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	Packet over SONET/SDH - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Packet over SONET/SDH, abbreviated POS, is communications protocol for transmitting packets over SDH or SONET, which are both circuit switched protocols.
		The most important application of POS is to support sending of IP packets across Wide Area Networks.
		The System Packet Interface series of standards from the Optical Internetworking Forum including SPI-4.2 and SPI-3 and their predecessors PL-4 and PL-3 are commonly used as the interface between packet processing devices and framer devices that implement POS.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Packet_over_SONET/SDH (200 words)

	Wideband Packet over SONET (WPOS)
		SONET is designed to be a transport mechanism that maps existing asynchronous circuit-based traffic into a synchronous payload envelope, hence greatly simplifying the process of demultiplexing traffic at the other end of the connection.
		Packet over SONET is predominantly deployed on the backbone; hence, it does not qualify as an access technology in the context of this discussion.
		For SDH, WPOS is referenced as wideband packet over SDH and uses E1 circuits as the underlying transport mechanism.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/cc/cisco/mkt/access/isr3303/tech/wpos_wp.htm (3130 words)

	Possible: Mission packet over Sonet
		Among the most important applications for packet over Sonet is leveraging existing Sonet infrastructure for data services, lighting dark fiber and aggregating traffic from edge routers, and consolidating the multiservice and IP-optimized networks typically run in parallel by major carriers.
		One of the most important applications for packet over Sonet is lighting the dark or dim fibers available in many campuses and enterprises and in the rights of way owned by utilities.
		Packet over Sonet uses existing Sonet infrastructure to better support IP and is optimized for the Ethernet infrastructure that now extends to millions of Web users (Figure 5).
	telephonyonline.com /mag/telecom_possible_mission_packet (3179 words)

	TechOnLine - Transmitting IP Efficiently over the Network
		SONET has a huge installed user base and is used to carry telephone calls around the globe.
		Packet over SONET is a widely used method of carrying IP over optical networks.
		Packet over SONET/ SDH offers significantly higher efficiency than ATM since the overhead required (in the ATM cell header, IP over ATM encapsulation, and segmentation and re-assembly [SAR] functionality) is eliminated.
	www.techonline.com /community/tech_group/comm/feature_article/14803 (2965 words)

	SONET
		Over 95% of your bandwidth can be used for IP resulting in large savings.
		SONET defenders also claim that the costs of SONET is equal to that of IP-over-photons.
		Proponents of IP over photons argue that the redundancy that guarantees SONET's reliability represents overkill that keeps the network from using a large portion of its resources.
	home.att.net /~jemstar-jdc/SONET/develstand.html (1024 words)

	Packet over SONET > PoS Network Designs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		SONET APS 1+1 is used for any PoS design that has more than one optical interface.
		SONET rings have a 50-ms switchover time rather than the 60-ms switchover used in the Bellcore APS 1+1 specification.
		Although the SONET APS 1+1 protection switching mechanisms guarantee a restoration time of 60 ms, the PoS interfaces are Layer 3 implementations and require some deal of routing protocol convergence.
	www.ciscopress.com /articles/article.asp?p=101735&seqNum=5 (2981 words)

	Riverstone Networks - Packet over SONET/SDH for the Metro
		Packet over SONET (PoS) is a technology that maps IP data directly on top of a SONET layer.
		SONET has proven over the years that it has the most rugged protection mechanism around.
		Packet over SONET takes advantage of the robustness of the SONET ring and, coupled with value-added features such as bridging and 802.1Q, PoS is a premium technology to support Metro service with Service Level Agreements.
	www.riverstonenet.com /solutions/packet_over_sonet.shtml (512 words)

	Packet over SONET > Evolution of Voice and Data Networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		SONET is a time-division multiplexing (TDM) architecture that was designed to carry voice traffic.
		SONET rings were designed and deployed to transport voice but could transport voice by breaking down the data needs into manageable pieces and transporting in 64-kbps increments.
		Packet over SONET (PoS) is a highly scalable protocol that overcomes many of the inefficiencies of ATM, while providing legacy support to internetworks with existing SONET architectures.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=101735 (883 words)

	EBN - Packets over SONET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		SONET, which stands for Synchronous Optical Network, is a Physical-layer standard first conceived in the mid-1980s by MCI Communications and then developed by Bleacher.
		Although SONET could theoretically be run over copper, it was designed from the start to hasten the move to fiber optic cable by ensuring interoperability.
		To avoid the cell tax, IP over SONET (also known as Packet over SONET, or POS) was devised in 1994 and first adopted a year or two later.
	www.itarchitect.com /shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=8702386 (3092 words)

	ATM overhead and packet latency tradeoffs
		A 64-byte IP packet will not fit into the 48-byte payload of one ATM cell, so two are needed, with the remainder of the payload of the second cell consisting of padding-bytes that don't contain any data to simply fill out the cell.
		The well known tradeoff is that packet network technologies including Packet Over SONET have absolutely no way of maintaining latency and response time since traffic from any one stream on a packet network completely consumes the media for at least a packet transmission time.
		In a packet network, this packet must wait at best 0 byte times (the time it takes to transmit a byte of a certain medium, 0.05 microseconds for 155 ATM), meaning there is no packet being transmitted from any other traffic stream.
	www.networkworld.com /newsletters/lans/0427lan2.html (903 words)

	SONET/SDH Commands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		SONET is the protocol for North America and Japan while SDH is the definition for Europe.
		SONET path is the logical connection between the two points on a connection where the SONET frame is assembled (on the sending side) and disassembled (on the receiving side).
		A SONET section is any portion of a SONET connection such as a segment of optical fiber between two repeaters, the repeaters themselves, or a multiplexer.
	www.avici.com /documentation/HTMLDocs/02120-06_revBA/SONET.html (198 words)

	Packet Over SONET/SDH
		The remote end of a SONET path is referred to as the path-far-end.
		The remote end of a SONET line is referred to as the line-far-end.
		For error conditions such as when a fiber optic cable is unplugged from a SONET interface, large numbers of traps are generated.
	www.avici.com /documentation/HTMLDocs/02119-09_revAA/SONET.html (1720 words)

	PoS: Packet over SONET/SDH (or PPP over SONET/SDH)
		Packet Over SONET/SDH (PoS), also known as PPP over SONET/SDH, refers to the scheme of using PPP encapsulation to map IP datagrams into the SONET/SDH frame payload.
		The bottom layer, mapping into SONET, is the unique part defined by IETF in RFC 2615 for PoS.
		For PPP over SONET/SDH, the entire SONET/SDH payload (SONET STS-SPE/SDH Higher Order VC minus the path overhead and any fixed stuff) is scrambled using a self-synchronous scrambler of polynomial X**43 + 1.
	www.javvin.com /protocolPoS.html (335 words)

	OC-3c/OC-12c Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Load Module :: Products :: Ixia - Leader in IP Performance Testing
		Packets representing different types of traffic profiles can be associated with Packet Group Identifiers (PGIDs).
		Measurable latencies include Instantaneous Latency, where each packet is associated with one group ID only, and Latency Over Time where multiple PGIDs can be placed in "time buckets" with fixed durations.
		After all packets in the first stream are transmitted, control is passed to the next defined stream in the sequence.
	www.ixiacom.com /products/display?skey=in_atm_pos_load_modules (895 words)

	Allayer Press Release:First 2.5 Gbps Packet Over SONENT Switch for OC-48 WAN/LAN Systems
		The new chip, the ALPOS48 Packet Over SONET switch for OC-48 applications, slashes the time and cost to produce 2.5 Gbps interfaces between local area networks and the high-speed optical network backbone.
		A complete Packet Over SONET interface can be developed using the ALPOS48 control and interface IC and the AL1022 dual-port, Gigabit Ethernet switch IC.
		This gives the system designer a high-speed Packet Over SONET switch capability that can be easily integrated into a chassis-based network interface system.
	www.amslink.com /allayer2/pressrel000605.html (773 words)

	SUN INNOVATION OFFERS FASTEST NETWORK CONNECTIVITY WITH NEW OC48 PACKET OVER SONET ADAPTER
		The Sun OC48 Packet Over Sonet Adapter provides multi-gigabit speed connectivity for next-generation networking, enabling Sun Fire V880 servers, Sun Fire 4800 servers and Sun Fire 6800 servers to take full advantage of Packet Over Sonet technology.
		The Packet Over Sonet technology combines the bandwidth-efficient and server-rich capabilities of IP routing with the bandwidth-rich, self-healing capabilities of fiber rings to deliver significant cost and functionality advantages over existing connectivity solutions.
		By increasing the performance and reliability of such services, the Sun OC48 Packet Over Sonet Adapter enables companies to easily handle the expected exponential growth in data traffic while improving the performance of traditional IT operations, such as clustering and remote storage back-ups.
	www.sun.com /smi/Press/sunflash/2002-03/sunflash.20020311.1.xml (1012 words)

	NWW/Foundry Networks Whitepaper
		Packets exceeding defined rate limits can be dropped, transmitted as is, or transmitted with a different set of QoS characteristics.
		This ensures packet prioritization of voice packets during high volume network traffic and eliminates voice packet latency and jitters, allowing for additional service offering in a MAN infrastructure without over-engineering.
		With its support of Packet Over SONET/SDH from OC-3c to OC-192c, ATM, and the industry’s longest long-haul optical Gigabit Ethernet that can reach up to 150 Km, Metro Service Providers have the flexibility to deploy any combination of these technology in their MAN infrastructure.
	www.networkworld.com /whitepapers/foundry (1894 words)

	EoS: Ethernet over SONET/SDH
		Packet over SONET/SDH (PoS), the traditional transmission of IP data over Sonet frames via PPP, is gradually replaced by EoS in many cases.
		Virtual Concatenation allows SONET channels to be multiplexed together in arbitrary arrangements, which permits custom-sized SONET pipes to be created that are any multiple of the basic rates.
		In contrast to HDLC whose overhead is data dependent, the fixed amount of overhead per packet allows deterministic matching of bandwidth between the Ethernet stream and the virtually concatenated SONET stream.
	www.javvin.com /protocolEoS.html (717 words)

	Packet over Sonet POS to HSSI Converter : PA1000 Datasheet - Metrodata
		The Metrodata PA1000 converts data from byte-oriented HDLC, as used on Packet over Sonet (POS) interfaces, to bit-oriented HDLC as found on HSSI interfaces.
		The PA1000 provides a solution for satellite operators wishing to use high performance Packet over Sonet (POS) based routers without the need to use valuable chassis slots for low speed HSSI serial interfaces.
		It is transparent to packet payload and may operate with any protocol that both the Packet over Sonet (POS) and HSSI devices support, such as PPP and Frame Relay.
	www.metrodata.co.uk /products/datasheets/pos-to-hssi-pa1000.htm (413 words)

	SONET
		Here are some examples of how the high-bandwith and high data-rate capabilities available using the SONET standard are leading to new and improved applications, services, and the hardware/software to support them.
		These computers are typically on a local area network at their home sites and HIPPI frames from them are sent as SONET packages across the WAN using multiple OC-3 (155 Mbps) fiber optic cables.
		Washington University's is expanding and extending the university's gigabit campus network to interface with the ring at 2.4 Gbps.
	home.att.net /~jemstar-jdc/SONET/services.html (1061 words)

	Packet over SONET > Review Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		True or False: Packet over SONET was developed because there was no other way to transport data over a SONET network.
		The PoS frames must be placed inside of the SONET containers aligned on the octet boundaries.
		It is recommended that the Layer 3 protocol and the SONET protocol configurations should ______.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=101735&seqNum=7 (501 words)

	Wipro Technologies - IT Services, Product Engineering Solutions, Technology Infrastructure Services, Business Process ...
		IP achieves only about 80 percent of the available line rate when operating over ATM.
		It is addressed to engineering managers who wish to add the Packet Over SONET/SDH Interface to their product range.
		Wipro's FPGA core and engineering skills could be leveraged for arriving at a cost effective, early-to-market solution for POS.
	www.wipro.com /whitepapers/services/telecomm_internetworking/pktoversonetinterface.htm (182 words)

	Packet over SONET Controller (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Figure 1 shows the block diagram for the packet over SONET controller megafunction.
		The Innocor packet over SONET controller implements RFC 2615 POS (packet over SONET) and RFC 1662 HDLC-like framing which allows an 8-bit data stream to be encapsulated into packets.
		The receiver also provides statistics for various errors and for the number of packets received.
	www.altera.com /products/ip/communications/sonet/m-inn-packet.html (203 words)

	PoS (Packet over SONET) (Linktionary term)
		A major goal of service providers is to transport IP packets over underlying physical networks with as little overhead as possible.
		In the WAN environment, a typical scenario is to put IP packets in ATM packets and then into SONET frames, as shown on the left in Figure P-6 (see book).
		RFC 2615 is the primary document that describes the use of PPP over SONET and SDH circuits.
	www.linktionary.com /p/pos.html (334 words)

	Telco Systems Introduces New Carrier Class Packet Over SONET IP Platform Switch
		EdgeLinkT5Pro Delivers Enhanced Modularity, Packet Over SONET, Layer 3, 4, and 7 Routing, and VDSL Support NORWOOD, Mass., June 5 /PRNewswire/ -- Telco Systems, a BATM Company and a leader in network edge technology and IP switching platforms, today announced the availability of the new EdgeLinkT5Pro IP switching platform.
		The EdgeLinkT5Pro is a highly integrated IP platform with Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and VDSL capability on the customer side, and the ability of encapsulating IP packets on to a SONET payload for transport over a carrier's fiber optic facilities.
		"The encapsulation of Packets into a SONET payload (PoS) is the perfect solution for transmitting IP data at relatively high speeds over long distances while aggregating LAN traffic efficiently into the WAN.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/06-05-2001/0001507244&EDATE= (431 words)

	Suitcasing Sonet: Sniffer provides seven-layer analysis for optical networks
		Sponsored by HP Maintaining a network is no different from maintaining a car, a house or even a garden when it comes to this golden rule: Use the proper tools for the proper job.
		The Sniffer Pro Packet over Sonet network analyzer is portable and gives engineers visibility into all layers of network and application traffic.
		Bringing the capability for Sonet troubleshooting and analysis to the field engineer level is one of the main reasons Wassall already has earmarked money in his budget to purchase the equipment this year.
	telephonyonline.com /mag/telecom_suitcasing_sonet_sniffer/index.html (993 words)

	PoS: Packet over SONET
		High-order containmentPoS frames must be placed in the required synchronous transport signals used in SONET.
		Octet alignmentThis refers to the alignment of the data packet octet boundaries to the STS octet boundaries.
		Payload scramblingScrambling is the process of encoding digital 1s and 0s onto a line in such a way that provides an adequate number for a 1s density requirement.
	www.networkdictionary.com /networking/pos.php (325 words)

	SONET WEB REOURCES
		SONET to Sonnet Translation, which describes SONET Over Novel English Translation.
		SONET TutorialThis site has tutorials for all kind of networking technologies.
		SONET Tutorial from WPI Almost a complte one.
	members.tripod.com /~VBKumar/sonet.html (57 words)

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