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	Weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Weapons of mass destruction can be high explosives or nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological weapons, but exclude the means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible part of the weapon.
		Weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons, are rarely used because their use is essentially an "invitation" for a WMD retaliation, which in turn could escalate into a war so destructive it could easily destroy huge segments of the world's population.
		Weapons of mass destruction are used to justify the Bush Doctrine of pre-emptive strikes against "rogue states" thought to be in danger of possessing or developing them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction (3101 words)

	Category:Weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are weapons designed to kill large numbers of people, typically targeting civilians and military personnel alike.
		They are generally considered to have a psychological impact in addition to any strictly military usefulness.
		The main article for this category is Weapons of mass destruction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Weapons_of_mass_destruction (116 words)

	Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is not exactly known when Pakistan began developing nuclear weapons but it is believed to have started in the 1970s and apparently conducted its first test on 28 May 1998 when it detonated 5 separate devices in a remote mountain desert area in its Balochistan province.
		Pakistan's nuclear program was launched in earnest shortly after the loss of East Pakistan in the 1971 war with India, when Bhutto initiated a program to develop nuclear weapons with a meeting of physicists and engineers at Multan in January 1972.
		Pakistan acceded to the Geneva Protocol on April 15, 1960, the Biological Weapons Convention in 1974 and the Chemical Weapons Convention on October 28, 1997.In 1999 Pakistan signed the Lahore Accords, with India, agreeing a bilateral moratorium on nuclear testing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction (1015 words)

	A.Q. Khan
		Pakistan's nuclear weapons program is a source of extreme national pride, and, as its father, A.Q. Khan -- who headed Pakistan's nuclear program for some 25 years -- is considered a national hero.
		Moreover, Khan and colleagues of his had published numerous scientific papers internationally on the making and testing of uranium centrifuges, including one dated from 1991 which detailed the methodology to be followed in ecthing grooves on the bottom of a centrifuge to aid the flow of lubricants and thus aid in the centrifuge's spinning speed.
		Still, the government of Pakistan is likely not to be eager to give the United States any more information than it has to as to the whereabouts and/or security arrangements of its nuclear arsenal.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/pakistan/khan.htm (1419 words)

	The New Yorker: Fact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Pakistan's nuclear researchers are known for their nationalism and their fierce patriotism.
		The agency recruited informants inside the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, and the National Security Agency found a way to intercept the back-channel communications of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, the German-educated metallurgist who had run Pakistan's nuclear laboratories since the nineteen-seventies and is known as the father of the Pakistani bomb.
		Musharraf responded by warning darkly that Pakistan was "not a small country." That tense exchange made it clear that Secretary of State Colin Powell's highly visible visits to Pakistan and India, during which he urged both sides to resolve their differences over Kashmir through negotiation, had failed to ease the situation.
	www.newyorker.com /fact/content/?011105fa_FACT (4263 words)

	Greenpeace finds WMDs \| Greenpeace International
		UN Weapons Inspectors and citizen weapons inspectors are welcome to use our map to check up on just where those elusive Weapons of Mass Destruction have been hiding.
		Greenpeace activists dressed as missiles appeared at the missions of the nuclear weapons states in Geneva as the meeting began to demand "inspectors" symbolically dismantle the cardboard arsenals.
		All nuclear weapon states should commit to the goal of eliminating their illegal nuclear arsenals and halting the development of new nuclear weapons or the "refurbishment" of existing ones.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/news/greenpeace-finds-wmds (762 words)

	Fears of "Pakistan next after Iraq" - smh.com.au
		US sanctions on Pakistan's top nuclear research facility over alleged technology-sharing with North Korea are fuelling a popular theory that Washington plans to deal with Pakistan's weapons of mass destruction once it has finished with Iraq.
		Mr Mahmud said the main factors feeding the "Pakistan next" theory were the combination of Pakistan's possession of weapons of mass destruction and the rise of Islamic fundamentalists.
		Proponents of the "Pakistan next" theory point to the policy of pre-emption embraced by Washington in its attempt to overthrow Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and its goal of eliminating weapons of mass destruction.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2003/04/02/1048962764425.html (655 words)

	Pakistan Facts - China-Pakistan alleged nuclear ties trouble India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Senior Indian analysts believe that China, whose assistance in the 1980s and 1990s is thought to have been critical to Pakistan's emergence as a nuclear weapons state, is using third party conduits to provide further help to Pakistan, notably via North Korea.
		Neither India or Pakistan, which both openly tested nuclear weapons in May 1998, are signatories to the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.
		Pakistan, whose military strength is estimated at roughly half that of India, maintains a "first strike" nuclear doctrine.
	www.pakistan-facts.com /article.php?story=20030127165250581 (538 words)

	Pakistan's cynical role in proliferating weapons of mass destruction
		After mastering the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) technology, Pakistani scientists embarked upon the proliferation route in the similar surreptitious manner that they had used to acquire it.
		The British foreign office has rightly taken a serious view on Pakistan's alleged role in nuclear technology proliferation and is understood to have taken up the gravity of the matter at the highest level in Pakistan.
		While fresh disclosures on Pakistan's role in WMD) proliferation particularly to the so called rogue states in recent years continue to trickle in the international media, it is highly doubtful that the dubious ruler of this terrorist infested country will be able to stem the rot in future.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0103/222.html (987 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Dirty bombs are part of a class of weapons known as radiological dispersal devices—conventional explosives surrounded by radioactive material such as cobalt 60, cesium 137, or strontium 90.
		Suitcase bombs are true nuclear weapons in that they are made with plutonium or highly enriched uranium, and they are more powerful than dirty bombs.
		Reports, tutorials, timelines, Congressional testimony, and country overviews on all types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) from the largest nongovernmental organization in the United States devoted exclusively to research and training on nonproliferation issues.
	magma.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0211/feature1 (1264 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction
		Countering the spread of weapons of mass destruction - nuclear, chemical, biological - has become a new priority for the U.S. miltary...
		After 25 years, 30 countries are thought to be capable of building nuclear weapons and inspection of suspect activites always encounter problems.
		Nuclear Weapons and the Breakup of the Soviet Union -- Nov.
	www.cdi.org /adm/nwm.html (936 words)

	WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
		They are also known as weapons of indiscriminate destruction, weapons of mass disruption and weapons of catastrophic effect.
		The United States claims to have "clear superiority" in nuclear weapon, biological weapon and chemical weapon technologies, and has stockpiles of nuclear and other weapons sufficient to wipe out Earth's whole population.
		is among the nation's preeminent arms control organizations and focuses on halting the spread of weapons of mass destruction, opposing a national missile defense system, cutting Pentagon waste and reducing excessive arms exports.
	www.findthelinks.com /politics/weapons_of_mass_destruction.htm (805 words)

	Articles - Netherlands and weapons of mass destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Although the Netherlands do not have weapons of mass destruction made by itself, the country does participate in the NATO nuclear weapons sharing arrangements and trains for delivering U.S. nuclear weapons, i.e it has weapons of mass destruction made by another country.
		The weapons are stored at Airbase Volkel, and in time of war would be delivered by Royal Netherlands Air Force F-16 warplanes [1].
		The Netherlands ratified the Biological Weapons Convention on 10 April 1972 and the Chemical Weapons Convention on 30 June 1995.
	www.foreverc.com /articles/Netherlands_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction (635 words)

	Publications: Weapons of Mass Destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) is derived from the Department of Defense's mission to dissuade, deter, and defeat those who seek to harm the United States, its allies, and partners through WMD use or the threat of their use and, if attacked, to mitigate the effects and restore deterrence.
		This report presents a country-by-country account of the acquisition of technology relating to weapons of mass destruction and advanced conventional munitions during the second half of 2001.
		It outlines potential weapons of mass destruction that could be used by terrorists, identifies a list of groups designated by the U.S. Secretary of State as Foreign Terrorist Organizations, and provides a historical timeline of terrorist events.
	www.counterterrorismtraining.gov /pubs/11.html (5045 words)

	Vajpayee echoes Putin’s warning -DAWN - International; December 3, 2002
		There is a danger that weapons, especially mass destruction weapons, may be misused by terrorists.
		Putin had told Indian journalists on Sunday that the exact nature of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme, and the location and status of their weapons of mass destruction had to be verified.
		“Pakistan’s weapons of mass destruction could fall into the hands of bandits and terrorists,” he warned.
	www.dawn.com /2002/12/03/int4.htm (409 words)

	WorldWatch - July 24, 2005 - Weapons of Mass Destruction - The Ornery American
		Those are weapons of mass destruction no matter who sets one off or where -- as long as it's in a place where fallout can spread.
		There's only one weapon of mass destruction for the foreseeable future that lives up to the name: It can be targeted like a weapon against a specific target, and it will kill huge numbers of people.
		So nuclear weapons have done one of the jobs that military power is designed to accomplish: prevent the enemy from carrying out its will, because of the fear of effective retaliation.
	www.ornery.org /essays/warwatch/2005-07-24-1.html (3468 words)

	Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG)
		Possessing chemical and biological weapons, an extremely sophisticated nuclear arsenal, and an aggressive strategy for their actual use, Israel provides the major regional impetus for the development of weapons of mass destruction and represents an acute threat to peace and stability in the Middle East.
		In popular imagination, the Israeli bomb is a "weapon of last resort," to be used only at the last minute to avoid annihilation, and many well intentioned but misled supporters of Israel still believe that to be the case.
		Meanwhile, the existence of an arsenal of mass destruction in such an unstable region in turn has serious implications for future arms control and disarmament negotiations, and even the threat of nuclear war.
	www.globalresearch.ca /articles/STE203A.html (2643 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
		The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction - nuclear, chemical or biological - has rightly been a source of concern to the international community.
		Originally everyone was concerned about nuclear weapons: the great powers who had the bomb (the US, the USSR, the UK, France and China) tried to restrict membership of the nuclear club.
		With the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the doctrine of dissuasion, the dangers of nuclear conflict have diminished, though not entirely disappeared - the Indo-Pakistani conflict continues for instance.
	mondediplo.com /focus/iraq/r1459 (235 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction - Intelligence Threat Assessments
		Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 January Through 30 June 2003, Unclassified Report to Congress from the Director of Central Intelligence, November 2003
		Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 January Through 30 June 2001, Unclassified Report to Congress from the Director of Central Intelligence, January 2002
		Weapons of Mass Destruction: Title 10 Implications for the Military Army Center for Strategic Leadership - by Kenneth K. Steinweg, William R. Betson, Jeffrey A. Matt, Richard F. Riccardelli, Carmen J. Spencer, and Michael N. Ward.
	www.fas.org /irp/threat/wmd.htm (1610 words)

	Pakistan Special Weapons - A Chronology
		Pakistan handled the cutoff with little public rancor and committed itself to freezing the nuclear program in an attempt to placate the United States.
		Talbott states that there is "broad agreement" between the United States and Pakistan on the goal of "first capping, then reducing, and eventually eliminating weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles from South Asia."
		Pakistan claimed that the five nuclear tests measured up to 5.0 on the Richter scale, with a reported yield of up to 40 KT (equivalent TNT).
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/pakistan/nuke/chron.htm (2305 words)

	BottleOfBlog: Bush Awards Pakistan For Spreading Weapons Of Mass Destruction And Cavorting With Terrorists
		And the Bush administration ordered U.N. weapons inspectors out of Iraq so that we could launch a pre-emptive war, spend over 200 billion dollars, and the lives of 1500 Americans because the very possibility that Saddam might have WMDs and might give them to terrorists was so great we had no alternative.
		Pakistan has given al Qaeda and the Taliban weapons and training, and financial and military support.
		And Pakistan is admittedly the greatest nuclear proliferator in the history of the world.
	bottleofblog.typepad.com /bottleofblog/2005/03/bush_awards_pak.html (2010 words)

	CNS - Chemical and Biological Weapons: Possession and Programs Past and Present
		Precise assessment of a state's capabilities is difficult because most weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs were, and/or are, secret and cannot be independently assessed.
		Weaponized Agents- where agents are produced in quantity, and/or filled into munitions in a specialized formulation with enhanced shelflife or dissemination properties.
		Biological weapons are being tested on the island territories belonging to the DPRK." Russian Federation Foreign Intelligence Service, A New Challenge After the Cold War: Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, 1993.
	cns.miis.edu /research/cbw/possess.htm (8532 words)

	BBC NEWS \| South Asia \| Russian concern over Pakistan
		The Russian President, Vladimir Putin, has expressed concern about the risk of Pakistan's weapons of mass destruction falling into the hands of terrorists.
		In an interview with an Indian newspaper The Hindu ahead of a three-day visit to India this week, he said there was also the threat that extremists could get hold of sensitive information on producing weapons with a destructive potential.
		Pakistan rejected any concerns about the security of its nuclear assets, saying Russia should pay attention to safeguarding its own fissile material.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/2532749.stm (150 words)

	MEMRI research cited in the media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The debate in the Arabic press, much like the one in the international press, suggests that Iraq has had no weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and, hence, nothing was likely to be found.
		He underscored their scientific achievements which had revealed "the metal of the Iraqi man and his steadfastness and determination to seize upon the opportunity for progress and development." Speaking sarcastically, Saddam said: "The American and the British talk is like a joke.
		They say that if Iraq is left alone it will produce this and that weapon that it would place at the disposal of terrorism.
	www.memri.org /bin/media.cgi?ID=53703 (883 words)

	Belmont Club: March 2004
		The mass stampede stampede of Arab leaders into their bolt-holes illustrates how Middle Eastern potentates, even more than European leaders, have come to fear the turn of events.
		It also illustrates why the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists would be insusceptible to solution by negotiation or even surrender.
		The border between Afghanistan and Pakistan is mostly unmarked and follows the high ridge line of the mountain range which demarcates the two countries.
	belmontclub.blogspot.com /2004_03_01_belmontclub_archive.html (15582 words)

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