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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Paixhans
		Paixhans developed a delaying mecanism which, for the first time, allowed shells to be fired safely in high-powered flat-trajectory guns.
		Paixhan guns.- In 1822, Lieut.-Col. Paixhan, of the French artillery, submitted, for the first time, his plan for throwing large heavy shells from long chambered guns (canons-a-bombes), in the same way that solid shot is thrown.
		Up to that time, shells fired from long pieces had been limited to the smaller calibres; and it remained for Paixhan to prove, after the greatest opposition on the part of others, that it was as practicable and almost as easy to throw shells to a great distance with slight elevations, as to throw shot.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Paixhans (0 words)

	Civil War Weapons
		Siege Artillery is composed of mortars, large howitzers, Paixhan guns, or Columbiads, and all cannon of a large calibre.
		Paixhan guns were invented by Colonel Bomford, of the United States Army ; but being introduced into the French service by General Paixhan, they received his name, although he had nothing to do with their invention; however, he afterward improved upon them.
		The Columbiad is of the class called Sea-coast Cannon, and combines in itself the qualities of the gun, howitzer, and mortar: in other words, it is a long-chambered piece of ordnance, having the capacity to project shot or shell, with heavy charges of powder, at high angles of elevation.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /leefoundation/civil-war/1861/august/civil-war-weapons.htm (0 words)

	Armament
		In 1822, Lieut.-Col. Henri Joseph Paixhan, of the French artillery, submitted, for the first time, his plan for throwing large heavy shells from long chambered guns (canons-a-bombes), in the same way that solid shot is thrown.
		Up to that time, shells fired from long pieces had been limited to the smaller calibres; and it remained for Paixhan to prove, after the greatest opposition on the part of others, that it was as practicable and almost as easy to throw shells to a great distance with slight elevations, as to throw shot.
		Paixhan guns were invented by Colonel Bomford, of the United States Army.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/steam6.htm (3933 words)

	Portsmouth Project (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Paixhains are named for Henri Joseph Paixhans, a French General who had developed shell guns and had been instrumental in introducing them into the French Army and Navy.
		Chambering of guns in this way was not new in Paixhans's design; it had been used in carronades for the same purpose: to allow heavy charges to be used by means of the thick walls formed by chambering a large bore gun.
		Gradually, all Shell guns came to be called "Paixhans guns." The Paixhans of the Portsmouth were 64-pdrs.
	users.california.com /~paterson/portsmouth/paixhansguns.htm (246 words)

	Naval
		The percussion cap reduced the rate of misfire to fewer than one in two hundred rounds and was not affected by wind and damp.
		Henri Paixhans developed a horizontal-firing naval shell gun which, in a test, was able to break up an old naval hulk
		All but one of the Turkish ships were sunk and 4000 men were killed.
	www.mtsu.edu /~cwtech/techwar/timeline.html (1113 words)

	Portsmouth Project (Site not responding. Last check: )
		She was armed with 18 medium 32s and 2 Paixhan shell guns - a successor to the carronade.
		The Paixhans were actually 64 pounders with a chambered bore of 8".
		She had a complement of 200 men and 17 marines.
	users.california.com /~paterson/portsmouth/historyoftheportsmouth.htm (223 words)

	Farnsworth - Upshur County, WV
		The steamer was the Princeton, one of the finest vessels in the American navy.
		She had just arrived home from an extended cruise in foreign waters, and was armed with the celebrated paixhan guns, the largest then used in naval warfare.
		About noon, having on board the president his cabinet, many members of congress, and others, to the number of five hundred' she steamed down the Potomac to the place of destination, where, after a few hours sojourn emit the beautiful scenery, the party re- embarked.
	www.conjure.com /GENE/FARNS/named.html (0 words)

	1862NavalComms_Chap_I
		Hollow shot or shells were very early introduced into the navy; but being thrown from mortars, were used chiefly in assailing fortified places on land.
		The Paixhan gun, though invented by an American, about 1812, received but little attention here until it was introduced into France by Captain Paixhan.
		This was a great improvement in naval warfare, for with this piece of ordnance shells were fired point-blank like round-shot.
	www.navyandmarine.org /ondeck/1862NavalComms_Chap_01.htm (0 words)

	ARMOR-CHAPTER-XII-A
		These experiments of Stevens aroused great interest both in America and Europe.
		In 1814 a Frenchman, General Paixhan, had also pointed out the necessity of armoring ships, and in 1845 Dupuy de Lome designed an armored frigate for the French government.
		These proposals resulted in the laying of the keel of the armored Stevens Battery in Hoboken in the spring of 1854, followed in a few months by four keels in Toulon, and but a few months later by three more in England.
	www.eugeneleeslover.com /ARMOR-CHAPTER-XII-A.html (0 words)

	Boca Chica Beach - Montezuma's Revenge - Gulf of Mexico
		Montezuma mounted two 68 pound and eight 32 pound Paixhan guns.
		The gun of choice for the Mexican Navy, the Paixhans used a hollow shell that burst upon impact scattering shrapnel in a deadly "shotgun blast." Very effective when used against troops on an exposed deck, but not sufficient to cause any real harm to enemy shipping.
		He would attempt to escape to the open Gulf where he could meet the Texians on a level battlefield.
	www.spi360.com /SouthPadreIsland/Montezumas_Revenge.htm (715 words)

	Gus Openshaw's Whale-Killing Journal
		A few hours later, the Paixhan crewmen stuffed the poor souls into the Paixhan's hold, along with the three hundred others Josiah had previously agreed to purchase.
		The Paixhan's crew had hoped his first act as such would be to lead them on a record-long bender.
		His fancy, though, was death to the Cookes, (Nelson's line) due partly to generations worth of unsettled scores, but mostly because the rotters had twice taken his brigs and made off with sizeable prizes, including slaves, whom, damned if Josiah knew why, the self-righteous bastards had liberated.
	blubberybastard.tripod.com /blog/index.blog?entry_id=610727 (416 words)

	Civil War Monthly: Providing a deeper understanding of America’s Civil War and the country that survived.
		France, urged on and assisted by her far-seeing Emperor, has been foremost in these efforts to perfect this formidable power, and richly has the harvest thus sown repaid the sowers.
		Drawings and models of it having fallen into the hands of General Paixhan, he was immediately struck with its great advantages, and hastened to introduce it into the French army.
		Being first made known by him, his name was attached to it; though it must be said, in justice to him, that he disclaimed any other merit for himself than that of having introduced it into the French service.
	www.civilwarmonthly.com /1862/march/default5.asp (827 words)

	NewspaperARCHIVE.com - Search old newspapers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Stf-amer Pulton One eight-inch Paixhan gun on pivot, four thirty-two's in broadside.
		Being resllnss and emulous of duty, he disregards the ambiguous orders of the Department, and seeks to rule the ship in which he sails, for which especial duty a Captain has been detailed by the Gov- ernment.
		To a thorough oflleer who The ten-inch one hundred j knows his duty and has performed it through and tweniy-pouml Paixhan guns, one on each j all the divers grades of promotion, and during on Southern Legislation on Slavery.
	www.newspaperarchive.com /newspapers2/na0003/258916/2817620.html (4519 words)

	Godey's Lady's Book - Feb. 1850
		It is a tide in our affairs, depend upon it, that we should take at the flood.
		In the hope of building up his own establishment by ruining his neighbor's, Turnham opened upon the rival newspaper with his Paixhan gun, as he called it, and then waited 'anxiously for the return fire.
		A week went by; and, at length, wet from the press, and, to his imagination, smoking with wrath, came the paper he was so anxious to see, He opened it with eager hands, and starting at the first editorial column, ran his eyes over the whole inside page, in search of the rejoinder he expected.
	www.history.rochester.edu /godeys/02-50/aar.htm (3727 words)

	White Jacket eBook
		Point-blank, the range of a carronade does not exceed one hundred and fifty yards, much less than the range of a long-gun.
		When of large calibre, however, it throws within that limit, Paixhan shot, all manner of shells and combustibles, with great effect, being a very destructive engine at close quarters.
		This piece is now very generally found mounted in the batteries of the English and American navies.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/10712/48.html (438 words)

	Allegheny Chapter 11
		On the 24th the Mexicans begged for a cessation of hostilities in order to give them an opportunity to bury their dead.
		A battery of Paixhan guns was manned by a squad of sailors and marines, and did most effective work.
		On the 27th the city and castle were both surrendered to the Americans.
	www.accessible.com /amcnty/PA/Allegheny/Allegheny11.htm (1943 words)

	Reminiscences of the Republic
		They were nearly ready to sail and formed part of ample preparations making by Mexico to subjugate Texas.
		They carried each, two 68-pounders Paixhan pivot guns, besides lighter armament and small arms.
		Their munitions of war and supplies for men were in quantities extended into cargo.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/smithasbel1.htm (5414 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / First Encounter
		His preparations were in complete tune with the times.
		First, he requisitioned two of the most modern and powerful ships of the fleet—the paddle-wheelers Mississippi and Susquehanna, each armed with devastating’eight-inch Paixhan guns, for his force.
		He determined in advance that he would be most impressive to the nonWestern mind by outdoing the Japanese in the matter of formality.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1991/8/1991_8_20_print.shtml (1541 words)

	texasnavy
		She was of 788 tons displacement, 183 feet in length, and had the means within her propulsion system to develop a full 180 HP.
		Ultimately this was armament that would render all other weapons of the period obsolete.
		Her extensive armament consisted of two 68 pdr swivel and six 42 pdr long Paixhans guns.
	livinghistoryengineer.com /navy/texasnavy.htm (2633 words)

	Computer worm
		Blake and his second said but little about the matter.
		Among these friends was Mary Clinton, who not long contact with a Paixhan gun as an author with his "infernal pen." He can't stand up when pen-work is the order of the day.
		I WAS once sent for, in great haste, to attend a gentleman.
	www.factspider.com /co/computer-worm.html (561 words)

	Rance wuz here...
		Recite the verse following the one Isaac read from Jeremiah.
		Make as many words out of Paixhan as you can.
		Do you suppose the word "hood" was derived from "the Hoods"?
	captainhoof.tripod.com /blog (0 words)

	The History of Washington State
		Richard Packenham arrives in Washington with full powers to negotiate on behalf of Great Britain the boundaries of the Oregon or Columbia territory.
		Then on the terrible day of the "peacemaker" the Paixhan gun onboard the Princeton kills Secretary Upshur, who is succeeded by John C. Calhoun, March 4
		WE are again offered the Columbia River boundary, with free ports as desired south of 49°--a generous proffer of our own property; a deed of gift from the trespasser to the legitimate owner.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/wa/state1/his/ch16pt2.htm (2583 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Of the leaders of those days, scarcely one remains to receive the curses wlhich, even in the midst of their hatred of the Yankees, the people pour out upon the men who converted their prosperity into desolation..
		Then they were singing "With mortar, paixhan and petard, We send Old Abe our Beauregard.' But Beauregard is a prisoner, given leave, by "Od Abe's" parole, to humbly enter his home at New Orleans, from which the loving wife, whom he deserted for secession, has gone out forever..
		Barnwell Rhett is in exile, and the very journal by which he fed and nurtured the germs of the Rebellion, has passed absolutely out of existence —no new editor daring to revive so ill-omened a thing as the Charleston.iercury.
	delta.ulib.org /ulib/data/moa/2d8/6ce/5b3/c3a/55b/e/data.txt (17186 words)

	1st USS Albany
		Since the Mexican leaders chose not to oppose the landings, Albany saw no combat.
		In response to a request from General Winfield Scott during the attack on the town, the ship also sent ashore a 68-pound Paixhan gun as well as seamen to man it.
		One of several landed by the fleet, Albany’s gun crew helped in the destruction of Mexican forts; the town of Vera Cruz surrendered shortly thereafter.
	www.ussalbany.com /new_page_3.htm (1170 words)

	The Country Perfectly Safe
		We can see our way clear now—the country is safe.
		Paixhan guns, in foreign hands, are even like unto pop guns in children’s hands—bomb shells are as harmless as egg shells—batteries not half as dangerous as buckwheat cakes.
		We have heard a Western war speech, and we are reconciled—England had better sell out her navy at once.
	writing2.richmond.edu /spirit/archive/countrysafe.html (616 words)

	Official Website of the Texas Navies
		The Moctezuma had two 68 pound and eight 32 pound Paixhan guns.
		The Paixhans used a hollow shell that burst upon impact scattering shrapnel in a deadly "shotgun blast" effect, which was effective when used against troops on an exposed deck, but not sufficient to cause any real harm to the hull of a ship.
		The Invincible, built as a slaver in Baltimore, carried only eight guns, but made up for her smaller guns with superior ordinance.
	www.texasnavy.com /montezuma.htm (2247 words)

	Mexican-American War and the Media
		Thus it will be seen that our available naval force threatening Mexico at this time is about 1,500 guns.
		Of these, a proper proportion are Paixhan guns, of sizes suitable to the different ships that carry them.
		The frigates are of a size and force that would justify their taking a place in the line of battle in a fleet engagement, as they throw much greater weight of metal at a broadside than the old English and French line of battle ships.
	www.history.vt.edu /MxAmWar/Newspapers/Times/Times1846AugDec.htm (15497 words)

	[CTRL] [15a] Treason in America -- From Aaron Burr to Averell
		Lamar can give you a good description of her....
		If I can buy here, I will put six Paixhan guns on deck, and man her with as good men as are to be found in the South.
		The fighting men will all be stockholders and gentlemen....
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg11717.html (7458 words)

	HISTORY OF NEW LONDON COUNTY, CONNECTICUT - CHAPTER XXV
		It was afterwards sold to B. TAYLOR, who again changed the name, calling it the Norwich Gleaner.
		The Norwich News, Paixhan Gun, Needle, and American Patriot were ephemeral publications of about this period.
		The Weekly Reporter, which began in 1845, had an existence of three or four years.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~jdevlin/town_hist/nl-chap25.htm (2892 words)

	[No title]
		But did this ship come from Boston ?-or New York ?-or Philadelphia ?" He knew enough of our geography not to locate our principal sea-ports on our western prairies or among the Rockies; a reach of intelligence unattained by some of our European co sins~ and apparently unattainable.
		One of them asked if the monster gun on the quarter deck was a "Paixhan gun ?" It was, but how could he have known its name?
		One of our midshipmen was taking the sun at noon, and laying down his sextant, a Japanese gentleman took it up and remarked (in Dutch-most of these conversations were carried on through our Dutch interpreter) "The best instruments of this kind are made in London." How could a Japanese know that?
	dl.lib.brown.edu /japan/sewall_armada.html (0 words)

	1862NavalComms_Chap_XXIII
		Here, to his great joy, his eyes began to improve.
		About this time Paixhan was trying to draw the attention of the French Government to his system of firing shells, and Dahlgren, finding that he could work again, translated his pamphlet, and had it printed at his own expense, to distribute in our navy.
		He also sent a copy to the board of commissioners; but the red-tape system still had sway, and we did nothing but follow French and English precedent.
	www.navyandmarine.org /ondeck/1862NavalComms_Chap_23.htm (0 words)

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