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Topic: Pakeha Maori

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Frederick Edward Maning

Maori Wars

Maori Party

Maori

Maori seats

Kiwiana

Pakeha

Maori language

Treaty of Waitangi

Culture of the Maori

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Volkner Incident

Second Taranaki War

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Chatham Islands

	Pakeha, its origin and meaning
		In 1960, The Fern and the Tiki (Ausubel, 1960, glossary) defined Maori as "the indigenous Polynesian inhabitant of New Zealand".
		The Maori used the word to describe themselves, as opposed to the ‘different’, European settlers, during the nineteenth century, and the Europeans in turn adopted it.
		Pakeha is not an ethnicity but rather a way to differentiate between the historical origins of our settlers, the Polynesians and the Europeans, the Maori and the other.
	maorinews.com /writings/papers/other/pakeha.htm (2119 words)

	MAORI CULTURE
		Maori thinking is quite opposite to pakeha (Maori for European New Zealanders) thinking, in that they tend to go outwards and understand something holistically, and this includes their own identity.
		Maori do not normally seek "self-actualization" or to become self-directed and relying only on themselves to find solutions within, they are a social people and tend to perceive their identity as part of a group/tribe.
		Maori, often referred to the sovereignty they wished to retain as the ‘mana of the land’, began to ask more searching questions about the power and authority that could be exercised by chiefs and government...A new dimension developed as the colony moved towards self government.
	www.angelfire.com /nm2/nmolloy/waitangi.html (5466 words)

	PEOPLES' SOVEREIGNTY & MAORI SOVEREIGNTY
		For many years, Maori activists have resolutely campaigned for Maori sovereignty, the aim of which is to gain constitutional powers for Maori to administer Maori resources and affairs and for acknowledgement of their role as a partner.
		This commitment and objective is sustained by their understanding of the Treaty of Waitangi, by social statistics, by the continued under-development of Maori resources, the continued dis-empowerment of Maori and by the belated recognition of historical wrong-doing by the Crown.
		Pakeha supporters, unknowingly, have reinforced this relative isolation of the Maori Sovereignty goal, by ignoring the common ground that exists between Maori and Pakeha on the question of sovereignty.
	cpa2.netfirms.com /Struggle/Dec00/13.htm (1095 words)

	Maori - Crystalinks
		Maori history was not recorded using the written word; instead, it was kept in long, very specific and highly stylised songs and chants.
		Maori language is still an endangered language as English is taught in schools to be the primary language (compulsory subject).
		Maori today are pushing to have the Maori language also taught as a compulsory subject thus ensuring its survival and intergration into New Zealand society.
	www.crystalinks.com /maori.html (2538 words)

	The Maoris of New Zealand -- Maori Today
		The Maori still retain membership in their particular tribes, even though the members of each tribe may be widely scattered throughout the country.
		Since 1975, The Maori, including the descendents have the right to choose whether to vote in a Maori or a general electorate rather than before, where they were required to vote for one of the four.
		Maori favour this ideal because of the fear of integration (bring the races together) is likely to the completely loss of Maoritange (the Maori way of life) They point out that the New Zealand does almost everything about Pakeha.
	www.geocities.com /TheTropics/Shores/9338/today.htm (875 words)

	The Maori Year (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The year began with national polarization when Maori, as equal citizens under the Treaty of Waitangi and English common law, asked the courts to examine the continuing existence of their pre-colonial aboriginal, native or customary ownership of the seabed and foreshore.
		Thirty-five thousand Maori children attend early-childhood education; kohanga reo and kura kaupapa are expanding; Maori enrolments at tertiary level have doubled since 1999; and Te Wananga-o-Aotearoa, with 38,000 enrolments, became the country's biggest tertiary institution.
		Long-time servant of grass-roots communities, mother of six, grandmother of 24 and fosterparent of 30 Maori and pakeha children, she combines the strength of Eva Rickard with the motherhood of Whina Cooper, the hands-on commitment of Princess Te Puea and the principled dignity of Mira Szasy.
	www.arena.org.nz /maoriyr.htm (1526 words)

	Pakeha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pakeha is a New Zealand English word for European New Zealanders, that is, New Zealanders of predominantly European descent.
		Some have claimed that the word is a Maori transliteration of "bugger ya" or derives from Maori words for flea (keha) or for pig (poaka), and therefore expresses derogatory implications, but there is little or no etymological or linguistic support for these notions.
		Pakeha sometimes appears pluralised in English as Pakehas, but in Maori, the plural is Pakeha: pronouns or definite articles indicate pluralisation.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Pakeha.htm (594 words)

	Decolonisation and Aotearoa - Jessica Hutchings
		Pakeha notions and epistemologies have pervaded society, and the hegemony of their ideologies, as well as colonial violence (both physical and symbolic), has externally and internally impacted Maori.
		Maori concepts, such as tapu (sacred), rahui (restriction), mana (power and authority), and kaitiakitanga (guardian of culture), ensured that the environment and human activities would be sustainably managed in harmony and balance, and the mauri would be protected.
		While many Maori believe that the continued depletion of resources necessitates restrictions on human activity, and that a balance is required between development and sustainability for future generations, most do not have the resources or capacities to act on their beliefs.
	www.swaraj.org /shikshantar/ls3_jessica.htm (4614 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It will argue that the British never intended to govern the Maori and turn New Zealand into a colony but were prodded into annexing it by a number of concerns for both the Maori and British settlers raised by both missionaries and a world view marked by notions of moral and cultural superiority.
		By the time the Pakeha and Maori signed the Treaty, the Maori had adapted to coexist with the settlers, and were perhaps attempting to keep adapting.
		Maori society had drastically changed, they had formed a close relationship with the British, found trade advantages, and had a different understanding of the document that they were signing.
	www.du.edu /~tsydney/historyessay2.doc (2087 words)

	Mimiwhangata: Media Discourse
		Maori culture is fundamentally inferior to that of the Pakeha.
		The term 'Maori activist' is a common variation on the 'Stirrers' pattern referred to above and the kinds of material I have listed as flowing from the use of the term in the headline are common in talk centred on the pattern.
		The Maori spokesperson is permitted to speak and what he says at least as reported indirectly, dovetails with the 'Stirrers' pattern, with the expectations from the headline; open defiance of the laws of ownership.
	www.massey.ac.nz /~alock/tim/tim.htm (5089 words)

	Roma Potiki's embracing the other from a modernnewzealandmaoriwoman's perspective
		Ranginui Walker talks of an "ideology of unity and one-ness of Maori and Pakeha [that] was used to deny the otherness of the Maori thereby denying their humanity as well" (Walker, 42).
		She rejects images of Maori generated by the Pakeha and then again she uses them in affirmation of Maori authority and status, for instance when she points at the connection of the Maori to land and nature.
		Pakeha is actually a difficult term to deal with since it is a Maori term meaning non-Maori, so that it includes everyone but Maori.
	webdoc.sub.gwdg.de /edoc/ia/eese/artic22/duppee/4_2002.html (4606 words)

	Reality. Issue 65: Counting the Cost of True Partnership, by Lloyd Martin
		Relocating to England effectively removed the ability of Maori to participate in the decision-making, and (Maori) friends of mine identified this as a key factor in their decision to move on.
		By that time several generations of Maori parents had been through an education system that sought both to cut them off from their own cultural heritage, and deny them access to full participation in Pakeha society.
		Deliberate attempts to isolate Maori from their cultural background were pursued by early government (and some mission) boarding schools: they sought to remove children from the influences of their family environments and only schools that taught in English were funded.
	www.reality.org.nz /article.php?ID=390 (2971 words)

	Foreshore and Seabed Claim: Maori versus Pakeha Colonial Govt
		The Appeal Court has merely affirmed that, where Maori customary title is claimed in parts of the foreshore or seabed, the Maori Land Court has the same power to investigate the claim as it has in respect of dry land and the beds of lakes and fresh water rivers.
		Shifting the burden of certainty about Maori property rights in the foreshore and seabed from the Crown to Maori, so Maori are delivered for an unknown period to a position of complete uncertainty about where they stand, undermines their bargaining power.
		Until Pakeha realise that all are being manipulated by secretive foreign commercial-political interests, the conclusion to this particular end-game is predictable.
	twm.co.nz /maorisea.html (9231 words)

	Maaori Words in New Zealand English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It defines pakeha as a Maori term for the white inhabitants of New Zealand and says that the word was in vogue prior to 1815.
		My suggestion with reference to "pakeha" (and knowing bugger all about it) is that either (1) or (2) above could have been shortened in the same way, not by the Maori but by the Europeans and then passed back into Maori usage as being what pakehas called themselves.
		Although pakeha can mean flea (not smell), the most reasonable derivation is "pakepakeha" with a macron over the first or last syllable.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~mjw/Language/Maaori/InNZEnglish.html (464 words)

	Korero Tahi: Talking Together. Joan Metge
		Arguing that the dropout problem affected the nation as a whole and not the Maori alone, the Foundation's chief architect Hoani Waititi formed an organizing group composed of equal numbers of Maori and Pakeha.
		However, in the Maori and Pakeha context, while the Maori have borrowed such Pakeha traditions as committee procedures, Pakeha have generally failed to recognize Maori tradition and procedures as a useful resource.
		Flexible guidelines for discussion are grounded in the basic Maori values of respect for the spiritual dimension, ancestral connections, attachment to the land, generosity to and care for others, peace, and unity.
	www.aaanet.org /cae/aeq/br/metge.htm (690 words)

	A Life Of Struggle: Mihipeka - The Early Years: Exemplars - Level 6 (Raine) [English Online]
		Mihi's boss, a Pakeha lady, fired her when she found out that she was Maori.
		It is grey which is sort of a dull colour and shows that it is not a nice thing that is being said.
		The concept of Pakeha looking down on Maori is clearly communicated in the text, and is visually represented here.
	english.unitecnology.ac.nz /resources/units/mihipeka/raine.html (378 words)

	METHODOLOGY
		Abstract: Exhorts Maori and Pakeha to oppose the 1990 celebrations as it believes that the government is not prepared to honour the Treaty of Waitangi.
		Traces demand for national debate on the Treaty through Maori and Pakeha coalitions, culminating in the launching of Project Waitangi in 1986.
		Covers re-examining history and language, analysing the present situation, listening to Maori voices and supporting their aspirations through work with Pakeha and Pakeha institutions, and working collectively to respond to developments in Maori decolonisation.
	www.arena.org.nz /trtybib.htm (6909 words)

	Being Pakeha Now - reflections and recollections of a White Native by Michael King - OC BOOKS reviews pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Then he sought to make Maori aspirations intelligible to pakeha New Zealanders, and to say why he believed that "Maori had every right to be Maori in their own country and to expect pakeha to respect them."
		He made sure Maori consented before he wrote about them or their people.
		Michael King's contribution to the advancement of Maori interests gives him better credentials than most to stake a claim for "indigenous pakeha." He can do it without seeming to belittle the status of Maori.
	www.ocbooks.co.nz /Reviews/being.html (431 words)

	AsiaMedia :: Story, Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The figures show that 358,000 individuals tuned in to Maori Television at some stage during the 12 weeks after it began broadcasting in March, 35 per cent of them Maori.
		Maori Television spokeswoman Sonya Haggie said the channel was pleased by how many Pakeha were watching.
		She said many more, both Maori and Pakeha, were watching it through Sky, but they were not yet being measured in the Nielsen ratings.
	www.asiamedia.ucla.edu /print.asp?parentid=12306 (460 words)

	F.E. MANING- NZ Literature File - LEARN - The University Of Auckland Library
		History of the War in the North of New Zealand, told by an old chief of the Ngapuhi tribe; faithfully translated by a "Pakeha Maori".
		Trader, Pakeha Maori, judge, writer.' In: Dictionary of New Zealand biography vol.1, 1769-1869.
		Pakeha Maori: the extraordinary story of the Europeans who lived as Maori in early New Zealand.
	www.library.auckland.ac.nz /subjects/nzp/nzlit2/maning.htm (472 words)

	Omniseek: /Open Directory /Regional /NZ /Culture /Pakeha
		Maori andamp; Pakeha Women’s Education in the 1900s.
		Pakeha and Maori are two different kinds of New Zealanders.
		The Maori first came to New Zealand some 1000 years ago when Kupe, a particularly brilliant navigator, set sail from his Polynesian homeland of Hawaiki.
	www.omniseek.com /srch/{43512} (453 words)

	[No title]
		But, Maori did not die out in the late C19th
		‘It labels an understanding that this land is the only land that Pakeha belong to and that Pakeha culture is uniquely shaped by the experiences of this land.’
		‘Because of our privileged position being Pakeha holds an enormous responsibility to ensure that all those groups who call this land home are free to live and express their lives and cultures in the best possible way.’
	www.arts.auckland.ac.nz /online/sociol200/oh6.html (458 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Pakeha Maori (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If you would like to purchase this title, we recommend that you occasionally check this page to see if it has become available.
		Look for books like Pakeha Maori by subject:
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0140285407 (69 words)

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