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Topic: Pact of Steel

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Tripartite Pact

Participants in World War II

Munich Agreement

Second World War

Joachim von Ribbentrop

Axis Powers

Military history of Italy during World War II

Pietro Badoglio

Galeazzo Ciano

Mussolini

Appeasement

World War II

Benito Mussolini

Sidi Barrani

Teheran Conference

	Pact of Steel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pact of Steel was an agreement between the governments of Italy and Germany signed on May 22, 1939 by Galeazzo Ciano and Joachim von Ribbentrop.
		The pact was one of alliance in the event of international threats; of immediate aid and military support in the event of war; and of collaboration in military and wartime production.
		When Germany began the conflict in September 1939, Italy was not on a proper war footing and had difficulty meeting its obligations and did not enter the conflict until June 1940 with an abortive invasion of southern France.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pact_of_Steel (188 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pact of Steel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The pact was initially valid for ten years.
		The pact was based on the assumption of war occurring in about three years.
		Certain members of the Italian government, including the signatory Ciano, were opposed to the pact.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pact-of-Steel (214 words)

	Anti-Comintern Pact - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Anti-Comintern Pact was concluded between Nazi Germany and Japan on November 25th, 1936.
		The pact was directed against the Communist International (Comintern) in general, and the Soviet Union in particular.
		The Anti-Comintern Pact was revived in 1941, after Germany's assault on the Soviet Union, (Operation Barbarossa), and on November 25th its renewal for another five years was celebrated.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Anti-Comintern_Pact (563 words)

	Jindal Organization -- News Archives
		JINDAL Steel and Power Limited today signed a long?term technical collaboration agreement with NKK Corporation, Japan for the manufacture of the world's longest rails and universal beams at its upcoming rail and universal beam project, which has an investment of $100 million in Chhattisgarh.
		steel consulting department, NKK Corporation, Mr Katsutoshi Kosaka and executive vice chairman and managing director of JSPL, Mr Naveen Jindal during the Japan-India Business meeting in Tokyo, which was sponsored by major chambers of commerce and industry of Japan.
		Jindal Steel and Power is setting up the rail and universal beam mill project as part of its forward integration programme to cater to the growing demand of the railways and construction industry.
	www.jindalsteelpower.com /newsArchives.asp?year=2001&month=dec (2094 words)

	The New York Times > Business > World Business > Steel Shortage Squeezes Asia's Manufacturers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The shortfall in steel is unusual in a country that for most of the last decade has been dealing with problems of excess - too many workers, unused plants and more banks than needed - but analysts and executives say it is a problem that could become increasingly common.
		In Japan, where the number of large steel manufacturers has dwindled because of mergers, the industrywide capacity utilization rate is now 15 percent higher than the average rate of the last 26 years, according to the ministry of economy, trade and industry.
		China's demand for steel, after rising 20 percent a year for the past three years, is now slowing as a result of the government's efforts to cool the economy, according to Piboonsak Arthabowornpisan, chairman of the Iron and Steel Industry Club of Thailand.
	www.nytimes.com /2004/12/24/business/worldbusiness/24steel.html?ex=1190264400&en=63f1ac2fd9e4844a&ei=5035&partner=MARKETWATCH (1363 words)

	PACT OF STEEL
		Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy
		Firmly bound together through the inner unity of their ideologies and the comprehensive solidarity of their interests, the German and the Italian people are determined also in future to stand side by side and to strive with united effort for the securing of their living space and the maintenance of peace.
		The two Foreign Ministers will as quickly as possible come to an agreement on the organization, the seat, and the methods of work on the pact of the commissions on military questions and questions of war economy as stipulated in Article IV of the pact.
	www.adolfhitler.ws /lib/proc/pactsteel.html (552 words)

	Steel labor pact would alter staff, protect retirees - PittsburghLIVE.com
		Pittsburgh-based U.S. Steel and AK Steel Corp, which are locked in a bidding war for National, have said they will need to forge a new labor pact with the union before either company can close on the acquisition.
		Other highlights of the contract include wages Gerard said were "at the top of the industry." They will range from $15 per hour for a utility person in the first year of the contract to a maximum of $22.40 per hour for a senior operating technician in 2007, the final year of the contract.
		AK Steel also has had a tense relationship with the union over the past several years, highlighted by a three-year lockout of 600 union members at the company's Mansfield, Ohio, plant.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/business/eprise/s_115470.html (706 words)

	tata.com : Tata Steel inks pact for titanium project
		Tata Steel’s agreement with the consortium is targeted to help in the completion of the first phase of the project within 20 months.
		Tata Steel has been granted prospecting licence by Tamil Nadu over an area of 80 sq km, and the required consent from existing landowners has also been obtained by the company.
		It is understood that pursuant to its interests in the titanium business, the steel major has also applied for prospecting licence over an area of 5,100 hectare in the districts of Kasaragod and Kannur in north Kerala.
	www.tata.com /tata_steel/media/20030923.htm (283 words)

	AWPA Wireline - August 2003
		Schlogl agreed that the question of whether a pact would supersede the right to file countervailing (CVD) duty trade cases was a major sticking point that negotiators have yet to address, but must eventually resolve.
		The participants agreed that subsidies to pay for environmental expenses and worker retraining programs related to the complete closure of steel companies would facilitate such closures and thus would be consistent with the object and purpose of the agreement.
		The Bush Administration and steel supporters in Congress have said China - which will produce 210 million metric tons of steel products this year - needs to be a part of any steel subsidies agreement.
	www.awpa.org /wireline/aug03/01.htm (653 words)

	Kingstream says steel supply pact in doubt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An Feng Steel last year said it would by two million tonnes of steel slab from the proposed Mid-West Steel project proposed by Kingstream to be developed in Western Australia, creating a integrated mine-to-mill operation.
		An Feng Steel has applied to the Taiwanese government for reorganisation, which means the Taiwanese government may pass emergency protection measures, such as freezing company assets and interest payments until a reorganisation plan is devised.
		Steel demand in Asia has waned due to the Financial crisis gripping the region, although exports to Western Europe and North America remain robust, according to analysts.
	www.financialexpress.com /fe/daily/19990219/fco19009.html (330 words)

	PactOfSteel
		On the other hand when it became clear in August, 1939 that Hitler was bent on war with Poland, Italy protested her unreadiness and in the event did not immediately fulfill her obligations under the alliance.
		His Majesty the King of Italy and Albania and Emperor of Ethiopia, and the Chancellor of the German Reich, hold that the moment has come to confirm with a solemn Pact the intimate ties of friendship and solidarity existing between Fascist Italy and National Socialist Germany....
		The two Contracting Parties, conscious of the importance of their common relations with Powers friendly to them, are decided to maintain and to continue to develop these relations by common agreement and in harmony with the consonant relations that bind them with these Powers.
	www.dickinson.edu /~rhyne/232/PactOfSteel.html (529 words)

	Posco's pact on steel unit by month-end: Paswan : Business News Onlypunjab.com- Onlypunjab.com Latest News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Steel Minister Ram Vilas Paswan Thursday said a pact between South Korea's Posco and the government of Orissa would be signed by the end of this month for a $9 billion steel unit in the state.
		Paswan said all state-run steel units were in the fl, but for Hindustan Steel Constructions Limited and Bharat Refractories Limited, for which major revival packages were being finalised.
		He said his ministry proposed to increase the country's steel output to 65 million tonnes by 2012 and had accordingly asked all producers to hike their production capacities by 10 percent.
	onlypunjab.com /fullstory2k5-insight-news-status-25-newsID-6648.html (723 words)

	Pact - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pact is a formal agreement, usually between two or more nations.
		Pact is also a commune in the Isère département in France.
		This page was last modified 12:19, 18 August 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pact (49 words)

	Boston.com / Business / Weirton Steel workers OK pact with ISG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The five-year pact between ISG and the 3,000-member Independent Steelworkers Union is modeled after contracts the Ohio steelmaker has struck with the United Steelworkers of America at its other mills.
		The union's current contract with Weirton Steel, which was ratified in February 2003, cut pay by 5 percent and froze accrued pension benefits.
		Glyptis said Weirton Steel's future would be brighter under ISG because few small mills will survive in an industry that continues to consolidate.
	www.boston.com /business/articles/2004/03/29/weirton_steel_workers_ok_pact_with_isg (612 words)

	Axis, Allies and Others
		FDR knew that even the Tripartite Pact didn’t make Japan and Germany military allies, but he hoped that he could fool the American public with propaganda that it was.
		They had hoped the pact would be a bargaining chip the Americans would accept.
		The Anti-commintern Pact(Japan did sign) which wasn’t even a mutual defense treaty, the Pact of Steel(which Japan did NOT sign anyways) which was a mutual defense treaty and finally the Tripartite Pact(which Japan did sign) but was nothing more than a negated mutual defense pact.
	members.shaw.ca /millerww2/ww2/history/axisallies.html (2790 words)

	Australia aims to help seal Vietnam steel mill pact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Planning and Investment Ministry says BHP Steel had sought a five-year tax exemption for importing materials, a tax-free import of 60,000 tonnes of galvanised steel per year for two years and a 10 per cent corporate income tax for the whole operation.
		Downer said BHP Steel wanted the Vietnamese government's guarantee so the firm could import materials and capital equipment at a zero tariff "to ensure the steel mill remained competitive".
		The company, Australia's largest steel maker that was spun off from minerals company BHP Billiton Ltd/Plc, plans to build a galvanised steel mill in the southern province of Ba Ria-Vung Tau to produce 120,000 tonnes of aluminium-coated steel and painted steel a year.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /patrick.guenin/cantho/vnnews/steelmil.htm (388 words)

	Workers' opinions vary on steel pact - PittsburghLIVE.com
		Ashton is among some 19,000 USW-represented employees at facilities at both U.S. Steel and National Steel Corp. Approval of the contract is one of the steps needed for U.S. Steel to complete its proposed $1.05 billion acquisition of the assets of National Steel, which is in bankruptcy.
		While U.S. Steel and National operate with hundreds of job descriptions and more than 30 labor grades, the new pact would cut the number of job descriptions to six and the labor grades to five.
		One group that remains disappointed in the pact is the Service Organization of Active Retirees, or Soar, an organization affiliated with the United Steelworkers.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/business/s_133300.html (1220 words)

	Indo-Asian News Service -> India-business-Jindal -> Jindal inks pact for steel plant in Orissa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bhubaneswar, June 9 (IANS) Jindal Stainless Ltd (JSL), India's largest maker of stainless steel, Thursday signed an agreement with the Orissa government for setting up a 1.6-million tonne steel plant and a 500Mw power plant in the state.
		N.C. Mathur, director of JSL, and state Steel and Mines Secretary Bhaskar Chaterjee signed the memorandum of understanding in the state secretariat in the presence of Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik and JSL managing director Ratan Jindal.
		The plant will be spread over 1,240 acres and the company has acquired land for both the steel project and an ash pond, he said.
	www.eians.com /stories/2005/06/09/09dr.shtml (204 words)

	Galeazzo Ciano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He sensibly perceived the danger that Hitler represented for Italy too when Nazis killed the Austrian premier Dollfuss, who had close ties with Mussolini's family (Dollfuss' wife was in Italy when he was murdered), and could see in this act the sign of an icy warning about the Fuehrer's intentions.
		Little by little, after a sequence of meetings with Ribbentrop and Hitler which followed the subscription to the "Pact of Steel", Ciano's doubts about the allied country were increasingly deepened, and he had several violent discussions with his father-in-law.
		In the end, he wrote in his diaries, he was not so sure whether he would have wished Italians "a German victory or defeat".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano (978 words)

	Pact of Steel - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pact of Steel - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		See also: Anti-Comintern Pact, Tripartite Pact Text of the Treaty (http://www.adolfhitler.ws/lib/proc/pactsteel.html)
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Pact of Steel contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pact_of_Steel (203 words)

	American Metal Market: North American pact drops steel tariffs - North American Free Trade Agreement
		Tariffs on steel products traded between the United States and Canada will be eliminated by 1998 as provided for under the U.S.-Canada free-trade agreement signed four years ago.
		Mexican steel tariffs range from 10 to 15 percent and would be reduced by 10 percent a year for the next decade, sources said.
		She would not specify when the text would be sent to Capitol Hill, but with Congress in recess for the Republican National Convention and its summer break, the earliest date for notification would be Sept. 8.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3MKT/is_n157_v100/ai_12536479 (881 words)

	Government of Jharkhand and Tata Steel sign partnership pact for prosperity 17 million tonnes new steel capacity in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Established in 1907 by its Founder J N Tata, Tata Steel is the flagship of Tata Group, the most trusted corporate name in the country.
		It has one of the most modern steel making facilities and is also one of the lowest cost producers of steel in the world.
		The steel company is focussed on the sophisticated automobile and the construction sectors.
	www.prdomain.com /companies/t/tisco/news_releases/200509sep/pr_tata_steel_20050908.htm (750 words)

	1/83 JAPAN EC STEEL PACT EXTENDED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In view of Japan's massive trade surplus, Japan and Europe have agreed to extend their steel pact by one year.
		This pact was established in 1978 and has always been extended since then.
		Japan's 5 largest steel makers also agreed to limit the volume of their sales to 1.19 million tons per year.
	www.japanlaw.info /lawletter/jan83/acn.htm (126 words)

	Pak firms in pact with Indian steel cos
		Speaking after signing the MoUs, Rastagar said their two-day visit to the state was very successful and positive as the main objective of the tour was to outsource from India certain commodities and technologies to fulfill the prevailing demand and supply gap in Pakistan.
		Pakistan would set up some steel plants with Indian technology especially from Chhattisgarh, he said and proposed to set up an iron and steel research institute with the help of Indian consultants.
		The function was informed that the annual turnover of the Pakistani steel and sponge iron sector was about four million tonnes which is likely to be doubled within next five years whereas Chhattisgarh produces 8.7 million tonnes of iron and steel every year.
	in.rediff.com /money/2005/aug/22pak.htm (388 words)

	Steel News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Steel news continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
		Birmingham-based O'Neal Steel Inc. said Monday it has acquired the stock of TW Metals, a pipe processing company with 17 U.S. and three European plants.
		Steel Dynamics Inc. has agreed to a merger worth between $250 and $280 million in cash and stock with Roanoke Electric Steel Corp., corporate headquarters has announced.
	www.topix.net /business/steel (1071 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unmentioned during the state's Jan. 25 announcement of a stringent water-pollution permit for Bethlehem Steel Corp.'s Sparrows Point plant was the race run against time by officials of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and some pro-ecology groups to finish the document.
		Activists have long charged that Beth Steel has been discharging into bay tributaries greater amounts of substances harmful to aquatic life than allowed even under the old 1985 permit (Mobtown Beat, 4/19/00).
		Under the Jan. 19 pact, Beth Steel promises to begin immediately reducing by 87 percent discharges of toxic metals and solids into nearby waters, and decreasing by 85 percent the amount of oil and grease dumped into Bear Creek, Old Road Bay, Jones Creek, and the Patapsco River.
	www.citypaper.com /news/printready.asp?id=3121 (485 words)

	What was the 'Pact of Steel'?
		The Pact of Steel referenced to the alliance between Germany and Italy signed on May 22 1939.
		The pact was an alliance between the two in the event of either being invaded.
		This is not for following-up or discussing "What was the 'Pact of Steel'?" FAQ Farm only allows simple questions and answers.
	www.faqfarm.com /History/WWII/78043 (448 words)

	The Hindu : Tisco signs pact with world steel giants
		Nippon Steel Corporation of Japan, Arcelor of Europe and Tata Steel have signed an Automotive Steel Technology Cooperation agreement today to work jointly on technical developments keeping the needs of the Indian automotive steel market in view.
		As a result of this tripartite agreement, Nippon Steel and Arcelor will assist Tata Steel in its efforts to cater to the requirement of high quality steel sheets of the Indian automotive industry.
		This tripartite agreement is a part of the strategic alliances that are beginning to happen in the steel industry at the global level.
	www.hindu.com /2002/04/11/stories/2002041101541800.htm (228 words)

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