 4.0 is common practice.
	gd.tuwien.ac.at /study/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?pack (1510 words)

	Publication Details - AS/NZS 8825.2:1998 Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules - Specification of packed ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This Recommendation International Standard specifies a set of Packed Encoding Rules that may be used to derive a transfer syntax for values of types defined in ITU-T Rec.
		û are intended for use in circumstances where minimizing the size of the representation of values is the major concern in the choice of encoding rules;
		Specifies a set of encoding rules (packed encoding rules) which may be used to derive a transfer syntax for type values defined using ASN.1 notation.
	www.standards.com.au /Catalogue/script/Details.asp?DocN=stds000017282 (428 words)

	Open Source ASN.1 Compiler: asn1c 0.9.18
		The supported sets of encoding rules are ITU-T Rec.
		The most widely used ones are BER (Basic Encoding Rules), CER (Canonical-), DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules), PER (Packed Encoding Rules) and XER (XML Encoding Rules).
		If it receives less data then required, it will process as much as possible and may be invoked again later, when the next chunk of data becomes available.
	lionet.info /asn1c (619 words)

	Project 521_2, ISO/IEC 8825-2:1998
		International Standard specifies a set of Packed Encoding Rules that may be used to derive a transfer syntax for values of types defined in ITU-T Rec.
		These Packed Encoding Rules are also to be applied for decoding such a transfer syntax in order to identify the data values being transferred.
		- are intended for use in circumstances where minimizing the size of the representation of values is the major concern in the choice of encoding rules;
	www.ncits.org /scopes/521_2.htm (135 words)

	IP Networks (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Unlike the ASN.1 Packed Encoding Rules (PER) [123] and Basic Encoding Rules (BER) [124], a SIP header is largely self-describing.
		Even if an extension has not been formally documented, as was the case for many common email headers, it is usually easy to reverse-engineer them.
		59 Measurement and modelling of the temporal dependence in pack..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /schulzrinne00ip.html (1625 words)

	packe from FOLDOC
		Nearby terms: PABX « PACE « Packard Bell Electronics, Inc. « packed decimal » Packed Encoding Rules » packet » Packet Assembler/Disassembler
		Nearby terms: PACE « Packard Bell Electronics, Inc. « packed decimal « Packed Encoding Rules » packet » Packet Assembler/Disassembler » packet driver
		Nearby terms: Packed Encoding Rules « packet « Packet Assembler/Disassembler « packet driver » Packet in Plastic Grid Array » Packet InterNet Groper » packet radio
	wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk /foldoc/foldoc.cgi?packe (1026 words)

	[openh323] which is the best book for Packed Encoding rules? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Previous message: [openh323] which is the best book for Packed Encoding rules?
		On Sat, 5 Aug 2000 10:55:22 -0400 Alias George wrote: > Hi All, > > In H225 and H245 which encoding rules are used?
		To unsubscribe send email to openh323-request@openh323.org with the text "unsubscribe" in the body of the message.
	www.openh323.org /pipermail/openh323/2000-August/040299.html (255 words)

	Re: Request: Techniques for reducing the size of XML instances
		John Evdemon wrote: > > ASN.1 defines Basic Encoding Rules (BER) and Packed Encoding Rules (PER) > that translate into compressed bytes 'over the wire'.
		XML Encoding Rules > (XER) provide guidelines for mapping BER to XML.
		More on XER: > http://asf.gils.net/xer/ The 'official' link for (ITU-TISO) XER (also called ASN.1 Markup Language) is: http://asn1.elibel.tm.fr/xml/ Even though the standardized XER rules took benefit of those who were pointing to, they are not exactly the same.
	www.stylusstudio.com /xmldev/200107/post41110.html (214 words)

	OSS Nokalva - ASN.1 Courses
		The 3-day training is a combination of the Basic and Advanced courses encompassing ASN.1 concepts, techniques, Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Packed Encoding Rules and Distinguished Encoding Rules.
		Although this course does not cover the OSS ASN.1 Tools, students will be given ample time to ask specific questions relating to the OSS Tools.
		With all OSS courses, you will get plenty of hands-on experience defining, encoding and decoding ASN.1 messages.
	www.oss.com /services/training.html (303 words)

	Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) - Techabulary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ASN.1 is an ITU standard that allows one to define messages and message contents to be exchanged betweeen communicating systems in a manner that is independent of the underlying encoding of the messages.
		The messages may be encoded using any number of message encoding rules, including
		See Also: Packed Encoding Rules (PER), Basic Encoding Rules (BER), XML Encoding Rules (XER)
	www.techabulary.com /a/asn1.html (82 words)

	Packed Encoding Rules (PER) - Techabulary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Packed Encoding Rules is an encoding specification used by systems that use
		The name "packed encoding rules" was chosen as it provides more more compact encoding than
		See Also: Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), Basic Encoding Rules (BER), XML Encoding Rules (XER)
	www.techabulary.com /p/per.html (64 words)

	Packed encoding rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
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		Packed encoding rules (PER) are ASN.1 encoding rules for producing a compact transfer syntax for data structures described in ASN.1, defined in 1994.
		PER provides a much more compact encoding than BER.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/packed_encoding_rules (150 words)

	Project 520 - ISO/IEC FDIS 8825-2, Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed Encoding ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Project 520 - ISO/IEC FDIS 8825-2, Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed Encoding Rules (PER)
		Project 520 - ISO/IEC FDIS 8825-2, Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed
		International Standard specifies a set of Packed Encoding Rules that may be used to derive atransfer syntax for values of types defined in ITU-T Rec.
	www.ncits.org /scopes/520_8825_2.htm (58 words)

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