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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pahonya
		Pahonya (Belarusian: Паго́ня; translated as Chase) is a historical symbol known in Belarus since medieval times.
		It is originated during the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, just as the Vytis, the Coat of Arms of Lithuania, and looks very similar to Vytis.
		During the Battle of Grunwald regiments from Belarussian lands fought under the symbol of Pahonya.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pahonya (255 words)

	:: Wschodnioeuropejskie Centrum Demokratyczne ::
		The Pahonya was inherited by Belarus from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL), a country in which the ancestors of most Belarusians lived during the greater part of their history (in the 13th–18th centuries).
		The Russian empire also saw the Pahonya as a generally recognised and accepted symbol of the lands that were part of the GDL in the latter period of its existence (i.e., modern Lithuania and Belarus).
		In the 1980s, the Pahonya and the white, red and white flag became the well-known symbols of Belarus and independence, while their public demonstration was unambiguously interpreted by the authorities and their opponents as an act of national resistance.
	eedc.org.pl /eng/www/biblioteka/3sektor/08_lalkou.htm (4728 words)

	CPJ News Alert: Belarus 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yesterday the court found Pahonya guilty of insulting President Aleksandr Lukashenko and publishing the statements of an unregistered civic organization, according to local and international press reports.
		Pahonya received the first warning on November 17, 2000, and the second warning in early September 2001.
		Pahonya's editor-in-chief, Mikola Markevich, plans to appeal the decision and will continue to publish the newspaper on the Internet, local sources reported.
	www.cpj.org /news/2001/Belarus13nov01na.html (285 words)

	Belcentrum.org - Basic Facts
		Pahonya, the coat of arms of Grand Duchy of Lithuania first appears in 13th century annals.
		It was introduced as the National Coats of Arms on the basis of the results of the referendum from 14 May 1995 initiated by Alexander Lukashenka.
		The Pahonya and the red-white flag were chosen as the national symbols in the process of renewing the statehood and establishing the Belarus National Republic in March 1918 and they even now serve as the symbols of the exiled governments.
	www.belcentrum.org /baseinfo-e.php (354 words)

	Pahonya . 1386 . 14th century . 1401 . Belarusian language . 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is featured on the seal of the Grand Duke of Grand Duchy of Lithuania Lithuania, Algirdas Alhierd, which marks a document belonging to that year.
		The symbol of the charging knight on horseback was handed down through the generations: from Alhierd to his son, Grand Duke Jogaila Yahaila, then to Grand Duke Vytautas Vitaut and others.
		Pahonya Belarusian language Belarusian: Паго́ня; translated as Chase is a historical symbol of Belarus.
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Pahonya (483 words)

	Action In Pahonya’s Support :: Charter'97 :: News :: 19/11/2001
		Pahonya’s editor-in-chief is also determined to call upon the parliament of Poland to hold a hearing to discuss the closure of the non-state newspaper.
		In a statement signed the day before by the Hrodna branch of the Belarusian Journalists’ Association, the pre-history of the newspaper’s closure was discussed and the conclusion was that “all the facts on this case speak loudly about the political underlying causes of the court verdict”.
		Journalists protest against the verdict and demand to cancel the decision, and to stop politically motivated criminal investigation of Pahonya’s reporters (the case brought up against them by the regional Prosecutor’s office for the alleged libeling Belarusian president has not finished yet).
	www.charter97.org /eng/news/2001/11/19/09 (310 words)

	“Pahonya” Protests Against Road Works at Kuropaty :: Charter'97 :: News :: 23/11/2001
		“Pahonya” group of the Belarusian artists’ union called on the authorities to cease the construction works of the Minsk ring road in vicinity of the Kuropaty memorial.
		In a statement, passed at the organization’s assembly, it is said that the entombment, which embodies the travails and memory of the nation, is the most honorable place in the country.
		“Pahonya’s” members demand to immediate cease the persecution of the Kuropaty defenders, cancel arbitrary judicial decisions and liberate the innocently convicted.
	www.charter97.org /eng/news/2001/11/23/14 (372 words)

	National Symbolism in Belarus: The past and present
		The Pahonya was inherited by Belarus from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL), a state in which the ancestors of most Belarusians dominated during the greater part of their history (in the 13"'-18" centuries).
		The Russian empire also saw the Pahonya as a generally recognized and accepted symbol of the lands that were part of the GDL in the latter period of its existence (i.e., contemporary Lithuania and Belarus).
		In the 1980s, the Pahonya and the white, red and white flag becamethewell-known symbols of Belarus and independence, while their public demonstration was unambiguously interpreted by the authorities and their opponents as an act of national resistance.
	www.belarusinside.org /about/belarus_symbols.html (4229 words)

	Belarus: Attacks on Independent Media
		The sentences handed down this week for journalists Nikolai Markevich and Pavel Mozheiko, from the independent newspaper Pahonya, for having allegedly insulted President Lukashenko during last year's presidential campaign are offensive to the universal principles of free speech and free press.
		We also note that a pattern of harassment against the independent media has intensified in recent weeks with this and other cases that appear to be politically motivated retribution against independent journalists for their professional activities.
		We call on Belarus to release the 'Pahonya' journalists, repeal its laws subjecting journalists to criminal charges, and assure adequate protections for independent media, consistent with its OSCE commitments.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2002/11530.htm (243 words)

	Belarus Project
		The Belarusian Supreme Economic Court upheld the second warning after Pahonya's editor Mikalai Markevich appealed it, and ruled to shut the newspaper down despite the still open criminal investigation of the matter and the absence of a court decision.
		The League called on Lukashenko to allow Pahonya and other independent media outlets to function freely and without fear of persecution, thus honoring the international commitments on freedom of expression to which Belarus is a signatory.
		The organizations urged the Belarusian leadership to drop the charges against the journalists, revoke the decision to close down Pahonya, and ensure that Belarus complies with international norms of freedom of speech which are enshrined in conventions to which Belarus is a partner.
	www.ilhr.org /ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2002/25-26_02.htm (5850 words)

	Belarus News and Analysis \| Authorities continue to undermine press freedom
		Markevich, who was also editor of that paper, was sentenced to 18 months of hard labour for publishing an article in which he accused the president of involvement in the disappearance of political opponents.
		Pavel Mazheika, another member of the "Pahonya" team, was sentenced to one year of hard labour for "insulting" President Lukashenko.
		In another development, RSF condemned a decree issued by President Alexander Lukashenko on 21 May 2005, banning all privately-owned news media from using the words "national" or "Belarus" in their names.
	www.data.minsk.by /belarusnews/062005/10.html (699 words)

	PAHONYA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pahonya исторический символ знанный в Belarus с средневековых времен.
		Во время сражения полков Grunwald от Belarussian земли воевали под символом Pahonya.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.faktoru.com /wiki/ru/pa/Pahonya.htm (157 words)

	TruthNews
		The two journalists, who worked for the newspaper "Pahonya," wrote a story critical of Lukashenka during the presidential campaign last autumn.
		Analysts believe the sentences could mark a new stage in Lukashenka's fight against the country's independent media and are further proof of the deteriorating situation in the country.
		A Belarusian court in the city of Hrodna yesterday sentenced two journalists, the editor of the regional newspaper "Pahonya," Mikola Markevich, and reporter Pavel Mazheyka, to up to 2 1/2 years of community service.
	truthnews.com /world/2002063335.htm (890 words)

	CPJ News Alert 2003
		Zhanna Litvina, head of the Belarusian Association of Journalists, told CPJ that Mazheika is currently awaiting a court hearing that will determine whether his sentence is amended.
		The case stems from two September 2001 editions of Pahonya that criticized the president ahead of the September 9, 2001, presidential elections.
		Pahonya was closed in November 2001, after the Belarusian High Economic Court found the publication guilty of insulting President Lukashenko and publishing the statements of an unregistered civic organization.
	www.cpj.org /news/2003/Belarus07march03na.html (363 words)

	Belarus Project
		Although the office claimed that "numerous violations of the Law on Press" were the basis for the newspaper's closure, only one official warning had been issued to Pahonya before, for publishing an appeal by an unregistered non-governmental organization.
		The Belarusian Supreme Economic Court upheld the second warning after Pahonya's editor Mikola Markevich appealed it, and ruled to shut the newspaper down despite the still open criminal investigation of the matter and the absence of a court decision.
		We call on you to allow Pahonya and other independent media outlets to function freely and without fear of persecution, thus honoring the international commitments on freedom of expression to which Belarus is a signatory.
	www.ilhr.org /ilhr/regional/belarus/protests/m&m_sentenced.htm (471 words)

	Belarus Project
		Nikolai Markevich, editor-in-chief of Pahonya, a Grodno-based Belarusian-language weekly, filed an appeal with the Belarusian Supreme Economic Court, which on November 12 ruled to shut down the newspaper for alleged breaking of the Law On Press and Other Media by insulting the Belarusian president and printing information about unregistered political group.
		Ignoring the fact that the newspaper's appeal of the second warning was filed with the Grodno Region Economic Court, the Belarusian Supreme Economic Court took the case and combined it with the petition filed by the Grodno Region Prosecutor Office to close the newspaper.
		On November 12, Judge Valery Zhandarov upheld the second warning, fined Pahonya 150,000 BYR (about $100), and ruled to shut the newspaper down despite the still open criminal investigation of the matter and the absence of a court decision.
	www.ilhr.org /ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2001/50.htm (3471 words)

	CPJ News Alert 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The journalist was released immediately and traveled to his home in Hrodna, in the western part of the country.
		Because of a special government amnesty program, however, their sentences were reduced by one year each.
		On March 4, 2003, a Belarusian court ruled that because of good behavior, Markevich could serve the remainder of his sentence in his hometown of Hrodna.
	www.cpj.org /news/2003/Belarus24mar03na.html (330 words)

	Europe: Country Report
		The move frightened many of these firms into breaking their contracts with the newspapers, forcing some to print outside Belarus and further limiting their already meager domestic support base.
		Pahonya was one of six newspapers that the official Belarusian Press Committee warned against covering the opposition Central Election Committee's attempts to organize presidential elections in accordance with the 1994 constitution (see February 15 case).
		The city gave Pahonya new office space, but at year's end the building still lacked running water, toilets, and doors.
	www.cpj.org /attacks99/europe99/Belarus.html (1949 words)

	“Pahonya” Journalists to Stand Trial for Protesting Against Periodical’s Closure :: Charter'97 :: News :: ...
		Independent newspaper “Pahonya” correspondents Andjei Pisalnik and Pavel Mozheiko, along with their editor-in-chief Nikolai Markevich faced police protocols over the administrative violations – for holding an unsanctioned picket in defense of the newspaper, shut down upon the ruling of the Supreme Economic Court (art.167/1 of the Administrative code).
		On November 20 the cases of Andjei Pisalnik and Pavel Mozheiko will be considered in the Leninsky district court of Grodno.
		Today in Vilnius representatives of the Belarusian community picketed against “Pahonya’s” closure in front of the building, that hosts the session of the PACE Political Committee.
	www.charter97.org /eng/news/2001/11/20/05 (370 words)

	Supreme Economic Court Shuts Down Pahonya Newspaper :: Charter'97 :: News :: 13/11/2001
		Judge Zhandarov satisfied the petition of the Hrodno regional Prosecutor’s office, that several months ago initiated liquidation of the weekly “for the sake of the state”.
		On the example of Pahonya the strategies of effective and loud closures of newspapers are developed, so that dissenters would think twice if it is worth continuing their activity.
		Pahonya’s attorneys are positive that there was only one warning.
	www.charter97.org /eng/news/2001/11/13/10 (328 words)

	Independent Editors Protest Pahonya’s Shutdown :: Charter'97 :: News :: 30/11/2001
		Verdict against newspaper Pahonya was passed on November 12, 2001 by the judge of the Supreme Economic Court Valery Zhandarov.
		In this connection, editors of the leading Belarusian periodicals addressed the chairman of the Supreme Economic Court Kamenkov and the procuracy officials, pleading with them to carry out justice and invalidate the decision of judge Zhandarov.
		“We believe that the newspaper Pahonya’s closure and liquidation of the editorial board is yet another step to annihilating the freedom of speech and strangling the independent press,” – reads the statement.
	www.charter97.org /eng/news/2001/11/30/06 (285 words)

	IFEX :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The journalists are accused of libeling President Aleksandr Lukashenko, which is a criminal offense under the Belarusian law.
		Lukashenko cracked down on the local press during the run-up to the poll, in which he claimed victory amid widespread allegations of electoral fraud.
		On November 12, 2001, Pahonya, which is based in Hrodno, a city in western Belarus, was shut down by order of the Belarusian High Economic Court for criticizing Lukashenko.
	www.ifex.org /es/content/view/full/16719 (471 words)

	Authorities Declined Petition Of Editor Of “Pahonya” To Register New Newspaper :: Charter'97 :: News :: 28/02/2002
		The Hrodna City executive committee declined the petition of the editor-in-chief of the closed down independent newspaper “Pahonya” Mikalai Makarevich to register a new newspaper under the title “Newspaper “Pahonya”.
		The city executive committee regards the title of the new newspaper as practically identical to the old one, that was closed by a decision of the Supreme Economical court.
		In its turn it caused the absolutely illegal prosecution and is still affecting the minds of the local pen pushers”, -- Markevich believes.
	www.charter97.org /eng/news/2002/02/28/15 (400 words)

	Picket In Pahonya’s Support :: Charter'97 :: News :: 20/11/2001
		In Vilnius Belarusians staged a protest in support of the Hrodna newspaper Pahonya and the independent media in Belarus in general.
		Many people responded to the call of Pahonya’s editor-in-chief Mikalaj Markevich and Belarusians from Vilnius to hold a picket in support of Pahonya during the PACE Political Committee session in the capital of Lithuania.
		Today, on November 20, in the morning, at the square in front of the Town Hall an action was staged.
	www.charter97.org /eng/news/2001/11/20/17 (304 words)

	Belarus News and Analysis \| Police again seize independent daily Den as authorities continue to undermine press freedom
		In one instance, in May 2004, KGB officers seized four of its computers on the pretext that the weekly had printed insulting verses about President Lukashenko.
		Den is published by the former editorial management of Pahonya, a weekly the authorities closed in 2001.
		The authorities in Belarus can thus clearly be seen as well practised in the systematic harassment of this dogged editorial team.
	www.data.minsk.by /belarusnews/052005/95.html (546 words)

	Belarus - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		While poets such as Koupala were trying to revive the use of the Belarusian language, the Russian language is still used in official business and in various parts of Belarusian society.
		Other symbols of culture that faced Russification were the symbols of Belarus in 1991 and the Belarus National Republic, the white-red-white flag (бел-чырвона-белы сцяг) and the Pahonya coat of arms.
		While the coat of arms is similar to that of Lithuania (Vytis), these were replaced by the current symbols in a 1995 referendum, which may be considered reminiscent of the Soviet era.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/b/e/l/Belarus.html (4232 words)

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